马立超
(衡水市招生办公室,河北 衡水053000)
动词不定式是初中英语教学中的重点和难点,也是各省中考必考知识点,其表现形式为“to+动词原形”,它是一种非谓语动词结构,在句子中可做主语、宾语、补语、定语。下面结合中考英语试题,对其考点进行归纳梳理,供大家参考。
(1)It's hard for us _________ English well.(2012 江西)
A.learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning
分析:动词不定式做主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It + be + adj. (修饰物)+for sb. + to do sth; It +be + adj. (修饰人)+of sb. + to do sth. It + take + sb. + some time + to do sth。 故选C。
(2)The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon.(2013 河北省)
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
(3)—Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I'd rather an hour's walk to work than consider driving?a car.(2013 湖北襄阳)
A. take B. take C. take D. taking
分析:使用不定式做宾语首先要看前边的谓语动词。 有些动词如decide、want、wish、hope、plan、expect、would like 等 后 面 只 能 用不 定式做宾语;而有些动词后加不带to 的不定式做宾语,如had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not, why don’t you 等。 故2B、3C
(4)It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children ____ down quietly.(2013 山东济南)
A.sit B.sat C.to sit D.sitting
(5)He lost his key. It made him________in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.(2013 年重庆)
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay
(6)The boy is often heard in the music room. He sings very well.(2013 齐齐哈尔)
A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing
分 析: tell,ask,want,would like,invite,allow,encourage,teach,wish,advise 等动词后面常加不定式做宾语补足语; 而使役动词(make,let,have)和感官动词(see,watch,notice,hear,feel)后则用不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语,但要注意,变被动语态时要还原to。 故4C,5D,6B。
(7)When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place . (2013 四川凉山)
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
分析: 动词不定式作后置定语, 常用于 “have+某事+to do”或“enough+名词+to do”结构中。当动词不定式作定语和修饰的名词存在动宾关系,动词若是不及物动词,需要在动词后加介词构成动宾关系。故选C。
(8)— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
—I haven’t decided where ________.(2013 山东济宁)
A. go B. went C. going D. to go
分析:考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。 由句意“-我将去哈尔滨过暑假,你呢?-我还没有决定去哪里。”decide 后可接宾语从句,也可接“疑问词+不定式”结构。 故为D。
(9)I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous. (2013 广州)
A. not to play B. to play not C. not playing D. not play
(10)You'd better __ her the surprising news now.(2013 扬州)
A. don't tell B. not tell C. won't tell D. not to tell
分析:一般情况下,动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to 前加not;但要注意由于had better 等一些动词后常接不带to 的不定式,其否定式为:had better not do sth。 故9A、10B。