谁是洛丽塔?

2013-04-29 00:44赏析/陈榕
新东方英语 2013年8期
关键词:亨伯奎尔纳博科

赏析/陈榕

弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(Vladimir Nabokov, 1899~1977)出生于俄罗斯圣彼得堡的贵族之家,十月革命后随家人流亡欧洲。他曾经在剑桥三一学院读书,毕业后在欧洲大陆当过私人教师,同时开始文学创作。1940年,纳博科夫移居美国,曾在康奈尔大学和哈佛大学等名校执教。纳博科夫有过人的语言及文学天分,虽然英语不是他的母语,但他用英语创作时却将这种语言的精致复杂表现得淋漓尽致。他的代表作有《洛丽塔》(Lolita)、《普宁》(Pnin)、《微暗的火》(Pale Fire)等。其中《洛丽塔》完成于1953年,由于内容敏感,在美国找不到出版商,1955年改由法国出版商于巴黎首次发行,1958年才终于登陆美国市场。1962年,电影大师斯坦利·库布里克(Stanley Kubrick, 1928~1999)将它搬上了银幕。1998年,《洛丽塔》入选美国兰登书屋“20世纪百佳英文小说”,排名第四。

I got out of the car and slammed its door. How matter-of-fact, how square that slam sounded in the void of the sunless day! Woof, commented the dog perfunctorily2). I pressed the bell button; it vibrated through my whole system. Personne. Je resonne. Repersonne.3) From what depth this re-nonsense? Woof, said the dog. A rush and a shuffle, and woosh-woof went the door.

Couple of inches taller. Pink-rimmed glasses. New, heaped-up hairdo, new ears. How simple! The moment, the death I had kept conjuring up4) for three years was as simple as a bit of dry wood. She was frankly and hugely pregnant. Her head looked smaller (only two seconds had passed really, but let me give them as much wooden duration as life can stand), and her pale-freckled cheeks were hollowed, and her bare shins and arms had lost their tan, so that the little hairs showed. She wore a brown, sleeveless cotton dress and sloppy5) felt slippers.

“We—e—ell!” she exhaled after a pause with all the emphasis of wonder and welcome.

“Husband at home?” I croaked, fist in pocket.

I could not kill her, of course, as some have thought. You see I loved her. It was love at first sight, at last sight, at ever and ever sight.…

Standing in the middle of the slanting room and emitting questioning “hms,” she made familiar Javanese gestures with her wrists and hands, offering me, in a brief display of humorous courtesy, to choose between a rocker and the divan6) (their bed after 10 p.m.). I say “familiar” because one day she had welcomed me with the same wrist dance to her party in Beardsley. We both sat down on the divan. Curious: although actually her looks had faded, I definitely realized, so hopelessly late in the day, how much she looked—had always looked—like Botticelli7)s russet8) Venus—the same soft nose, the same blurred beauty.…

“Lolita,” I said, “this may be neither here nor there but I have to say it. Life is very short. From here to that old car9) you know so well there is a stretch of twenty, twenty-five paces. It is a very short walk. Make those twenty-five steps. Now. Right now. Come just as you are. And we shall live happily ever after.”

Carmen, voulez-vous venir avec moi?10)

“You mean,” she said opening her eyes and raising herself slightly, the snake that may strike, “you mean you will give us [us] that money only if I go with you to a motel. Is that what you mean?”

“No,” I said, “you got it all wrong. I want you to leave your incidental Dick, and this awful hole, and come to live with me, and die with me, and everything with me” (words to that effect).

“Youre crazy,” she said, her features working.

“Think it over, Lolita. There are no strings attached. Except, perhaps—well, no matter.” (A reprieve, I wanted to say but did not.)

“Anyway, if you refuse you will still get your ... trousseau11).”

“No kidding?” asked Dolly.

I handed her an envelope with four hundred dollars in cash and a check for three thousand six hundred more.

Gingerly, uncertainly, she received mon petit cadeau12); and then her forehead became a beautiful pink. “You mean,” she said, with agonized emphasis, “you are giving us four thousand bucks?” I covered my face with my hand and broke into the hottest tears I had ever shed. I felt them winding through my fingers and down my chin, and burning me, and my nose got clogged, and I could not stop, and then she touched my wrist.

“Ill die if you touch me,” I said. “You are sure you are not coming with me? Is there no hope of your coming? Tell me only this.”

“No,” she said. “No, honey, no.”

She had never called me honey before.

