四季花金花茶

2014-04-29 00:44黄连冬等
广东园林 2014年1期
关键词:新种中国广西

黄连冬等

摘要:描述了在广西发现的山茶属一新种——四季花金花茶,本种在亲缘关系上与柠檬金花茶接近,唯花较之更大,金黄色;又与中越山茶接近,唯花黄色,花瓣数更多。与此两种不同的是本种花瓣13~16枚,一年四季连续开花或多次开花。

关键词:山茶属;四季花金花茶;新种;广西;中国

中图分类号:Q949.758.4

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1671-2641(2014)01-0069-02

收稿日期:2013-12-06

修回日期:2014-01-08

Abstract: Camellia perpetua Liang et Huang, a new species is described from Guangxi, China. The new species is more closed to C. limonia Liang et Mo and C. indochinensis Merr. but its bigger and yellow flower is different from light yellow flower of the former, and its yellow flower, and more petals is very differenced between white flower of the later. With thirteen to sixteen petals of a flower and blooming several times in a year, it is completely differed from them.

Key words: Camellia L.; C. perpetua; New species; Guangxi; China

四季花金花茶 新种 (图1)

Camellia perpetua S. Y. Liang et L. D. Huang, sp. nov. (Subgen. Thea (L.) H. T. Chang, Sect. Archecamellia Sealy) Fig. 1

Habitu C. indochinensi Merr. et C. limonia C. F. Liang & X. L.Mo simile, ab illo differt floribus aureis, ab hoc floribus majoribus 5-6cm in diam. profunde flavis; ab utraque differt petalis multis 13-16, florentibus a Majo ad Decembrem.

Frutex ad 5m altus; cortice rubro-brunneo, ramuli hornotini rufi glabri, ramis cinereo-brunneis. Folia tenuiter coriacea, elliptica, oblonga vel anguste obovata, (4.0-)5.0-7(-8)cm longa, (1.8-)2.5-3.4cm lata, apice acuta, acumene obtuso, basi rotunda, subrotunda vel late cuneata, supra in sicco atro-viridia, nitida, subtus pallide viridia glabra cum brunneis glandulis; costa utrinsecus elevata; nervis lateralibus tenuibus 5-7-jugis, supra minute impressis, subtus prominentibus; margine callifris serrulatis; petiolis 4-7mm longis glabris. Flores flavi solitarii axillares 5-6cm in diam., pedicelli cum bracteolae 0.5cm longi; bracteolis 4-5 remotis secus pedicellum, superioribus 1-2 adnatis ad calycem, infimis 1mm longis, 1.5mm latis, summa 3.5 longa, 4mm lata, omnibus extus glabris, intus albis pubescentibus, margine ciliatis, persistentibus; sepala 5-6, inaequalia, imbricata, exteriora 2-3 minora, semiorbiculata, viridia, coriacea, 5-7mm longa cum lata, interiora 2-3 majora, lati-ovalia, flava, margine membranacea, 8-9mm longa, 9-11mm lata, extus glabra, inter sparsim alba pubescentia, margine ciliate, persistentia; corolla flava, basi in tubum 5-6mm longum connata, tubo corollae staminum adnato ad 9mm longo, petalis 13-16, obovatis vel lati-obovatis, exteriora minora, 1.1-1.5cm longa, 0.8-1.1cm lata, cetera 2.2-3.4cm longa, 1.4-1.8cm lata, exteriora intus apicem versus sparse alba pubescentia, interiora utrinque glabra; staminibus 5-6-seriatis 1.7-2.3cm longis, filamentis glabris, exterioribus in tubum 4mm longum connatis, interioribus liberis, antherae ellipsoideae, subbasifixae; ovaria glabra 3-locularia, ovula 3 in quoque loculo, stylis 3(-4) omnino liberis 2-2.5cm longis, glabris. Capsula tri-globosa 2.3cm in diam, pericarpio flavido, glabro. Seminibus 1-2 in quoque loculo, glabris. Fl. Maj.- Decem. Fr. Septem.- Octob.

灌木,高达5 m。树皮红褐色,嫩枝浅红色,无毛,老枝灰褐色。叶薄革质,椭圆形、长圆形到窄倒卵形,长(4.0-)5.0~7(-8)cm,宽(1.8-)2.5~3.4 cm,先端急尖,尖头钝,基部圆形、近圆形或宽楔形,上面干后深绿色,有光泽,下面浅绿色,无毛,有多数分散褐色腺点;中脉两面凸起;侧脉纤细,5~7对,上面微凹,下面突起;边缘有胼胝质状细锯齿;叶柄长4~7 mm,无毛。花黄色,单独腋生,径5~6 cm,花梗连小苞片长0.5 cm;小苞片4~5,阔卵圆形,由下向上渐次增大,在花梗上疏离,最上1~2枚贴萼,最下的1枚长1 mm,宽1.5 mm,最上的1枚长3.5 mm,宽4 mm,外面无毛,内面有白色短柔毛,边缘有睫毛,宿存;萼5~6,不等大,覆瓦状排列,外面2~3枚较小,半圆形,绿色,革质,长宽均为5~7 mm,内面2~3枚较大,阔卵圆形,黄色,边缘薄膜质,长8~9 mm,宽9~11 mm,外面无毛,内面有疏短白色柔毛,边缘有睫毛,宿存;花冠黄色,基部连成长5~6 mm的花冠管,内面贴生于雄蕊9 mm,花瓣13~16,倒卵形到阔倒卵形,外面数枚较小,长1.1~1.5cm,宽0.8~1.1 cm,其余长2.2~3.4 cm,宽1.4~1.8 cm,外面数枚内面向顶有白色短柔毛,其余两面无毛;雄蕊多数,排成5~6轮,长1.7~2.3 cm,外轮花丝基部连生成短管,管长4 mm,内轮花丝完全离生,花丝无毛,花药椭球形,近基着药;子房无毛,3室,每室胚珠1~2,花柱3(-4)条,完全离生,长2~2.5 cm,无毛。蒴果三球形,果皮淡黄色,光滑,径约2.3 cm。种子每室1~2,种皮光滑,无毛。花期:5~12月,果期:9~10月。

本种与中越山茶C. indochinensis Merr.[1] [3]和柠檬金花茶C. limonia C. F. Liang et X. L.Mo[2] [3]近似,其中和中越山茶的不同之处在于本种花金黄色,不为白色;和柠檬金花茶的不同之处在于本种花瓣深黄色。与此两种均不同的是花瓣较多,13~16枚;一年大多数时间开花。

China. Guangxi(广西): Chongzuo

(崇左),马鞍山村柳阳屯,石灰岩山,alt. 350m, 2003-05-04, L.D. Liang(黄连冬)2003001(holotypus! SYS,hic designatus; isotypus! SYS)

致谢:感谢谢庆建先生为本新种绘图。

参考文献:

[1] Elmer Drew Merrill. Records of Indo-Chinese Plants[J]. Journ. Arn. Arb. 1939, 20:347-348.

[2] 梁畴芬,莫新礼. 广西弄岗自然保护区植物区系资料[J]. 广西植物,1982, 2(2): 61-65.

[3]中国科学院植物志编辑委员会. 1998. 中国植物志(第四十九卷第三分册)(M). 北京:科学出版社,110-115.

审稿编辑:刘念 薛克娜

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