徐萍 娄晓丽 陈诚
·论著·
吡格列酮对急性坏死性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺细胞凋亡的作用
徐萍 娄晓丽 陈诚
目的探讨吡格列酮在重症急性胰腺炎发病机制中与凋亡激活的关系。方法将80只SD大鼠按随机表法分为急性坏死性胰腺炎组(ANP组)、假手术组、二甲基亚砜溶剂对照组(DMSO组)、吡格列酮干预组(吡格列酮组),每组20只。采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠1 ml/kg体质量的方法制作ANP模型,吡格列酮组在造模前30 min腹腔注射吡格列酮40 mg/kg体质量。术后1、3、6、12 h分批处死大鼠,收集胰腺组织。采用常规HE染色进行胰腺组织病理评分,采用TUNEL染色方法检测大鼠胰腺细胞凋亡,免疫组化法和蛋白质印迹法检测胰腺组织PPARγ的表达变化,同时检测胰腺组织caspase 3的表达变化。结果吡格列酮干预后大鼠胰腺组织病理损伤较ANP组大鼠有所减轻,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吡格列酮组胰腺组织PPARγ表达水平为2.69±0.46,显著高于ANP组的0.75±0.05,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。吡格列酮3 h组大鼠胰腺细胞凋亡指数为8.35±0.95,显著高于同时点ANP组的4.37±1.22;caspase 3的活性为9.24±1.78,显著高于ANP组的5.04±0.86,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论吡格列酮干预后大鼠胰腺炎症减轻,PPARγ和caspase 3表达升高,胰腺细胞凋亡率升高。
胰腺炎,急性坏死性; 噻唑烷二酮类; 吡格列酮; PPARγ; 细胞凋亡
对于重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的发病特点,多数学者认为炎症反应与胰腺细胞的凋亡有着密切联系[1]。吡格列酮属噻唑烷二酮(TZDs)类化合物,为高选择性过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体γ(peroxisone proliferators activated receptors,PPARγ)激动剂,具有明显的抗炎和双向调节细胞凋亡的效应[2-3]。细胞凋亡与急性胰腺炎(AP)病程及预后密切相关,其可能发挥的有利作用为治疗SAP提供了新思路[4]。本研究应用吡格列酮干预急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠,探讨吡格列酮与胰腺细胞凋亡激活的关系。
一、动物模型建立及分组
80只健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,清洁级,鼠龄2~2.5个月,体质量160~200 g,由上海交通大学附属第一人民医院动物实验中心提供。按随机表法分为ANP组、假手术组、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)组和吡格列酮组,每组20只。采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠1 ml/kg体质量的方法制作ANP模型。假手术组只翻动胰腺并以钝器轻划胰腺3次后关腹。吡格列酮组在制模前30 min腹腔注射DMSO溶解的吡格列酮40 mg/kg体质量。DMSO组在制模前腹腔注射等容积DMSO。术后1、3、6、12 h分批处死大鼠,取胰头部组织,部分用10%中性缓冲甲醛固定,部分液氮保存。
二、指标检测
1.胰腺组织病理检查:固定的胰头部组织常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,在光镜下观察胰腺组织病理改变,每片随机选取8~10个高倍视野,采用Schimidt等[5]标准从水肿、炎症细胞浸润、出血、坏死程度4个方面进行评分, 4个评分相加为总评分。
2.胰腺组织PPARγ蛋白表达检测: 取6 h组的胰腺石蜡包埋组织,切片,采用免疫组化方法检测PPARγ蛋白表达,计数10个高倍视野,每个视野计数100个细胞,计算阳性细胞的百分率。另取冻存的胰腺组织100 μg,提取总蛋白,采用蛋白质印迹法检测PPARγ蛋白表达,以β-actin为内参,以PPARγ条带与β-actin条带灰度比值作为蛋白表达量。实验重复3次,取均值。
3.胰腺组织细胞凋亡检测:取胰腺石蜡包埋组织,切片,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。TUNEL原位检测试剂盒购自上海硕盟有限公司,按说明书操作。取10个高倍视野,每个视野计数100个细胞,计算细胞的凋亡指数。
4.胰腺组织caspase 3活性的检测:取冻存的胰腺组织,提取总蛋白,采用分光光度法检测caspase 3活性,严格按试剂盒(上海硕盟有限公司)说明书操作。实验重复3次,取均值。
三、统计学处理
一、各组胰腺组织病理学改变
假手术组大鼠胰腺组织结构清晰,大部分腺泡小叶完整,偶见炎性细胞浸润,未见间质充血、出血和腺泡细胞坏死;ANP组大鼠胰腺组织可见腺泡细胞变性、坏死,小叶结构明显破坏,小叶间质水肿,片状出血,炎性细胞浸润;吡格列酮组大鼠胰腺组织未见腺泡细胞坏死,小叶结构存在,部分间质水肿,少量炎性细胞浸润,偶见点状出血(图1)。ANP组的胰腺病理评分较假手术组及DMSO组显著增加,吡格列酮组的胰腺病理评分较ANP组显著降低,但仍显著高于假手术组和DMSO组(P值均<0.05,表1)。
二、各组胰腺组织PPARγ蛋白表达
PPARγ主要定位于胰腺腺泡细胞的胞核,出现棕色颗粒为阳性表达(图1)。假手术组、ANP组、吡格列酮组大鼠胰腺组织PPARγ表达量分别为30.19±3.01、13.28±1.53、44.06±7.55;蛋白质印迹法检测的上述各组PPARγ的表达量分别为1.34±0.09、0.75±0.05、2.69±0.46(图2)。ANP组大鼠术后胰腺PPARγ表达水平与假手术组比较差异无统计学意义,但吡格列酮组大鼠胰腺PPARγ表达水平显著高于ANP组大鼠(F=10.442,P=0.004)。
图1假手术组(上)、ANP组(中)、吡格列酮组(下)大鼠术后6 h时胰腺组织的病理改变(左,HE ×400)及PPARγ的表达(右,免疫组化 ×400)
表1 各组大鼠胰腺组织的病理评分
注:与假手术组比较,aP<0.05;与ANP组比较,bP<0.05
三、各组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡及caspase 3的活性
ANP组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡及caspase 3活性均较假手术组显著增加,吡格列酮组胰腺的细胞凋亡及caspase 3活性又均较ANP组显著增加(P值均<0.05,图3,表2、3)。
图2假手术组(1)、ANP组(2)、吡格列酮组(3)大鼠术后6 h时胰腺PPARγ的表达(蛋白质印迹法)
图3假手术组(a)、ANP组(b)、吡格列酮组(c)大鼠术后6 h时胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡(TUNEL法 ×400)
表2 各组大鼠胰腺腺泡细胞的凋亡指数
表3 各组大鼠胰腺组织caspase3的活性变化
