《蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福》五种译文赏析

2014-04-29 18:31蒋巍
大观 2014年6期
关键词:蜗居巷陌腔调

蒋巍

摘要:该散文为由《中国翻译》举办第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛所采用的汉译英原文。从参赛者的译文中可看出在处理此篇文章之时,译者们认真仔细研究此文,考证其中的信息内涵,在翻译时对原文的风格、遣词造句的特点都予以考虑和再现。该文从各版本的翻译中选出五篇译文进行赏析,对于这些译文的深入评析有助于加深对翻译从事人员和翻译爱好者对散文核心的把握和翻译方法的深入理解和进一步学习。

关键字:散文;赏析;翻译方法

《寻常幸福》虽出自于高中生之手,但思想成熟寓意深远,充满温馨生活气息。文笔清淡,对细节的描写十分生动,让人不禁在脑海中描绘相应的生活画卷。本文还通过对比人们从前与如今的生活状况来唤起人们在物质财富日趋丰富、人际关系渐趋淡漠的现代社会对简单却又充满人情味的岁月的美好回忆。我将从以下几个方面对本文的五种译文进行赏析:

一、译文之“题”

“蜗居”原为名词,其意味“窝舍”,喻意居室狭小。

百度百科的解释为1. 比喻窄小的住所。常用作谦词。2. 伏处;潜居。3. 因每月还房贷,经济能力受限,从而生活行为受限的一种生活形态。

本文标题中的“蜗居”应该是指第二种意思,即那些寻常的简单幸福存在于人们所没有关注的街角处。

五个对标题的翻译分别为:

1.Everyday Happiness of Living in the Mean Narrow Back Alleys

2.Common Happiness of Living in a Humble Abode in Ordinary Streets and Lanes

3.Commonplace Happiness Nestling Snugly in Lanes

4.Grassroot Happiness Dwelling in the Depth of Downtown Lanes

5.Simple Happiness of Dwelling in the Back Streets

五种对标题的翻译都有很大的差异。但共同点是都把原文的结构进行了调换,将“寻常幸福”前置了,符合英语总把中心词放在最前面的习惯。A就翻译本身来看,commonplace happiness和simple happiness的表达比较好。而everyday happiness和common happiness是比较中式的翻译,其实并不怎么使用,个人觉得daily happiness很好,指日常生活中寻常的幸福。Commonplace则是指“普通的,平凡的”在这其实也可以。而grassroot,用浏览器搜索不出这种用法,grassroot是指草根(也是比较中式的,还是近两年开始出现的表达,表示平民阶层的人们),用在这里不是很恰当,就算不是草根,也有享受寻常幸福的权利。B 后半部分用living有存活的意思,而dwell居住的意思更多,更贴近生活,个人感觉dwell比live更为恰当,而nestling觉得与原文的意思不是很吻合。

二、译文之“缺位”

原文:有道是小隐隐于野,大隐隐于市。

1.It is said that a truly great hermit does not retreat into the wilderness, but hides himself amongst the crowd.

2.It is commonly said that a lesser recluse lives incognito in rural residence while a greater recluse conceals himself from fame and recognition by living an urban life.

3.As a saying goes, a so-called hermit secludes/withdraws in deserted wild while a deadly one in the hustling crowd.

4.So people believed: a lesser hermit builds upon the peacefulness of wilderness, while a greater one fits well in the noisy crowd of the downtown.

5.As a common saying goes, while the “lesser hermit” lives in seclusion in the country, the “greater hermit” does so in the city.

原文中这句话的意思是说:闲逸潇洒的生活不一定要到林泉野径去才能体会得到,更高层次的隐逸生活实在都市繁华之中的心灵净土,能在最世俗的市朝中排除嘈杂的干扰,自得其乐,才是心灵上真正的生化所在。关于这句道家名言的翻译,看前三句则都没有理解原文的内涵,而仅仅做了字面上的解释。而对比4和5,5使用does so省略了重复前面的内容则更加简洁,且意思也表达得很清楚。

三、译文之“修”

原文:和来家中做客的邻居朋友用同一种腔调巧妙地笑谑着身边的琐事,大家眯起的眼睛都默契地闪着同一种狡黠;

1.You and your neighbors, who drop by at your home, joke wittily about personal trivialities in the same jolly mood, everyones eyes squinting and sparkling with a knowing smile.

