2013年12月21日,正值周六,夜晚,杭州寒意已浓,但在青年路大华书场的门口,人头攒动的场面却让人感觉到了盛夏般的火热 —这不,每个周六之夜与大家见面的杭州笑海相声会馆又准时开演了。
让人惊讶的是,对于相声这种听起来颇老派的艺术形式而言,门口排队等候的观众大多是二十多岁的年轻人。在杭州一家会计师事务所工作的小伙子张翼告诉我,他是笑海相声的“铁杆粉丝”,每周都抽空带女朋友来听相声:“闲在家里,不如出门乐一乐,35块钱的门票相对于现在动辄好几百元的演唱会来说,实在算不得什么,而且对于我们这些‘vip会员,票价还能打折到30元,偶尔碰上笑海在网上搞团购,网购门票只要12元,还不到一顿快餐的价钱,适合我们这些小年轻。”
正说着,书场里响起了“梆梆梆”的开场声,张翼急忙结束了与我的对话,兴致勃勃地拉着女朋友入场了。
是什么力量,使传统的群众文化对年轻人产生如此大的吸引力?带着这样的好奇心,我也进门一窥这所相声会馆的究竟。
本刊特约记者戚永晔
故事:相声理想的复活
“王菲唱《传奇》在想谁?”
“哪吒!”
“怎么会是哪吒?”
“想你时你在天边,想你时你在闹海(脑海)。哪吒才闹海嘛!”
“谁才是真正的超级明星? ”
“地质学家李四光!”
“为什么?”
“你没听那三个姑娘唱? —你是电,李四光(你是光),You are my super star! ”
……
针对房价、高考、淘宝、地沟油的调侃;围绕时下风行电影、社会热点、文体名人的逗趣话,社会热点、时代亮点在哪里,他们的相声段子就写到哪里。偌大的会场,让一个个嗑瓜子、玩微信、喝大碗茶的观众,笑出了眼泪,拍红了双手。台下,除了笑声、掌声,还伴随着各种尖叫声,甚至有站起来扬着手臂欢呼的 —好像在看演唱会。
年轻,是这个相声剧社的特点。在后台,我见到了整个表演团队十来个人,除了领头儿的叶明珠,清一色“80后”,平均年龄二十六七岁。说相声的人年轻,所以,相声也很时尚。很多“80后”才懂的“包袱”以及很多时下最in的网络语、流行语,都能在他们的相声里听到。
更有意思的是,几位“台柱子”也不全是专业的相声演员,各行各业的都有:学生、生意人、白领、自由职业者。因为都爱笑、爱逗乐、爱相声,通过Q Q和论坛认识,然后一起说相声,一起表演。
“笑海”已创作出不少全新的相声节目和剧本,如《80后的记忆》《恋爱幸福》《家有喜事之90》《新白蛇传》等。从2010年7月10日第一场演出至今,已经演出300余场,场场爆棚。
“上周我还是听众,本周我是收门票的了。 ”裘佳是IT行业的一个白领,从小喜欢相声,单位联欢,他也会说两段。获悉杭州有个“笑海”,裘佳“闻着味儿就过来了”。先是在台下听了一场,觉得很带劲儿,散场了,拽住叶明珠,强烈要求加入,要拜老叶为师。当老叶还在考虑的时候,他已经把自己当成社团的一员,演出前早早到场,做起了打杂的活儿,帮着布置现场,还当起义务收票员。
当然,他们中更多的是有着“学艺渊源”的年轻新秀,比如哈尔滨市曲协理事、获得过“侯宝林金像奖”电视相声大赛奖项的李广伟;著名相声表演艺术家常宝华先生再传弟子沈超凡;浙江省曲艺杂技总团曲艺演员、著名评书表演艺术家刘兰芳再传弟子葛洁等。还有最富传奇色彩的“班长”叶明珠。
“来这儿表演的人,都是好这口(相声)的,都不是为钱而来,就是图一乐。 ”老叶说,“笑海”没赚到什么钱,算上伙食费、交通费,还亏着,是“笑海”的“笑声”,把一群心怀理想和热情的年轻人聚在了一起。
作为团里的“老大哥”、唯一的“70后”,叶明珠其实早就来到了杭州: “上学那会儿,师从济南相声、快板名家萧国光,后来还和同门师兄弟组了一个‘群星艺术团跑江湖,饿过肚子,遇过骗子,苦撑三四年,还是散了。当时以为,相声表演这条路,已经在我的人生旅程里画上句号。应该是在1999年吧,在家里的催促下结婚生子,然后来到杭州做起五金生意。 ”
经过七八年打拼,叶明珠在杭州有房有车,还有一个可爱
左图为“洋笑星”阿马尔在“笑海”表演相声。
Amar performs as a crosstalk artist with his part-ner at Laughing Sea.