SAP发病早期,胰腺组织常出现明显的出血坏死及炎症细胞浸润[4]。周杰等[5]研究发现,重症胰腺炎细胞主要以坏死为主,慢性胰腺炎则以凋亡的形式清除细胞。Wang等[6]研究提示,胰腺腺泡细胞的不同死亡方式在胰腺疾病的发生、发展中起着重要作用,诱导胰腺细胞凋亡可减轻胰腺炎症反应。
吡格列酮是PPARγ激动剂,可双向调节细胞凋亡,同时能够减轻炎症反应[7-10]。本研究组前期研究发现,吡格列酮干预ANP大鼠时,其通过活化caspase 3,抑制NF-κB p65表达,阻遏肺组织中性粒细胞浸润等抗炎机制从而抑制实质细胞的过度凋亡[11]。Masamune等[12]利用人胰腺腺泡细胞AR42J建立了AP细胞模型,发现吡格列酮能促进胰腺细胞的凋亡从而减轻炎症。本研究结果显示,吡格列酮干预后,大鼠胰腺组织病理评分明显下降,PPARγ表达升高,胰腺组织的凋亡明显升高,说明吡格列酮通过促进细胞凋亡,减轻胰腺组织的炎症,从而减轻胰腺组织的病理损伤。与上述研究结果一致。
邵宏伟等[13]研究发现,在急性单纯水肿性胰腺炎时极少有腺泡细胞凋亡,AP的严重程度与腺泡细胞的凋亡率在程度较轻的急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时呈正相关,而在程度较重的急性出血坏死性胰腺炎时则呈负相关。本结果显示,吡格列酮能够促进ANP大鼠胰腺细胞的凋亡,同时激活PPARγ和caspase 3,减轻胰腺的炎症反应,对ANP具有一定的保护作用。
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Effectofpioglitazoneonpancreaticapoptosisinratswithacutenecrotizingpancreatitis
XUPing,LOUXiao-li,CHENCheng.
DepartmentofGastroenterology,SongjiangBranch,ShanghaiFirstPeople′sHospital,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai201600,China
Correspondenceauthor:XUPing,Email:sjzxxp@yeah.net
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of pioglitazone on the activation of pancreatic apoptosis in the pathogenesis of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.MethodsEighty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups, including acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), sham operation (SO), solvent control (Solvent), pioglitazone intervention (pioglitazone)group, with 20 rats in each group. ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate (1ml/kg body weight) into the biliary-pancreatic duct. The rats in pioglitazone group were injected pioglitazone (40 mg/kg body weight) into the ANP abdominalcavity 30 min before mldel induction. The rats were sacrificed at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h after ANP model induction. The pancreatic tissues were harvested. Routine HE staining was used to evaluate pancreatic pathological damage. The apoptosis was determined by TUNEL method. The expression of PPARγ was determined by using immunohistochemistry and Western-blot methods. The activity of caspase3 in pancreatic tissues was detected by using spectrophotometry.ResultsThe pancreatic pathological damage was attenuated in rats in pioglitazone group compared with that in rats of ANP group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The PPARγ expression of pioglitazone group was 1.34±0.09, which was significantly higher than that in ANP group (0.75±0.05), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The apoptotic index in pioglitazone group at 3 h was 8.35±0.95, which was significantly higher than that in ANP group at 3 h (4.37±1.22); the caspase3 activity was 9.24±1.78, which was significantly higher than that in ANP group (5.04±0.86), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsPioglitazone intervention attenuates pancreatic inflammation, increases PPARγ expression and caspase3 activity and induces apoptosis in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; Thiazolidinediones; Pioglitazone; PPAR gamma; Apoptosis
2013-06-12)
(本文编辑:屠振兴)
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2013.06.010
2010年上海市自然科学基金(10ZR1427900);上海市松江区领先合作项目(2011LX01)
201600 上海,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院松江分院 松江区中心医院消化内科(徐萍、陈诚),中心实验室(娄晓丽)
徐萍, Email: sjzxxp@yeah.net