罗玉婷等
摘要[目的]解决钩状石斛的快速繁殖和提高组培苗成活率。[方法] 在基本培养基MS无菌播种下,获得大量无菌幼苗,增殖过程分别采用不同配比的植物生长激素6BA和NAA组合,筛选出钩状石斛无菌幼苗增殖最佳浓度配比;壮苗生根培养过程中采用不同浓度的植物生长激素IBA和IAA,观察不同因素对生根的影响。移栽技术研究,采用3种不同基质花生壳、刨花和树皮椐末混合,观察不同基质对钩状石斛组培生根苗移栽成活率的影响。基质均对钩状石斛组培苗根生长情况和苗的成活率都有明显的促进作用,其中花生壳为最适宜基质。[结论]该研究为以后工业化快速生产钩状石斛,及钩状石斛的合理开发和可持续利用提供参考。
关键词钩状石斛;无菌播种;幼苗增殖;壮苗生根;移栽
中图分类号S188文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)21-06931-03
Study on Aseptic Tissue Culture Technique of Dendrobium aduncum
LUO Yuting et al (Yachang Orchids National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise, Guangxi 533209)
Abstract [Objective] To study on rapid propagation technique and the soma clone survival rate of Dendrobium aduncum. [Method] A large number of aseptic seedlings produced from culture of MS, different ratio of 6BA and NAA were tested to obtain the best media for multiplication; in process of rooting, adding different concentration of IBA and IAA into the basic culture medium to study the effects on radiation. To research the survival rate of seedlings of Dendrobium aduncum through adding peanut shall and shavings and bark to different medium. [Result] The suitable medium for seed germination was MS+6BA0.5 mg/L +banana10%+white sugar 20 g/L+agar 5 g/L+ AC 2 g/L. The best medium for multiplication of seedlings was MS+6BA 2 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L+ banana 10%+ white sugar 20 g/L+ agar 5 g/L. The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+IBA 2 mg/L + banana 10%+ white sugar 20 g/L+ agar 5 g/L+AC 2 g/L. The most medium for transplanting: All three kinds of medium could remarkably accelerate root growing, the length and survival rates of plantlets. The plantlets were transplanted into peanut shall medium resulted highest survival rates. [Conclusion] This study provided reference for industrial production and the development and sustainable use of Dendrobium aduncum.
Key words Dendrobium aduncum; Sterile germination; Seedling growth; Strong plantlet and rooting; Transplant
(3)钩状石斛组培苗易生根,添加单因子植物生长激素IBA和NAA都有利于钩状石斛生根,生长激素IBA和有机添加香蕉对石斛的壮苗生根起重要作用,能促进根生长,达到苗粗壮,这与黄萍萍等[11]的研究结果相同。IBA浓度越高,苗越矮化,长势呈下降状态,降低组培苗的质量,其原因可能是多方面的,包括与培养基中各个元素的配比,还待今后更深入的研究。
(4)根据试验中的3种基质,处理号1花生壳特性为透气、富含有机质,处理号2刨花特性透气、保水、质轻,处理号3松树皮混合特性透气、保水、富含有机质。从试验结果看,处理号1透气性较好,不易积水,适合鉤状石斛小苗生长;处理号2保水能力优于1号,但实际应用中浇水过多易引起植株根系腐烂;处理号3综合了其他2种的优点,但其透气性较差,不宜浇水过多,否则易引起植株根系腐烂。综上所述,3种基质中最适合钩状石斛组培苗移栽基质为花生壳。
(5)该试验探索了6BA和NAA组合对钩状石斛的增殖作用,单因子IAA和IBA对钩状石斛的生根作用,其他激素对钩状石斛的影响还有待进一步研究。研究表明,铁皮石斛的生长因不同地区的环境温度、湿度影响石斛的产量与质量会有较大差别[12],因此钩状石斛产业的发展也是有必要根据实际地区情况对钩状石斛的栽培温度、湿度等方面进行调整,以确保钩状石斛行业发展更壮大。
参考文献
[1] 陈心启,吉占和,郎楷永,等.中国植物志:19卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:123.
[2] 李雯,谢扬.石斛属植物抗肿瘤作用及其活性成分的研究[J].中国保健营养,2010,19(2):14-15.
[3] 张纪中,何锦丽.石斛的药理研究进展[J].时珍国医国药,2000,11(5):469-470.
[4] 冉景丞,于睿,刘静,等.茂兰保护区民族药用兰科植物及其保护对策[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(1):1-5.
[5] 付传明,赵志国,黄宁珍,等.铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究[J].广西植物,2012, 32(2):238-242.
[6] 黎建玲,黄肇宇,詹源庆,等.金钗石斛试管苗生根研究[J].广西科学院学报,2006,22(2):87-89.
[7] 蒋林,卓宇,莫昭展.流苏石斛丛生芽增殖和生根的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2012.23(9):2310-2312.
[8] 蓝玉甜,刘世勇,罗玉婷.等.鼓槌石斛种子萌发培养与小苗组培快繁技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(9):5380-5382.
[9] 毕志明,麦建峰,朱琳,等.钩状石斛的化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(21):1618-1620.
[10] 付传明,赵志国,黄宇珍,等.铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究[J].广西植物,2012(3):238-242.
[11] 黄萍萍,潘伟彬,张永柏,等.石斛兰组培快繁研究初探[J].闽西职业大学学报, 2003(3):85-86.
[12] 段俊,吴坤林.铁皮石斛生产及问题探讨[J].花卉,2011(12) :18-19.