右图为获得在华留学生“汉语之星”时的阿马尔。
Amar, a foreigner in China, wins the first place in Chinese Bridge competi-tion.
的儿子,衣食无忧了。可他每天仍然会练相声基本功,这早已成为一个无法戒掉的习惯。
2007年,说相声的郭德纲火遍全国。“他也是小剧场走出来的,他也说过十元钱一场的相声,他也曾只有一个观众,他只比我大几岁,他经过多年的坚持能把相声说出一番天地,为什么我不能?”
说相声的欲望再一次填满叶明珠全身每一个毛孔。于是,通过各种曲艺渠道,他召集了这批志同道合的朋友,再后来,就有了今天的“笑海相声”景象。
阿马尔 —相声会馆的“洋笑星”
“笑海”坚持走最亲近年轻人的道路。
他们有专门的QQ群:从几十人开始,慢慢变成几百人,人数达到上限了,叶明珠就去申请了可以容纳更多人的高级群,还让热心听众当起了管理员。大家在群里围绕年轻人的话题畅所欲言,几乎没有一天是不热闹的。
除了适合年轻人的廉价门票之外,他们还和团购网站合作,不定期推出更廉价的团购票,让有上网网购习惯的小伙子、小女生们享受更大的实惠。
他们还有专门的新浪微博“杭州笑海相声会馆”,申请了新浪网的vip认证,到今天已经有7600多个粉丝。在微博上,定期会有本周演出剧目的“剧透”、网友听众的互动,以及演出时的实况播报,几乎每一条都能吸引几十人回复、转发。
当然,最值得一提的还是那个通过网络结识加入的“台柱子”,被粉丝们封为“杭州版‘大山 ”的也门小伙子阿马尔。
“我出生于1978年,就是中国改革开放那一年。 ”
“1997年公派留学到山东大学中文系学语言,正是香港回归那一年。”
“后来又到天津医科大学念了8年医科,2006年硕士毕业回国。2008年夏天又申请到了读浙大的医学博士,又赶上北京开奥运会。 ”
……
听阿马尔做自我介绍,简直像听老师讲解中国改革开放30多年的历史,他哪像个外国人。旁人告诉我,阿马尔是2009年“汉语桥”在华留学生汉语大赛冠军,荣膺过“汉语之星”
排舞是浙江群众文化的一大亮点。
Line dancing enjoys popularity in Zhejiang.