“No,” she said, “it is quite out of the question. I would sooner go back to Cue13). I mean—”

She groped14) for words. I supplied them mentally (“He broke my heart. You merely broke my life”).…

She and the dog saw me off. I was surprised (this a rhetorical figure, I was not) that the sight of the old car in which she had ridden as a child and a nymphet15), left her so very indifferent. All she remarked was it was getting sort of purplish about the gills…. “One last word,” I said in my horrible careful English, “are you quite quite sure that—well, not tomorrow, of course, and not after tomorrow, but—well—some day, any day, you will not come to live with me? I will create a brand new God and thank him with piercing cries, if you give me that microscopic hope” (to that effect).

“No,” she said smiling, “no.”

“It would have made all the difference,” said Humbert Humbert.

Then I pulled out my automatic—I mean, this is the kind of fool thing a reader might suppose I did. It never even occurred to me to do it.

“Good by-aye!” she chanted, my American sweet immortal dead love; for she is dead and immortal if you are reading this. I mean, such is the formal agreement with the so-called authorities.

Then, as I drove away, I heard her shout in a vibrant voice to her Dick; and the dog started to lope alongside my car like a fat dolphin, but he was too heavy and old, and very soon gave up.

And presently I was driving through the drizzle of the dying day, with the windshield wipers in full action but unable to cope with my tears.

1. 节选部分选自小说末尾,亨伯特(Humbert)与洛丽塔(Lolita)阔别三年之后重逢,他试图让洛丽塔回到他的身边,却遭到拒绝。

2. perfunctorily [p?(r)?f??kt(?)rili] adv. 敷衍地

3. Personne. Je resonne. Repersonne.:法语,意为“没有人,我又按了一下门铃,还是没有人”。

4. conjure up:使想起,使在脑海中出现

5. sloppy [?sl?pi] adj. 邋遢的,不整洁的

6. divan [d??v?n] n. (可用作床的)长沙发椅

7. Botticelli:即桑德罗·波提切利(Sandro Botticelli, 1445~1510),欧洲文艺复兴早期的佛罗伦萨画派艺术家,代表作有《维纳斯的诞生》(La Nascita di Venere)、《春》(La Primavera)等。

8. russet [?r?s?t] adj. 黄褐色的;赤褐色的

9. that old car:指亨伯特的车,也是他带洛丽塔四处漂泊时开的车。

10. Carmen, voulez-vous venir avec moi?:法语,意为“卡门,请跟我来好吗?”这句话引自法国作家普罗斯珀·梅里美(Prosper Mérimée, 1803~1870)的小说《卡门》(Carmen)。

11. trousseau [?tru?s??] n. 嫁妆

12. mon petit cadeau:法语,意为“我的这份薄礼”。

13. Cue:指当初将洛丽塔从亨伯特身边带走的奎尔蒂。

14. grope [ɡr??p] vi. 搜寻,摸索

15. nymphet [?n?mf?t] n. 早熟的少女

作品赏析

“洛丽塔,照亮我生命的光,点燃我情欲的火。我的罪恶,我的灵魂。洛——丽——塔:舌尖接触上腭三次。洛。丽。塔。”纳博科夫的小说《洛丽塔》以此开篇,创造了一个家喻户晓的形象——洛丽塔。她是一名豆蔻年华的少女,既单纯又狡黠,无邪的青春令人惊艳。她的出现甚至带来了一个新词汇——“萝莉”,一切精灵一样的少女都是她的后人。

其实,“洛丽塔”并不是纳博科夫笔下女主人公的本名。她的真实姓名叫多洛蕾丝·黑兹(Dolores Haze),一个平凡普通的美国女孩的名字。所谓“洛丽塔”,是小说的叙述者亨伯特·亨伯特(Humbert Humbert)为她创造的名字。而读者所看到的洛丽塔也是经由他的视角和想象而被重新塑造过的少女。

《洛丽塔》的主人公亨伯特是一位中年男子,他只喜欢9~14岁的女孩。他迎娶洛丽塔的母亲,为的是能够接近未成年的洛丽塔。在洛丽塔的母亲死后,他成为洛丽塔的监护人,并趁机占有了她。为了不引起周围人对他们关系的怀疑,他带着洛丽塔四处漂泊。洛丽塔时刻想要逃跑,并最终通过剧作家奎尔蒂的帮助摆脱了亨伯特。三年后,亨伯特和洛丽塔重逢,并得知奎尔蒂对她始乱终弃。为了替洛丽塔报仇,亨伯特杀死了奎尔蒂,自己也被关进了监牢。他写下自传,回顾自己的一生,在开庭前几天病故。

