喻淑勤
实行新课改以来,原高考试卷和学业水平考试中的补全对话改为阅读填句。这一改变很明显增强了对阅读理解能力的要求,同时保留了补充对话能力的考查,每题的分值也增加到了二分,从而使这一题型的总分达到了10分,成为了阅读理解题型中分值最高的一题,但阅读量却是相对而言最小的一题,也是最贴近于生活的一题。因此,笔者认为,这就要求学生能够自己创设语境,走进生活,从而把握这一题型,抓住这10分。当然,这就要求在日常教学中,教师能够适时创设情境、引导学生发挥想象,使做阅读填句题成为一种体验生活的乐趣,把学生置于运用语言情境中去感知、分析、理解、操练,从模拟交际到真实交际,最终真正掌握英语,即英语教学要在情境中教,在情境中学。
伟大的教育家夸美纽斯曾说“一切知识都是从感官开始的。”教育心理学家布鲁姆也曾说:“成功的外语课堂教学应当在课内创设更多的情境,让学生有机会运用已学到的语言材料。”在多年的教学实践中,笔者也深切地体会到情境教学的必要性、紧迫性及实用性。情境创设要求教师深入了解学生的生活习惯、兴趣爱好和学习特点,建立深厚的师生感情,让学生“亲其师,信其道”。它需要教师在教学中尽可能地把枯燥的语言现象在环境中转化为学生乐于接受的、生动有趣的活动形式,使学生在真实的语言情境或模拟的情境中更好地组织思维,理解具体情境中所传递的信息和语言材料,激发表达思想的欲望,从而促进培养运用英语理解和表达思想的能力。
例如,2012年12月河北省普通高中学业水平考试试题阅读填句教学案例:根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have a hard time saying “no” to others? Do you say “yes” when you really mean no? 1 Many people end up saying “yes” to something they dont really want to do for several reasons.
Start to give yourself and others more trust. It is extremely unlikely for people to no longer want to be around you just because you have said no a few times. 2
1. “Im sorry, I just dont have the time at the moment.”
If you are too busy then let the other person know. After all, your own work and family are first. 3
2. “I dont think Im the best person to help you out. Why dont you try...”
If you think you cant be of any help, then simply say so. Maybe you know someone else who would be better siuted for the task. 4 This is a good one to use at work.
3.“Id love to, but...”
5 Saying that you would love to do something shows that you like the other persons idea but you just cant do it.
A. Youre not alone.
B. Tell people to go to that person for help instead.
C. It all depends on how you say “no”.
D. Force that person to take up the task.
E. This is usually a gentle way of saying “no” to someone.
F. It is important to know when to say “no” to other people.
G. The other person will understand , especially if they also have a busy job and a family of their own.
粗略阅读完文章,弄懂大意之后,我没有苛求学生费劲苦心地去寻找符合题意的选项,而是叫到李梅问:
If I ask you to write an article of 500 words, how will you answer me?
The student hesitated for a moment and answered:“I,e …but Ill have a try.”
我接连又叫到几个学生,大部分学生都给予类似的回答。
“Ok, lets look at the first blank. Can you give me an exact answer?”
学生异口同声地回答出正确答案:“You are not alone.”
“Now, lets come to the second one .”
“Do you have a friend who has refused to help you?”
几个学生主动起立讲述自己被同学拒绝的经历,我紧跟着问道:“Are you still friends now?”
他们说:“Certainly,or were not true friends.”
“Yes,”我语重心长地肯定,“只要朋友有拒绝你的充分理由而且方式得当,我们是不会介意的,毕竟人无完人。”“So,It all depends on how you say“no” whether your friends will leave you.”
“I believe question 3 is so popular that every student can give me an example.”学生听了我的话,有的不以为然,我立刻提出下一生活场景 :Your father is wanted to help a friend of his, but you or your mother need him very much. Do you need to be understood ?
学生回答: “Yes.”
我补充到:“And so does your father.”
学生点头,这样问题3就迎刃而解了。是呀,我们需要别人的理解,当然我们也要学着去理解别人家人、朋友,尤其是我们的爸爸妈妈,此时我没有忘记“教书更要育人”是我们教师的职责。接下来两题属于细节性的题目,根据题目所在段落的环境能直接判断出答案,这里不再赘述。
还有一次讲到The History of the Internet,我指导学生抓住history一词按时间顺序理顺文章内容,把自己对网络的发展经过的了解及网络给我们的生活带来的影响讲出来。学生列举了很多,如网上购物、发邮件、交朋友、上远程课等等,从而“真实地回顾”网络发展的历史,讲评过后,我激励学生通过自己的努力学习掌握科学文化知识,为科技的发展和人类的进步贡献自己的一份力量。
每一篇阅读填句可以说都来源于普通的生活,同时也为我们以后的生活提供指导。只要我们恰当引导学生从生活中的点滴去积累,就一定能赢得一片开阔的天地,不仅学生成绩提高了,同时提高的还有他们生活质量。
总之,在英语教学尤其是阅读教学中,教师利用情境组织课堂教学,可以激发学生的灵感和想象,使学生在受到某种触动时自然而然地把思考范围拓展开去,多向散射而使思维极具活力,为英语课教学注入新的活力。这可以更好地激发学生的学习主动性,确立学生学习的主体地位,提高学习效率,培养学生交流信息和思想感情传递的能力。
参考资料:
1.中小学课堂教学模式选编[M],新世纪出版社, 2010(9).
2.《在情景教学中营造视听说三位一体的语言环境》[J], 中小学英语教学与研究, 2006
3.李吉林,《情境教学实验与实践》[J].四川教育出版社,2011(10)
【责编 张景贤】