称号。比赛现场,他曾当面指出主持人的地理常识错误:“主持人说黄河最终流入黄海,但我记得是流入渤海。 ”
就是这样一个“中国通”,如今已经是浙二医院的实习大夫,长着一张异国面孔,却操着一口标准的普通话对病人嘘寒问暖。业余时间,他跟着通过网络认识的叶明珠,一起在“笑海”给大家送来无数欢乐。
说起了与汉语、与相声的情缘,阿马尔回忆起18岁那年初到中国留学的样子。“第一年在山东大学学语言,我发觉汉语最难掌握的是语调,必须鹦鹉学舌。 ”于是,他自创了一种“疯狂汉语”学习法,除了成天在寝室里大声朗读,有时候在大街上听路人说到一些有意思的词汇或俗语,他立刻旁若无人地大声复述,让路人尴尬不已。“所以我现在很想向那些路人道歉,我模仿他们只是为了学汉语。 ”阿马尔说,“其实学语言最好的办法就是在生活中、实践中学习,边说边学,把身边每个人都当成老师,找他们聊天。 ”
因为曾在天津读了8年书,阿马尔的天津话说得十分地道,说起快板一套套的,这也成就了他现在在笑海表演的压轴剧目。而且相比刚刚来到杭州那会儿的窘迫样子,如今阿马尔学会了不少杭州话,表演中会时不时会冒出一两句,把杭州本地的年轻观众逗得东倒西歪。
子曰:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。 ”这句话,经常被迷恋《论语》的阿马尔挂在嘴边。他喜欢杭州、喜欢杭州的文化氛围:“如果不当医生,留在杭州说说相声、烤烤羊肉串也不错啊! ”
SPECIALS
亮点:排舞、杂技等让众人欢乐
其实,在近几年群众文化艺术迅猛发展的浙江,笑海
的故事、阿马尔的故事已经不是个例,在刚刚结束的第一
届杭州群众艺术节上,排舞大赛是吸引眼球的亮点之一。
浙江省政协委员董明告诉我,排舞是浙江群众文化的一大
亮点。如今,整个浙江跳排舞的人超过200万,每到傍晚,
无论城市还是农村,只要去广场、公园,都可以看到年龄各
异的市民在翩翩起舞,气氛热烈,路人都不知不觉被“带动
跳”。
排舞,它兼具拉丁舞的热情奔放和国标舞的优雅舞姿,集舞蹈、体操于一体,具有广泛的健身性、娱乐性和大众性,群众是这场戏的主角。浙江的群众文化建设也是如此。在浙江大地,一个个社区文化活动中心、乡镇文化站正由少到多,如今星罗棋布。
此外,正是为了让更多群众参与文化建设,去年杭州率先在全国推出“一村一宣传文化员”,解决文化服务“最后一公里”问题,2000多名热爱文艺的村级专职宣传文化员把文化的“种子”埋到基层,让大家都来当群众艺术的主角。
说到群众文化艺术的新成果、新景观,不能不夸浙江杂技的“头顶技巧”。
由浙江曲艺杂技总团有限公司出品的杂技《禅 ·武—头顶技巧》,喜获前不久落幕的中国杂技界的最高奖 —第九届全国杂技比赛金奖,为浙江杂技的编年史写下了浓墨重彩的一笔。
全国杂技比赛每两年一届,其奖项是中国杂技界的最高奖。《禅 ·武—头顶技巧》一直以来都是浙江曲杂团的保留剧目。此次参赛,剧团把单纯头倒立在梯子间的蹦跳解脱出来,改为以人体为依托,对手技巧用脚抛接头倒立。主要表现僧侣晨练习武的情景,把佛教大智、大能的情怀与少林功夫和杂技技巧相结合,该节目曾获得俄罗斯第四届世界马戏艺术节金奖和第一届、第十七届法国玛希国际马戏节节目金奖、共和国总统奖,两次冲击吉尼斯世界纪录成功并获英国吉尼斯世界纪录总部颁发的吉尼斯世界纪录证书。如此等等,奖
浙江曲艺杂技总团有限公司出品的“禅 ·武——头顶技巧”在第九届全国杂技比赛上喜摘金奖。
Acrobats from a Zhejiang troupe win a gold medal at the 9th China Acrobatic Competi-tion.
