学龄前儿童乳牙患龋的流行病学调查分析

陈超

[摘要]目的：了解本地区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况，为今后的乳牙龋病防治工作的开展提供理论依据。方法：采用随机分层抽样的方法，对620名学龄前儿童按标准统一进行口腔检查，并进行记录及统计学分析。结果：620名学龄前儿童平均患龋率为61.94%，男童稍高于女童，患龋率分别为64.7%和59%，二者无显著性差异。患龋率随年龄增长呈增高趋势，3、4、5岁儿童的患龋率分别为45.2%、66.2%和72.6%。此外，学龄前儿童的患龋率与不良饮食习惯、口腔卫生保健密切相关。结论：对就诊儿童及家长进行口腔保健指导及口腔卫生知识宣传对于降低患龋率的发生是非常必要的。

[关键词]学龄前儿童；龋病；调查分析

[中图分类号]R783 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455（2014）06-0492-02

Investigation of clinical dental caries among pre-school children

CHEN Chao

(Department of Stomatology,Suzhou SIP Loufeng Hospital,Suzhou 215031,Jiangsu,China)

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the caries prevalence of deciduous among pre-school children in order to guide the prevention and cure of the caries of deciduous teeth. MethodsPreschool students were selected by random sampling and the oral examination,disclosing agents were performed according to the same standard.ResultsThe average caries incidence rate was 61.94%,the figure was 64.7% and 59% in girls and boys，and there was no significant difference of caries prevalence between the male and female.The incidence rate increased with age.Furthermore, children's bad diet habits and oral hygiene behaviors were significantly corrected with children's dental caries. ConclusionIts a necessary to offer the children patient as well as their parents with oral health guidance and education to prevent the caries in the early stage.

Key word:pre-school children;dental caries;investigation

龋病是一种口腔临床常见病，属于多因素相关的复杂感染性疾病，通常由于口腔卫生习惯、口腔环境、生活方式或饮食等因素的影响引起口腔内酸碱的失衡以及多种菌群的失调所诱发的，WHO已将其列为危害人类健康的三大疾病之一[1]。尤其对于儿童而言，其自我保护意识不强、喜好甜食以及刷牙及口腔保健方法不当，往往易于龋病的发生，若治疗不及时，不仅直接影响儿童的咀嚼、食欲及消化和吸收，甚至影响病变乳牙根方恒牙的正常形态。为研究本地区3～5岁儿童口腔健康状况和口腔疾病的患病情况，为日后制定合理的口腔疾病防治工作方案提供科学依据。本院于2013年6月～2013年4月对本地区620例3～5岁儿童进行了调查研究，总结了儿童龋病的患病情况，现报道如下。

1资料和方法

1.1一般资料：依据WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》和全国第三次口腔健康流行病学调查方案，采用多阶段、分层随机抽样法，于2013年6月～2013年4月对本地区7所幼儿园620例3～5岁儿童进行了调查，其中男320例，女300例。

1.2调查方法：检查人员为本科室熟练掌握口腔内科检查的医生，采用自然光线检查，检查器械为平面口镜和探针，以视诊和探针为主。龋病诊断标准：