2.The host enjoys ingenious bantering with visiting neighbors and friends, about trivial matters all round, while their eyes are narrowed by tacit agreement and glisten with the same sort of slyness;

3.You and your friends may be bantering in the same tone about the trivial matters among you, with the narrowed eyes glistening with the concerted slyness;

4.Neighbors and friends come to visit for gossips, and share witty comments on daily trifles with the host in commonly appreciated tunes and manners. A nod is as good as a wink, and tricky sly well-received with rapport.

5.When neighbors and friends come, they share witty jokes about personal trivialities, implicitly understanding each others eye movements of like astuteness.

中文中为了说明一些道理,或反映一些现象,经常会省略主语,若都翻译为you,则显得十分别扭、生硬。这句话虽然很短,但翻译起来很有难度,如“腔调、笑谑、眯起、默契、狡黠”等词语,很难在英文中找到对应的词语来简单使其对等。译文1中将“同一种腔调”和“笑谑”结合起来“in the same jolly mood”但原文中是修饰关系,译文2和3将“眯起眼睛”都译为narrowed eyes太过直译,会给外国读者不知所云的感觉。译文4的appreciated用的太过片面,因为同一种腔调并不一定指的是欣赏,也可以是嘲笑。总体来看译文5译得最为恰当,虽然同样没有把腔调和笑谑明确地表示出来,但是原文的意思传递得很到位,若多加了修饰的成分反而容易偏离原文的意思。

四、译文之“诠”

原文:夜幕笼罩,那散落一地的万家灯火中,有多少寻常的幸福正蜗居在巷陌……

1.As darkness falls and the lights glow, do you know just how much everyday happiness envelops all the households in the mean narrow back alleys?

2.Enveloped by a blanket of darkness, a myriad of twinkling lights are scattered over the most stereotyped common streets and lanes where no one knows exactly how many people abide happily.

3.Night falls over the sleepless city with scattering houselights, where some commonplace happiness must be nestling snugly…

4.On the falling of evening shade, the myriads of lights dot the night city, and from the depth of the downtown lanes, unbounded happiness is twinkling through the darkness…

5.No one knows how much simple happiness is seeping through those back streets lit up by the scattered lamps as the night falls…

文章最后一句回应标题,重复说明寻常的幸福蜗居在巷陌。译文1将有多少译为了问句显然是没有理解原文,这句是感叹意思为在巷陌蜗居这许多寻常的幸福。译文2的译法与其标题的译法相一致,但是nestling snugly并没有展示出幸福是等待着人们的发觉这层含义。译文3蜗居在巷陌也并没有说一定是在巷陌的深处,用depth不是很恰当。译文5很好的整合了句子,且seep through十分恰当,很好地诠释了原文。

五、总结

五个译文,参考译文在各方面都优于其他四个,对原文的理解、用词和句式的调整与处理都很到位,值得研究与学习。

【参考文献】

[1] 温建平翻译非易事,得失寸心知——第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛汉译英参赛译文评析[J],中国翻译,2010(06)

[2] 温建平触及生发·妙语天成[M],中国社会出版社《高健翻译研究》,2004,3

[3] 高健浅谈风格的可译性及其他——翻译英美散文的一点体会[J]. 中国翻译,1985(1),P9

[4] Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Pearson Education Limited[M] Pearson Education Limited, 2005.

[5]余光中.翻译与创作[A].余光中.余光中谈翻译[C].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2002:3043.

[6]百度百科, http://baike.baidu.com/view

/647503.htm

[7] 孙致礼新编英汉翻译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2003

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