周世英
请先看几道与if有关的2012年中考题:
1. We will go for a picnic if it ______ tomorrow. (2012年浙江省衢州市)
A. doesnt rain B. wasnt rainy
C. wont rain D. wasnt raining
2. If our government __________ attention to controlling food safety now,our health _________ in danger. (2012年广东省)
A. wont pay; is B. doesnt pay; is
C. wont pay; will be D. doesnt pay; will be
3. —What would you do if you _________ the traffic accident?
—I would __________.(2012年湖北省黄冈市)
A. see; do my housework first B. saw; buy some fruit right away
C. see; call at 110 at once D. saw; call the police right away
分析:第一题句意为“如果明天不下雨,我们将去野餐”。if引导的条件状语从句,要遵循“主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时”的原则,由于主语为it,要用第三人称单数,rain为实意动词,要借助助动词does来构成否定句。答案为A。第二题句意为“如果现在我们的政府不注意控制食品安全,我们的健康将会很危险”。答案为D。第三题考查if引导的虚拟条件句,即:主句使用would + 动词原形,从句使用一般过去时,再根据the traffic accident可以判断此处应该是“我会马上给警察打电话”, 答案为D。
英语中,if引导的条件状语从句历来都是各地中考命题的热点考查内容之一,掌握它的用法意义重大,不容忽视。我们可从它的结构、时态和句型转换等三个要素来进行解读:
一、if的结构要素
if表示“如果”意义,用来引导条件状语从句。if从句的位置灵活,既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后。
若从句置于主句位置,须用逗号与主句隔开。例如:
—I hear Jay Chou will come to our city. 我听说周杰伦要来我们的城市。
—Really?If he comes, Helen will be very happy because she is a big fan of him. 真的吗?如果他来的话,海伦会非常高兴,因为她是他的忠实“粉丝”。
We can walk there if we cant find a bus. 如果找不到公共汽车,我们可以步行去那儿。
二、if的时态要素
如果谈论将来可能出现的情况时,主句常用一般将来时祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,if从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。在这类句子中,从句所预见的条件是前提,前提如能实现,主句所表示的另一件事情就会发生;否则就不会发生。例如:
If it doesnt rain tomorrow, they will go to the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨,他们就去长城。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了,你可以在超市购买一些食品。
Please hand up if you have the answer to the question. 如果你知道问题的答案,请举手。
三、if的转换要素
1.借助“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”来转换。其中的and表示句意顺承,or表示转折, 意思是“否则”。例如:
If you study hard, youll succeed. = Study hard, and youll succeed. 如果你努力学习,你就会成功。
If you dont hurry up, youll be late.=Hurry up, or youll be late. 假如你不快点,你就会迟到。
2.借助介词with或without来转换。例如:
If you help me, Ill finish my work soon.=With your help, Ill finish my work soon.有你的帮助,我就能很快地完成工作。
If there is no water, the fish will die.=The fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。
3.有时,if条件状语从句还可借助动词不定式短语来转换。例如:
It will be a pity if we leave him alone at home.
= It will be a pity to leave him alone at home.把他独自留在家中将是个遗憾。
【温馨提示】
if表示“是否”意义时用来引导宾语从句,句型为:主语 + ask/know/wonder/remember等 + if宾语从句。例如:
I dont know if his father will come to Marys birthday party tonight. 我不知道今晚他父亲是否来参加玛丽的生日晚会。
He asked if we would go to Shanghai next week. 他问我们下周是否去上海。
【学以致用】
I.单项选择。
1. If there ________ no buying and selling of animals,there _________ no killing in nature.(2011年陕西省)
A. is;will be B. will be;will be
C. is;is D. will be;is
2. The students _______ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _______.(2011年四川省雅安市)
A. wont;rains B. will;rains
C. wont;will rain D. are going to;is going to rain
3. If she _______ here tomorrow,I will tell you.(2011年重庆市江津区)
A. comes B. will come
C. come D. came
4. —Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _________,well play chess instead. (2011年山东省泰安市)
A. will rain B. rained
C. is raining D. rains
5. —I hear the famous singer Xu Song may come to Ningbo next month.
—Really?_______ he comes, my younger sister will be very excited. (2011年浙江省宁波市)
A. If B. Until
C. Unless D. Before
6. —Lets go fishing if it ________ this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it _________.(2011年广东省)
A. is fine;will rain B. will be fine;rains
C. will be fine;will rain D. is fine;rains
7. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ________ our school sports meeting tomorrow?
—I think she will come to school if she ________ free.(2011年山东省滨州市)
A. will take part in;will be B. takes part in;is
C. will take part in;is D. takes part in;will be
II. 句型转换,每空一词。
1. Study harder, or you will fall behind others.
If you ______ study harder, you _______ fall behind others.
2. Tell us what to do, and well get on with it.
_______ ______ _______ us what to do, well get on with it.
3. Put on your coat, or youll catch a cold.
________ you________ put on your coat, youll catch a cold.
4. If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
_________ play basketball here,_________ you may break the windows.
Keys
I. 1~5 A A A D A 6~7 A C
II. 1. dont;will 2. If you tell 3. If;dont 4. Dont;or