陈英 陈碧梅
摘要 [目的]筛选出综合性状表现较好的、适合合浦县自然条件下栽种的甘薯[Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill]品种,为当地甘薯品种示范推广提供科学依据。[方法]对广西合浦县农业科学研究所引进8个甘薯新品种和当地1个当家品种进行品比试验。其中,引进的甘薯品种桂薯131、桂粉2号、富硒11选、桂紫薯1号、桂薯3号、桂薯96-8由广东农业科学院玉米研究所提供,广薯87由广西农业科学作物研究所提供,外婆藤由广西平南县提供,当地当家品种为紫罗兰。[结果]桂薯96-8产量24 844.50 kg/hm2,比对照增产44.64%,居首位,萌芽性好,中后期长势旺,结薯性好,单株结薯平均5.3个,大中薯率60%以上,薯形美观,熟食口感好,可在合浦县进行示范推广。外婆藤产量22 011.00 kg/hm2,比对照增产28.15%,居第2位,株型半直立,萌芽性好,整个生长期茎叶生长较旺,茎叶产量高,平均株结薯7.4个,中蔓分枝较多,但煮熟薯块含有少量纤维,薯形不美观,可以作为养殖饲料种植。[结论]桂薯96-8综合性状较好,适合在合浦地区推广种植。外婆藤可以作为养殖饲料种植。
关键词 甘薯品种;筛选;鲜茎叶产量;鲜薯产量;经济性状
中图分类号 S632 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)11-03214-02
Abstract [Objective] To screen varieties of D. esculenta (Lour.) Burkill with good comprehensive characters and adaptability to natural conditions of Hepu County, and provide scientific basis for the demonstration and promotion of local D. esculenta (Lour.) Burkill varieties. [Method] Variety test was carried out among 8 new varieties introduced by Guangxi Hepu Institute of Agricultural Sciences and 1 local principal variety. Guishu 131, Guifen 2, Fuxi 11, Guizishu 1, Guishu 3 and Guishu 96-8 were provided by Corn Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangshu 87 by Crops Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Waipoteng by Pingnan County (Guangxi), and the local principal variety is Ziluolan. [Result] Yield of Guishu 96-8 is 24 844.50 kg/hm2, increases by 44.64% from the CK (the highest). It shows better germination capacity, and stronger growth vigor in the middle and late stage, better fruitbearing capacity (5.3 per plant), higher rate of large and middle fruits (>60%), beautiful shapes, and good taste, so it can be popularized in Hepu County. Yield of Waipoteng is 22 011.00 kg/hm2, increases by 28.15% from the CK (the second highest), has semierect plant shapes, good germination capacity. Stems and leaves grow luxuriantly in the whole growth stage, so the stem and leaf yield is higher. It has also higher fruitbearing capacity (7.4 per plant), and more branches of middle vines, but few fibers in cooked sweet potatoes, and less beautiful shapes, so it can be planted as forage crop. [Conclusion] Guishu 96-8 has better comprehensive performances, so it is suitable for being promoted in Hepu County. Waipoteng is suitable for being planted as forage crop.