在亨伯特的叙述中,洛丽塔天生是个“妖女”,小小年纪就懂得如何施展自己的魅力。亨伯特认为是洛丽塔先引诱了他,他实在无法抗拒她的美丽,因此认为自己是受害者,而不是加害者。事实上,洛丽塔只是一个普通的小姑娘,就如她的本名多洛蕾丝·黑兹一样平凡。是亨伯特用自己的想象塑造了新的洛丽塔:“我狂热地拥有的不是她,只是‘我自己的创造,另一个想象出来的洛丽塔;浮在我和洛丽塔之间,没有意志,没有思想——实际上没有属于她的生命。”古希腊神话中,塞浦路斯国王皮格马利翁爱上了自己所雕刻的雕像。和皮格马利翁一样,亨伯特爱上了自己的造物——那个在他的想象中回眸一笑百媚生的精灵。

然而,这个被亨伯特取名为洛丽塔的女孩并不是皮格马利翁手中没有温度的大理石。无论她叫做洛丽塔,还是叫做多洛蕾丝·黑兹,她都是有血有肉活生生的人,正值豆蔻年华,理应享受自由快乐的人生。亨伯特无论如何表现自己的无辜,都无法掩饰他出于一己之私占有洛丽塔的事实。在洛丽塔的母亲去世后,亨伯特威胁孤立无援的洛丽塔,如果她向警察揭发他强奸了她,他就会坐牢,而她会被送到感化院,从此再无自由。单纯的洛丽塔相信了他的话。

亨伯特侵害洛丽塔的时候,洛丽塔只有12岁。她的人生才刚刚开始,正处在懵懂无知、需要保护的年纪。亨伯特剥夺了她无忧无虑的童年,使她无法正常上学,不能和同龄人交往,居无定所,被切断了与社会的联系,只能将身体出卖给亨伯特,以换取物质上的保障。尽管叙述者亨伯特一再标榜自己对洛丽塔的深情,但他对洛丽塔的情感更多的是欲望,而不是爱情。欲望的满足不需要受到理性的监控,不需要为他人着想,关注的只是得到所欲之物。亨伯特被自己的欲望所驱使、控制,难怪无论他怎样表白,洛丽塔从来没有给过他回应。

然而,在阅读《洛丽塔》的时候,我们却发现很难不分给亨伯特一点同情。这一方面是因为亨伯特深谙叙述技巧,懂得如何引来读者的怜悯;另一方面,小说中亨伯特对洛丽塔的感情不是一成不变的,而是从欲望逐渐向爱情接近。

亨伯特的欲望对象是美少女。换言之,他是在和时间赛跑:他所迷恋的少女终将失去花季的光彩,对他不再具有吸引力。在遇到洛丽塔之前,亨伯特曾经喜欢过不少少女,每当她们长大成人,他就丧失了兴趣。可是他对洛丽塔的感情却经历了时间的考验。当他和洛丽塔分别三年后重逢时,洛丽塔已经结婚、怀孕,是个普通得不能再普通的女子,美丽不再,灵性不再。而面对洛丽塔,亨伯特发现自己的情感超越了欲望,他懂得了尊重,懂得了成全。这一次,亨伯特没有再用想象来美化洛丽塔,他接受她变“老”和变丑,也接受了她完全不爱他的事实。他将属于洛丽塔的钱交还给她,放她到自由的天地里开始新的生活。他终于学会了聆听洛丽塔的真实意愿,没有再试图将洛丽塔禁锢在他的狭小世界里。可惜领悟来得太晚,伤害已经发生。正如亨伯特设想洛丽塔要对他说的话:“他(奎尔蒂)碎了我的心,你(亨伯特)却毁了我的生活。”

亨伯特的故事看似是极端的个案,但他对洛丽塔的情感却也隐喻着人世间常常出现的无奈情境。我们或许不会像亨伯特那样恋上未成年的少女,但是我们可能会恋上某个不该恋的人。情感是不会因为我们理性的拒绝便可以不发生的,然而,爱情需要的是双方的共鸣。如果一方无心,一方有意,明智的选择应该是远远走开,默默祝福,而不是自私地占有。只有欲望才会要求百分之百的占有。强求个人情感的圆满,那并不是真正的爱情。

谁是洛丽塔?她不是亨伯特·亨伯特所形容的那个颠倒众生、将爱她之人的痴心捏在手心的小妖精。她是个不幸的女孩,曾经被她不爱的人假借爱情的名义深深地伤害。

猜你喜欢
亨伯奎尔纳博科
83岁的芭芭拉·亨伯特的梦想
The dream of 83yearoldBarbara Humbert83岁的芭芭拉·亨伯特的梦想
马奎尔四年等一回
亨伯特的创伤自我
——《洛丽塔》的叙事心理学解读
审讯
《洛丽塔》与纳博科夫的“文学性”
威尔和斯奎尔
从困惑到重生:《船讯》主人公奎尔成长历程研究
《纳博科夫短篇小说全集》国内首次结集出版
在选择中亲历死亡
——论《洛丽塔》中亨伯特的自由选择