谢奎金
一、比较对象不对等
举例:The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than in any other area of the city.
分析:在西安市中心租一套房子的费用要比在该市其他地方租房的费用高。费用与费用比较,故应在than后加上替代词that。试比较:
The cost of renting a house is higher in central Xian than in any other area of the city. (地点与地点比较。)
点拨:不同范畴的事物不可比较,故比较对象要对等。为避免重复,常借助替代词that / those替代前文中已出现过的对象。
二、比较范围不协调
举例:Canada is larger than any other country in Asia.
分析:加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都要大。加拿大不隶属于亚洲,范围界定清楚,故无需使用代词other。试比较:
Canada is the second largest country in the world.(比较范围为世界范围内。)
点拨:注意范围,排除比较对象自身与自身比较,故常借助词汇any / other / else和否定词或限定比较范围将一个对象分离于其他对象。
三、比较对象与比较等级不吻合
举例:Last year,our English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school.
分析:去年,我们英语老师被评为学校最受欢迎的老师。比较对象为三者以上,使用最高级,故将more改为most。试比较:
Till now,we have never heard a more popular song than this.(比较级用于否定句表示最高级。)
点拨:比较对象与比较等级的形式直接相关,两者比较使用比较级,三者以上比较使用最高级,和另一对象相当则使用原级。
四、比较级前程度修饰语的误用
举例:After two yearsresearch,we now have a fairly better understanding of the disease.
分析:经过两年的研究,我们对这种病有更深的理解。比较级前修饰语不能使用fairly,故将其改为far最佳。试比较:
After two years research,we now have yet to understand the disease.(yet用在have yet to 中表示“依然”,原级比较。句意:经过两年的研究,我们对这种病仍然知之甚少。)
点拨:比较级前修饰语有讲究,very / quite / fairly / so / too much等不能与比较级连用。程度较大,译作“得多”,使用any / far / much等;程度较小,译作“稍许”,使用somewhat / a bit / a little / slightly等;程度递增,译作“更”,使用even / still / ever / yet等;具体程度用数目表示,如five foot / half / twice / three times等。
● 练一练
1. —How are your recent trip to Sichuan?
—Ive never had ________ one before.
A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant
C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant
2. When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.
A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little
3. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
4. —The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why?Its ________ than the films I have ever seen.
A. far more interesting B. much less interesting
C. no more interesting D. any less interesting
5. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is ________ another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
[答案]
1. B。more pleasant构成比较级,比较级用于否定句表示最高级。
2. C。money不可数,使用little修饰,表示原级;so用于little / many前。
3. B。倍数比较使用as...as结构,倍数放在最前边。
4. A。more interesting构成比较级,far用作程度修饰语。
5. A。quite another另一回事,另当别论;rather 和much可用作程度修饰语。
编辑/梁宇清