杨瑞琦 冯丽华
(吉林大学第一医院 妇产科,吉林长春 130022)
超声测量胎儿胸腺在母体妊娠期高血压综合征的应用
杨瑞琦 冯丽华*
(吉林大学第一医院 妇产科,吉林长春 130022)
目的通过超声测量合并母体孕期高血压综合征的胎儿胸腺横径和前后径,评估胎儿胸腺发育和妊娠母体高血压综合征之间的相关性。方法选取2012年12月~2013年12月于本院临床诊断为妊娠高血压综合征孕妇30例归入观察组,同时随机选取100例18-40周孕妇归入对照组,取两组胎儿三血管切面胸腺横径、前后径测值,对照组参数行线性回归分析,两组胎儿胸腺横径、前后径均值分别行t检验,以P<0.05为具有显著差异性。结果对照组胎儿胸腺横径和孕周回归方程为Y=0.139X-1.173,R2=0.796,P<0.05;对照组胎儿胸腺前后径和孕周回归方程为Y=0.49X-0.176,R2=0.813,P<0.05,两组参数胎儿胸腺横径、前后径均值分别行t检验,P<0.05。结论胎儿胸腺超声测值在母体合并妊娠期高血压综合征时小于相应孕周正常妊娠胎儿胸腺测值95%置信区间,胎儿胸腺发育和母体妊娠期高血压综合征具相关性。
超声;胎儿胸腺;妊娠期高血压综合征
孕妇妊娠期高血压综合征(妊高征)妊娠期发病率约2.5%~3%,定义为在未使用降压药物前提下,3次测量血压收缩压大于等于140 mm Hg和(或)舒张压大于等于90 mm Hg,既往有高血压病史目前应用降压药物者,即使血压低于上述标准,也归于妊高征[1],以母体高血压、蛋白尿、代谢紊乱,胎儿宫内窘迫为特征,严重时甚至危及两者生命安全,为我国孕产妇死亡的第二大主因[2]。
胎儿胸腺位于胎儿前上纵隔心脏前方,是重要的免疫器官,既往研究认为孕妇发生先兆子痫时胎儿胸腺变小,且该变化在孕妇发生先兆子痫之前即可出现[3,4],本文旨在通过对母体合并妊高征胎儿胸腺的测量,探讨妊高征和胎儿胸腺发育两者之间的关系。
1.1 对象 选取2012年12月至2013年12月于本院临床诊断为妊高征孕妇30例作为观察组,同时随机选取100例18~40周孕妇归于对照组,胎儿孕龄根据孕妇末次月经推算,并用孕妇11~13+6孕周NT检查时所测孕周进行校正,所有孕妇均签署知情同意书并满足以下条件:①单胎妊娠;②没有细菌、放射物质、有毒物质等接触史;③未发现胎儿染色体核型异常。
1.2 仪器与方法 采用Philips IU22型彩色超声诊断仪,探头频率3~5MHz。超声在三血管切面测量胎儿胸腺横径、前后径(图1)。结果采用SPSS19.0软件,对照组参数行线性回归分析,两组参数胎儿胸腺横径、前后径均值分别行t检验,以P<0.05为具有显著差异性。
图1 胎儿三血管胸腺测量切面,T:胸腺;PA:主肺动脉;AO:主动脉
对照组胎儿胸腺横径和孕周回归方程为Y=0.139X-1.173,R2=0.796,P<0.05;对照组胎儿胸腺前后径和孕周回归方程为Y=0.49X-0.176,R2=0.813,P<0.05。
两组参数胎儿胸腺横径、前后径均值分别行t检验,P<0.05。
妊高征患者小动脉痉挛导致孕妇血压升高,内脏血液灌流减少,对脑、心、肾、肝、眼等脏器均可产生不利影响,常表现为水肿、头晕头痛、眼花、恶心呕吐、腹痛等症状甚至子痫,胎儿可表现为宫内生长受限、宫内窘迫等,缺氧、胎盘早剥等均可造成胎儿的死亡,严重威胁母亲和胎儿的生命安全[5-8]。
胸腺分为左右两叶,随着胎儿生长发育逐渐变大,超声回声由高渐低[9],关于胎儿胸腺的测量已有多位学者报道,但目前尚未形成统一的标准[10-12],本例采用三血管切面测量胎儿胸腺横径、前后径,对照组两组参数和孕周均呈正相关,和前人的研究一致。观察组和对照组胎儿胸腺测值相比均具显著差异性,在Mohamed和Eviston[3,4]的研究中,孕妇发生先兆子痫时,胎儿的胸腺大小小于该孕周正常胎儿测值,究其原因,认为孕妇皮质醇的增加是使得胎儿胸腺退化的可能机制。本例认为,胎儿胸腺不仅在孕妇先兆子痫或是其前期缩小,同妊娠期高血压亦表现出显著的相关性,较前人的研究更进了一步。
综上我们认为,胎儿胸腺的超声测值和母体妊高征之间存在联系,伴发母体妊高征的胎儿胸腺测值小于其同孕周正常胎儿胸腺测值95%置信区间,有关胎儿胸腺的超声测量,可以做为对于母体妊高征评估的一个相关指标。
[1]中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J].中华心血管病杂志,2011,39(7):579-586.