项目纷纷“落地”,全省文化事业费占财政支出的比重一直位居全国第一。正是有这样的环境,才能涌现无数如“笑海”、如阿马尔、如“头顶技巧”这样生动、典型的由平凡人唱主角的群众文化新景观。□
Grassroots Culture Thrives in Zhejiang
By Qi Yongye, our special reporter
I went to Dahua Story-Telling Theater in downtown Hangzhou
hangout, which had teetered on the verge of shutdown for a long on the last Saturday of November. It was a cold evening after a
time, there was a huge crowd of people waiting to check in. The month of sunny days. In front of the traditional entertainment
crowd here was to attend a performance by Laughing Sea, a local
牌累累。
文化艺术部门的专家指出,近几年,是浙江省群众文化艺术发展最快的一个时期,各地群众文化开展得红红火火,文化新景象、新景观层出不穷,各种文化惠民政策和文化建设
“笑海相声”为观众带来欢声笑语。 Audience respond laughingly to Laughing Sea jokes.
“笑海相声”的台柱子们
Artists of Laughing Sea in Hangzhou
troupe of crosstalk artists. And most of the waiting spectators were young people in their 20s. Zhang Yi, an employee of a local ac-
counting firm, told me that he had been a fan of Laughing Sea for
a long while. He and his girl friend often attend the weekend show. They love the crosstalk in Hangzhou style and 35 yuan per ticket is
not as expensive as five hundreds or more for a pop concert.
I watched the show and laughed. The crosstalk artists joked about blockbuster films, celebrities, housing prices, e-business and nation-al college entrance examination. Fans applauded, loudly cheering, some standing and waving their arms. I went backstage and was surprised to find the crosstalk group was composed of artists mostly in their 20s. It turns out that they are from all walks of life: busi-nesspeople, white-collar workers, students, free-lancers. They cre-ate their own scripts. Since their first show on July 10, 2010, they have staged over 300 shows. Laughing Sea welcomes new artists to join. Qiu Jia, a young man who works for a local IT company, says he was one of the audience members last week but this week he was helping checking tickets at the door. Though he had no idea whether his application could be approved, he already regarded himself as one of them. Some of the artists are professionals or disciples of famed masters, but most are amateurs like Qiu Jia.
Born in the 1970s, Ye Mingzhu, the founder and director of Laughing Sea, is the oldest member. He grew up determined to be a crosstalk artist. He even organized a crosstalk troupe and hit the road. But the group disbanded in 1999. He thought his dream was over and he should get married and settle down. He came to Hangzhou and got into hardware business. His business is good: he bought an apartment and a car and he has had a son. Though he thought he would not be able to perform as a crosstalk artist, he kept practicing. In 2007, the Beijing-based crosstalk artist Guo De-gang brought the traditional art back after years of hard work and his crosstalk became a national phenomenon. So many crosstalk artists including Ye Mingzhu suddenly found their dream rekindled. Ye chatted with some friends and set up Laughing Sea.
Nowadays, Laughing Sea has a QQ group. At first, the group had
only dozens of members. It gradually expanded to hundreds. Ye ap-plied to expand the group and nowadays, the QQ group has more members and some super fans are moderators. Every day enthusi-asts come to the social group and chat happily about almost every-thing.
In order to attract audiences, Laughing Sea now offers discount tickets for young people in collaboration with some group purchase websites. Laughing Seas certified VIP account at Sina Weibo has over 7,600 fans, much bigger than the fandoms of many newspapers and television studios at the same Weibo.
Laughing Sea is just one of the various cultural activities in Hangzhou. There are various entertainment and recreation activities in the scenic city. For example, line dance can be seen everywhere across Hangzhou in the evening. A survey indicates that over 2 mil-lion people across Zhejiang are regularly engaged in line dancing. The Hangzhou Government has taken a new measure to promote cultural events in rural areas. Nowadays, every village in Hangzhou has a cultural events instructor and there are over 2,000 instructors promoting and organizing village cultural activities across rural Hangzhou.
The past few years have witnessed the fastest growth of peoples cultural activities at grassroots level and across urban and rural communities. In response to the peoples enthusiasm, local govern-ments at all levels have adopted preferential policies to encourage activities and help build infrastructures. Zhejiang now leads China in government financial support for cultural undertakings.