江洋畈生态公园，杭州，浙江，中国

景观设计：北京林业大学园林学院/北京多义景观规划设计事务所

Landscape Design: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/Atelier DYJG

江洋畈生态公园，杭州，浙江，中国

Jiang Yang Fan Eco-park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 2010

景观设计：北京林业大学园林学院/北京多义景观规划设计事务所

Landscape Design: School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University/Atelier DYJG

1 栈桥和生境岛围栏的水平线条与柳树的垂直线条形成对比/The boardwalk and low fences of Habitat Island highlight the horizontal elements, creating an exquisite contrast with the vertical lines sketched by the woods.

与自然的对话

项目位于杭州西湖南面一处名为“江洋畈”的山谷中。10年前，西湖疏浚的约100万m3淤泥被输送到山谷建立的淤泥库中。多年以后，这个被人遗忘的地方发生了巨大的变化：淤泥中带来的植物种子逐渐萌发生长，这里变成了一片茂盛的沼泽林地。这一变化引起了人们的关注，于是政府希望在这里建造一座生态公园和一座博物馆。

江洋畈过去10年的历史非常生动地展现了自然如何在人类干涉后自我修复的过程,它体现了自然演替的力量。生态公园应当延续这一自然过程并以恰当的方式让人们了解。

公园设计的思路是首先清理死亡的植株和四处蔓延的有害藤本。然后，划出一些植被生长较好的区域作为这个地方自然演替的样本，不加干涉和改造，称为生境岛。其余的地方通过适当地疏伐乔木，使强壮的植株能够更健康地生长，同时，林地能够透入更多光线，为林下植物生长创造条件。通过微地形的调整使雨水汇集到低洼处，在此基础上再引入一些下层植物，为小型哺乳动物和昆虫提供良好的栖息场所。

为了丰富游人的游览体验，项目中还设计了一条1km多长的栈道，结合了绿色廊架、长座凳和围栏，不仅带来丰富的视觉体验，也为参观者提供了一系列观察平台和休息场所。设计师还为公园设计了整套指示系统和科普教育内容，使公园成为一座露天的自然博物馆。

设计师通过对一个独特的自然生态系统的更新设计，激发它自身的创造力，并通过适当的人工干扰，使之成为一个既保留了原有自然特征、又具有生态多样性的低养护的生态公园，同时提供科学、完善的生态教育机会，带来独特的美学体验。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client：杭州市园林文物局钱江管理处

项目主持/Principal in Charge：王向荣，林箐

设计团队/Design Team：王向荣，林箐，阳春白雪，李洋，张铭然，肖起发，季义力，钟春玮，华锐，郭巍，李倞

项目规模/Area：19.8 hm2

设计时间/Design Period：2007-2009

建设时间/Construction Period：2009-2010

摄影/Photos: 明和摄影，王向荣，孙国栋，任鲸

2廊架不仅提供了休息区域，也为人们带来丰富的视觉体验/The pergola not only offers a rest area, but also brings visitors a rich visual experience.

Design In dialogue with nature

The project is located in a valley named Jiang Yang Fan south of Hangzhou’s West Lake. A decade ago, about 1000000 m3of silt dredged from West Lake were pumped into the reservoir in the valley. Ten years passed and this abandoned place changed dramatically-seeds deposited in the silt were gradually germinating and growing, turning the site into a lush woodlands swamp. The miraculous changes captured people's attention and a proposal from the local government to create an ecological park and a museum was accepted.

Over the past ten years, the site has vividly demonstrated how natural regenerative processes take place after human intervention, and revealed the force of the natural succession process. The park should communicate the story of Jiang Yang Fan and present these magical aspects of nature in a proper way.

Starting with clearing the site of dead wood and some detrimental sprawling vines. After that, areas of well-growing plant communities were preserved and kept as living samples of the site's natural succession. Then, for the rest of the site, a moderate thinning of weak plants followed to promote the healthy growth of the woodland and provide sunlight for understory plants. Subtle landform adjustment was applied next in order to direct, collect and discharge it into the shallow swamp zones. Finally, understory plants were introduced at appropriate locations. These regenerated plant communities make the landscape more attractive, and provide a favorable habitat for small mammals, insects and birds.

A floating boardwalk system guides visitors to explore the wonderful environment. The 1-km-long boardwalk punctuated with polymorphous green pergolas, long benches and punched guardrails, brought visitors a rich visual experience and offered a series of observation desks and rest areas. The guild system and the story of the site's creation was well designed by landscape architects who made the park an outdoor museum of natural history .

By adopting regenerative design strategies, the landscape architects stimulated the creativity of a unique natural ecosystem and created a distinctive, low maintenance ecological park. Jiang Yang Fan Ecopark not only represents the original characteristics and successional processes of the site and enhances its biodiversity, it also provides ecological education opportunities and a unique aesthetic experience.

3 总平面/Master plan

4 场地现状/The existing site

5 设计结构/Design structure

6 蜿蜒的栈道吸引人们去探索自然/A floating boardwalk system guides visitors to explore the wonderful environment.

7 人工引入的植物与场地原有植物很好地融合，形成自然朴野的气氛/The introduced species are well blended with the existing plants and create a wild atmosphere.

评论

丁力扬：大自然既有的生态系统性使得植物群落的缓慢演替显得不易查觉。而江洋畈公园基址却是经过人为干扰后重新开始演替的初生系统，其变化是快速且显见的。设计师敏锐地抓住了这一特质，巧妙处理基址中的水、土壤和植物系统，以最小的生态干预引导自然群落向生态宜居发展，引游人就近观察，感受其天然朴实和新奇亲切。

阙镇清：百万方淤泥，10年沉淀，孕育了谷中林泽。原始质朴而生机盎然，神秘莫测而启人深思，江洋畈令人想起亨利·大卫·梭罗笔下深深的新罕布什尔荒野。设计师对场地巧施生境整理，强化生机态势，使其成为包含大自然千万种可能性的生命母体。精心选线的素朴栈道引导游人体验自然的力量，生命的故事在时空中生长展开。理解、欣赏并尊重荒野，设计师以敏感的心灵与自然交流，江洋畈生态公园展示了“设计结合自然”最轻盈的一种可能性。

Comments

DING Liyang： In a stable ecological system the process of natural succession is slow and relatively imperceptible. Interestingly, this park's site is a new generic system. It has been recently created by human intervention, an act that, in turn, enormously accelerates the pace of the succession process. By handling water, soil and planting systems, the designer is trying to achieve a state of ecological balance-to create near autonomy for the natural systems, requiring only the minimum intervention of man. As a result, the park provides opportunities for close observation both of its method and the interactions of these simply "natural" systems. It is also strangely intimate.

QUE Zhenqing： Ten years ago, a million square meters of silt (dredged out of Xihu) gave birth to the valley swamps. Pristine and full of vitality, mysterious and enlightening, Jiang Yang Fan is reminiscent of the deep New Hampshire wilderness described by Henry David Thoreau. Designers of the eco-park skillfully re-organized the habitats, strengthened the vitality of the situation and made Jiang Yang Fan a fertile example of the infinite possibilities of nature. In the park, boardwalks run along carefully selected routes and putting tourists in touch with the forces of nature. The story of life unfolds over space and time. The designers understand, appreciate and respect the wilderness and they communicate this fact with sensitivity. The Jiang Yang Fan Ecological Park demonstrates that it's possible to "design with nature" in the lightest way.

9 穿越生境岛的栈道/The boardwalk winds through native plant communities

10 栈道穿越花海，隐于树林/The boardwalk goes through wild flower meadow and woods.