肖朝江,周星利,韩冰洋,田新雁,孙俊哲,姜 北
大理学院药物研究所药学与化学学院,大理671000
腺花香茶菜Isodon adenantha(Diel)Hara为香茶菜属植物,多年生半木质草本,根茎呈不规则结节状;分布于云、贵、川地区;生于海拔1150~3400 m的松林、松栎林、竹林下,或林缘草地上[1]。根据文献记载,腺花香茶菜的茎叶(又称水龙胆草)具有清热解毒的功效,主治热毒疮疡;其块状根茎(又称食疙瘩、路边金)具有化湿健脾、理气止呕、解毒消肿的功效,可以治疗肠胃炎、痢疾等[2]。目前,该植物茎叶化学成分已多有研究,但其地下根茎化学成分未见研究报道。由于腺花香茶菜地下根茎有药用记载且形状与同属其它植物有显著不同,为了解该植物部位的成分组成,为活性研究提供依据,本课题对其进行了系统的化学成分研究;从其70%丙酮提取物的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为维西香茶菜甲素(weisiensin A,1)、2α-羟基齐墩果酸(2α-hydroxyloleanolic acid,2)、2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸(2α,23-dihydroxyoleanolic acid,3)、2β,3β-二-O-异丙叉基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸 (2β,3β-bis-O-isopropylidene-olean-12-en-28-acid,4)、乙酰熊果酸(3-O-acetylursolic acid,5)、1-棕榈酸单甘油酯(1-monopalmitin,6)、1-油酸单甘油酯(1-monoolein,7)、1-亚油酸单甘油酯(1-monolinolein,8)、1,2-亚油酸甘油二酯(glycerol 1,2-dilinoleate,9)、α-亚麻酸甲酯(αlinolenic acid methylester,10)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,11)、硬脂酸 (octadecanoic acid,12)、油酸 (oleic acid,13)、7α-羟基豆甾醇 (7α-hydroxystigmasterol,14)、7β-羟基谷甾醇(7β-hydroxysitosterol,15)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,16)。其中化合物 4、6 ~10 和13~15为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物2、3、5、11和12为首次从该植物中分离得到。
VG Auto Spec-3000质谱仪(电离条件为70 eV);Bruker AM-400和AvanceⅢ-600核磁共振波谱仪(TMS为内标)。柱色谱硅胶为青岛海洋化工厂产品,反相填充材料RP-18为日本Fuji公司产品。
腺花香茶菜[Isodon adenantha(Diel)Hara]地下根茎2010年7月采自云南大理苍山西坡海拔2 100米处,由中国科学院昆明植物研究所向春雷博士鉴定,植物标本(20100805-1b)存放于大理学院药学与化学学院姜北教授研究组。
腺花香茶菜干燥根茎17.0 kg,粉碎后用70%丙酮冷浸提取8次,减压浓缩得总浸膏后用适量水混悬,再依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇分配数次;得相应部位萃取物。乙酸乙酯萃取物(200 g)以适量粗硅胶(80~100目)拌样后经200~300目硅胶柱色谱,氯仿-丙酮混合溶剂(1∶0,9∶1,8∶2,7∶3,6∶4,5∶5,0∶1)梯度洗脱,在 TLC 的检测下合并相同组分得7个组分(A~G)。A组分经经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯10∶1 至1∶1、石油醚-乙酸乙酯30∶1、环己烷-异丙醇 10∶1、纯石油醚、氯仿-丙酮 10∶1)和反相RP-18(甲醇-水)柱色谱,得到化合物16(1 250 mg)、15(25 mg)、13(100 mg)、5(200 mg)、10(60 mg)、11(100 mg)和14(5 mg)。C组分经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-丙酮4∶1、石油醚-乙酸乙酯7∶1、石油醚-乙酸乙酯3∶2)和反相 RP-18柱色谱(甲醇-水),得到化合物 7(300 mg)、8(40 mg)、6(20 mg)、2(2 mg)和9(15 mg)。D组分经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯 1∶1、石油醚-乙酸乙酯 10∶1、石油醚-乙酸乙酯9∶2、石油醚-乙酸乙酯3∶1)和反相 RP-18柱色谱(甲醇-水),得到化合物 3(4 mg)、12(3 mg)、4(5 mg)和1(10 mg)。
化合物1 无色片晶(甲醇);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.77(1H,brs,H-17a),5.67(1H,d,J=3.7 Hz,H-11α),5.14(1H,brs,H-17b),5.11(1H,dd,J=11.4,4.2 Hz,H-1β),4.98(1H,d,J=3.4 Hz,H-7α),3.96(1H,brs,H-6β),3.48(1H,brs,H-3α),3.00(1H,brs,H-13α),2.85 and 1.64(各1H,brd,J=12.7 Hz,H2-14),2.25(1H,s,H-9β),2.22,2.04 and 1.79(各 3H,s,3 × -OAc),1.59(3H,s,Me-20),1.25(3H,s,Me-19),0.97(3H,s,Me-18);13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:79.7(C-1),31.9(C-2),76.5(C-3),37.8(C-4),41.0(C-5),69.6(C-6),74.3(C-7),48.2(C-8),54.3(C-9),42.7(C-10),69.7(C-11),38.2(C-12),36.5(C-13),35.9(C-14),205.0(C-15),149.9(C-16),112.4(C-17),28.4(C-18),24.2(C-19),15.6(C-20),170.9(-OAc),170.6(-OAc),169.4(-OAc),21.8(-OAc),21.4(-OAc),21.3(-OAc)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[3],并经 HSQC、HMBC、COSY、ROESY二维谱图中的相关耦合信息确证,故鉴定化合物1为维西香茶菜甲素。