[2]Lain KY,Roberts JM.Contemporary concepts of the pathogenesis and management ofpreeclampsia[J].JAMA,2002,287(24):3183-3186.
[3]Mohamed N,Eviston DP,Quinton AE,et al.Smaller fetal thymuses in pre-eclampsia:a prospective cross-sectional study[J].Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol,2011,37(4):410-415.
[4]Eviston DP,Quinton AE,Benzie RJ,et al.Impaired fetal thymic growth precedes clinical preeclampsia:a case-control study[J].J Reprod Immunol,2012,94(2):183-189.
[5]乐杰.妊娠期高血压疾病.妇产科学[M].第七版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:92-99.
[6]The Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases.ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy[J].Eur Heart J,2011,32:3147-3197.
[7]Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group.High blood pressure in pregnancy[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2000,183:S1-S22.
[8]Podymow T,August P.Antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy[J].Semin Nephrol.2011,31(1):70-85.
[9]Merz EC Welter C.2D and 3D ultrasound in the evaluation of normal and abnormal fetal anatomy in the second and third trimesters in a level III center[J].Ultrasehall Med,2005,26(1):9-16.
[10]Zalel Y,Gamzu R,Mashiach S,et al.The development of the fetal thymus:an in utero sonographic evaluation[J].Prenat Diagn,2002,22(2):114-117.
[11]Cho JY,Min JY,Lee YH,et al.Diameter of the normal fetalthymus on ultrasound.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol[J]2007,29(6):634-638.
[12]Konno A,Utsuyama M,Kurashima C.Effects of a proteinfree diet or food restriction on the immune system of Wistar and Buffalo rats at different ages[J].Mech Ageing Dev 1993 72:183-197.
ObjectiveMeasure the transverse diameter,the anteroposterior diameter of fetal thymus through ultrasound,to assess the correlation between fetal thymus development and hypertension syndrome of pregnancy.Method30 cases of patients diagnosed as hypertension syndrome of pregnancy in our hospital from December 2012 to December 2013 were put into the observation group,while 100 cases were selected into the control group randomly.The transverse diameter and the anteroposterior diameter were measured in the three vessel view,The control parameters were analyzed by linear regression analysis,mean of two groups parameters were tested by t test respectively,P<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe regression equation of fetal thymus transverse diameter and GA is:Y=0.139X-1.173,R2=0.796,P<0.05;the regression equation of fetal thymus anteroposterior diameter and GA is:Y=0.49X-0.176,R2=0.813,P<0.05;Mean of two groups t test get P<0.05.ConclusionsFetuses whose mother are accompanied with hypertension syndrome of pregnancy,their thymus measurement are less than those of the same GA fetal thymus measurement,there are correlation between fetal thymus development and hypertension syndrome of pregnancy.
ultrasound;fetal thyroid;hypertension syndrome of pregnancy
R445.1
A
2014-09-09)
编辑:宋文颖
10.13470/j.cnki.cjpd.2014.04.009
*通讯作者:冯丽华,E-mail:13756661253@126.com