Key words Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill varieties; Screen; Fresh stem and leaf yield; Yield of fresh sweet potatoes; Economic character
近年来,合浦县甘薯当家品种长时间没有进行更新,单产呈现减产趋势,为引进品质好、产量高、抗逆性强、适应性广的甘薯新品种[1-2],在广西农业科学院的指导帮助下,广西合浦县农业科学研究所从广西农业科学院玉米研究所等科研单位引进了桂薯131、桂粉2号、外婆藤、富硒11选、桂紫薯1号、广薯87、桂薯3号、桂薯96-8等8个甘薯新品种,与当地当家品种紫罗兰作对比,进行品种对比筛选试验。通过9个甘薯品种的小区对比和田间试验,鉴定各个甘薯品种的丰产性、抗逆性、品质性状以及耐旱耐瘠等情况,从而筛选出综合性状表现较好的、适合合浦县自然条件下栽种的甘薯品种,为当地甘薯品种示范推广提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地情况
试验在合浦县廉州镇青山村旱地进行,前茬作物是甜瓜。壤土,土壤肥力中等偏下。
1.2 参试品种
参试品种9个(表1),以紫罗兰为对照。
1.3 试验设计
试验采用单因素随机区组设计,小区面积25 m2,每小区5垄,3次重复。9月11日起垄栽插,每垄单行种植,每行种植25株,每小区125株,种植株数为50 025株/hm2。用浓缩金正复合肥作基肥,沟施300.0 kg/hm2,拌基肥施入扫虫光22.5 kg/hm2,防治地下害虫。10月2日培土施肥,施复合肥(施大壮)450.0 kg/hm2、钾肥112.5 kg/hm2,拌扫虫光22.5 kg/hm2防治象甲虫;10月23~24日灌溉一次;10月22日、11月9日喷水胺硫磷防治厁纹夜蛾和潜叶蛾;12月8日收获,并进行考种及测产。
2.3 各品种品质分析 采收后,洗净煮熟品尝,初步评价,桂薯98-6食味粉香、肉细、口感好;广薯87熟食味粉香、薯味香浓,口感好;桂粉2号食味香、甜、粉、肉细腻。桂紫薯1号、桂薯131和富硒11食味香、甜、黏、细,达到优质水平。桂薯3号甜度高,品质优,口感好;外婆藤含纤维偏多,影响口感;紫罗兰甜度偏淡,但适合于制作红薯果脯。
2.4 品种评述
2.4.1 桂薯96-8。综合性状最好,产量24 844.50 kg/hm2,比对照增产44.64%,达极显著水平。萌芽性好,中后期长势旺,结薯性好,单株结薯平均5.3个,大中薯率60%以上,薯形美观,熟食口感好。可在合浦县进行示范推广。
2.4.2 外婆藤。株型半直立,萌芽性好,整个生长期茎叶生长较旺,平均株结薯7.4个,中蔓分枝较多,茎叶产量高,14 007.00 kg/hm2,居第1位,比对照增产10.51%,鲜薯产量22 011.00 kg/hm2,居第2位,比对照增产28.15%,但煮熟薯块含有少量纤维,薯形不美观,可以作为养殖饲料种植。
2.4.3 广薯87。单株分枝数7条,蔓粗中等;单株结薯平均9.3个,产量18 009.00 kg/hm2,比对照增产4.85%,增产未达显著水平,但单株结薯多,在9个参试品种中排第1位,薯形较美观,熟食口感好,可作为食用栽培品种选择。
2.4.4 桂紫薯1号。鲜薯产量比对照减产3.89%,减产不显著,有待于进一步试验。
2.4.5 桂粉2号。结薯性好,单株结薯4.7个,中薯率高。鲜薯产量13 838.85 kg/hm2,茎叶产量6 919.50 kg/hm2,均比对照减产。虽然产量偏低,但熟薯味香、甜、粉、肉细腻,可作为食用栽培品种选择。
2.4.6 桂薯131。分枝数中等,单株结薯6.8个,鲜薯产量15 007.50 kg/hm2,茎叶产量6 203.10 kg/hm2,均比对照减产;富硒11选和桂薯3号鲜薯产量和茎叶产量均比对照减产。
3 小结
参试品种中,桂薯96-8综合表现较好,品质好,产量高,适宜在合浦县薯区示范推广种植;外婆藤丰产性较好,但食用口感稍逊于其他品种,可以作为饲料种植品种。紫罗兰、广薯87、桂薯131、桂粉2号、桂紫薯1号和桂薯3号虽然丰产性欠佳,但食用口感好,各有风味,可根据爱好选择种植。桂紫薯1号、紫罗兰和富硒11由于具有特殊的保健功效认可,有一定市场需求量。
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