化合物2 白色粉末(石油醚-乙酸乙酯);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.22(1H,brs,H-12),3.59(1H,brt,J=9.0 Hz,H-2β),3.30(1H,brs,H-3α),2.89(1H,brd,J=9.3 Hz,H-18β),1.07,0.95,0.91,0.87,0.84,0.74,0.71(各 3H,s,7 ×Me);13C NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:46.0(C-1),68.5(C-2),83.4(C-3),39.2(C-4),55.2(C-5),18.3(C-6),32.5(C-7),39.2(C-8),41.1(C-9),38.1(C-10),23.0(C-11),122.0(C-12),143.9(C-13),41.7(C-14),27.5(C-15),23.3(C-16),46.3(C-17),41.1(C-18),45.8(C-19),30.6(C-20),33.0(C-21),32.5(C-22),28.5(C-23),16.8(C-24),16.5(C-25),16.7(C-26),25.8(C-27),180.8(C-28),33.0(C-29),23.5(C-30)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[4],故鉴定化合物2为2α-羟基齐墩果酸。
化合物3 无色针晶(丙酮);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.21(1H,brs,H-12),3.82(1H,brd,J=11.0 Hz,H-2β),3.53(1H,brs,H-3α),3.45(1H,brd,J=11.5 Hz,H-23a),3.35(1H,brd,J=11.4 Hz,H-23b),2.76(1H,brd,J=10.3 Hz,H-18β),1.09,0.92,0.86,0.83,0.71,0.66(各 3H,s,6 × Me);13C NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:45.8(C-1),66.1(C-2),78.1(C-3),39.2(C-4),47.1(C-5),17.8(C-6),32.4(C-7),39.2(C-8),42.2(C-9),37.8(C-10),22.9(C-11),121.9(C-12),144.1(C-13),41.7(C-14),27.5(C-15),23.3(C-16),46.3(C-17),41.1(C-18),40.9(C-19),30.6(C-20),33.7(C-21),32.0(C-22),70.7(C-23),17.1(C-24),16.6(C-25),16.7(C-26),25.9(C-27),180.7(C-28),33.0(C-29),23.5(C-30)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[5],故鉴定化合物3为2α,23-二羟基齐墩果酸。
化合物4 无色簇晶(丙酮);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.29(1H,brs,H-12),4.17(1H,brt,J=4.7 Hz,H-2α),3.69(1H,d,J=4.1 Hz,H-3α),2.82(1H,brd,J=10.0 Hz,H-18β),1.47(3H,s,Me-2'),1.32(3H,s,Me-3'),1.14,1.07,0.92,0.89,0.89,0.87,0.72(各 3H,s,7 × Me);13C NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz)δ:42.3(C-1),72.0(C-2),83.0(C-3),38.2(C-4),49.7(C-5),18.4(C-6),33.2(C-7),39.5(C-8),47.1(C-9),35.6(C-10),23.1(C-11),122.8(C-12),143.6(C-13),42.5(C-14),27.7(C-15),23.4(C-16),46.7(C-17),41.1(C-18),46.0(C-19),30.8(C-20),33.9(C-21),32.6(C-22),29.0(C-23),23.7(C-24),15.6(C-25),17.1(C-26),26.1(C-27),183.1(C-28),33.2(C-29),28.5(C-30),107.2(C-1'),26.7(C-2'),24.0(C-3')。参考文献报道[6,7],鉴定化合物 4 为 2β,3β-二-O-异丙叉基-齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸。
化合物5 无色方晶(石油醚-乙酸乙酯);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.23(1H,m,H-12),4.52(1H,dd,J=9.9,5.2 Hz,H-3),2.19(3H,s,Me-2'),1.30,1.07,0.96,0.95,0.94,0.85,0.76(各 3H,7 × Me);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:37.6(C-1),23.9(C-2),80.6(C-3),37.6(C-4),55.2(C-5),18.5(C-6),36.6(C-7),39.4(C-8),47.3(C-9),36.8(C-10),23.5(C-11),125.7(C-12),137.8(C-13),41.8(C-14),28.0(C-15),24.9(C-16),47.9(C-17),52.4(C-18),38.9(C-19),38.9(C-20),31.1(C-21),37.6(C-22),28.0(C-23),17.0(C-24),15.5(C-25),16.7(C-26),23.5(C-27),183.9(C-28),16.9(C-29),22.4(C-30),173.0(C-1'),21.2(C-2')。在 TLC 上多种溶剂系统分别展开时化合物5与乙酰熊果酸对照品Rf值及斑点颜色均一致,故鉴定化合物5为乙酰熊果酸。
化合物6 C19H38O4,无色簇晶(甲醇);EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):331[M+H]+(5),299(41),257(41),239(85),134(70),98(92),57(100);1H NMR(MeOD,400 MHz)δ:4.15(1H,dd,J=11.3,4.3 Hz,H-1'a),4.05(1H,dd,J=11.3,6.2 Hz,H-1'b),3.84(1H,m,H-2'),3.55(1H,d,J=5.7 Hz,H-3'a),3.30(1H,d,J=5.7 Hz,H-3'b),2.35(2H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H2-2),1.61(2H,brs,H2-3),1.28(16H,brs,12 ×-CH2),0.89(3H,t,J=6.2 Hz,Me-16);13C NMR(MeOD,100 MHz)δ:175.7(C-1),35.1(C-2),33.1(C-3),30.8 ~ 30.2(11×-CH2),23.8(C-15),14.7(C-16),66.5(C-1'),71.1(C-2'),64.1(C-3')。在TLC上多种溶剂系统分别展开时化合物6与1-棕榈酸单甘油酯对照品Rf值及斑点颜色均一致,故鉴定化合物6为1-棕榈酸单甘油酯。
化合物7 C21H40O4,白色簇晶(甲醇);EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):357[M+H]+(20),356[M]+(10),338(20),299(19),264(32),257(21),239(55),222(8),137(10),134(40),112(30),98(72),83(56),69(69),57(92),55(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.35(2H,t,J=5.6 Hz,H-9,10),4.18(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-1'a),4.13(1H,dd,J=11.6,4.8 Hz,H-1'b),3.92(1H,brt,J=4.6 Hz,H-2'),3.69(1H,dd,J=11.6,3.8 Hz,H-3'a),3.59(1H,dd,J=11.5,5.8 Hz,H-3'b),2.34(2H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H2-2),2.00(4H,brd,J=5.6 Hz,H2-8,11),1.61(2H,brt,J=6.4 Hz,H2-3),1.29 ~ 1.24(20H,brs,10 ×-CH2),0.84(3H,t,J=6.2 Hz,Me-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.4(C-1),34.1(C-2),24.9(C-3),29.7 ~ 29.1(10 ×-CH2),130.0(C-9),129.7(C-10),31.9(C-16),22.7(C-17),14.1(C-18),65.1(C-1'),70.2(C-2'),63.3(C-3')。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[8],故鉴定化合物7为1-油酸单甘油酯。
化合物8 C21H38O4,无色油状物;EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):354 [M]+(8),262(71),55(100);1H NMR(MeOD,400 MHz)δ:5.38(4H,overlap,H-9,10,12,13),4.14(1H,dd,J=11.3,4.4 Hz,H-1'a),4.05(1H,dd,J=11.3,4.4 Hz,H-1'b),3.81(1H,brt,J=5.3 Hz,H-2'),3.54(2H,d,J=5.3 Hz,H-3'),2.78(2H,m,H2-11),2.34(2H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H2-2),2.04(4H,m,H2-8,14),1.61(2H,brs,H2-3),1.32 ~ 1.28(14H,brs,7 ×-CH2),0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,Me-18);13C NMR(MeOD,100 MHz)δ:175.5(C-1),34.9(C-2),30.7 ~25.9(11 ×-CH2),130.9(C-9),129.1(C-10),129.0(C-12),130.9(C-13),14.4(C-18),66.5(C-1'),71.1(C-2'),64.0(C-3')。在 TLC 上多种溶剂系统分别展开时化合物8与1-亚油酸单甘油酯对照品Rf值及斑点颜色均一致,故鉴定化合物8为1-亚油酸单甘油酯。
化合物9 C39H68O5,无色油状物;EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):337(7),277(11),255(39),229(15),181(18),155(37),135(35),109(50),95(47),83(82),81(79),69(62),67(65),57(98),55(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.59,5.57,5.51 and 5.46(8H,m,H-9',10',12',13',9'',10'',12'',13''),4.24(1H,m,H-2),4.14(2H,brt,J=4.4 Hz,H2-1),3.69(1H,dd,J=11.3,2.9 Hz,H-3a),3.59(1H,dd,J=11.3,2.9 Hz,H-3b),2.90(2H,brs,H2-11'),2.78(2H,brs,H2-11''),2.33(4H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H2-2',2''),2.04(8H,brt,J=6.7 Hz,H2-8',14',8'',14''),1.61(4H,brs,H2-3',3''),1.29 ~ 1.24(28H,brs,14 ×-CH2),0.86(6H,t,J=6.5 Hz,Me-18',18'');13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:65.1(C-1),70.2(C-2),63.3(C-3),174.3(C-1'),174.2(C-1''),34.1(C-2',2''),24.7(C-3',3''),29.2 ~ 28.6(16 ×-CH2),134.5(C-9'),134.3(C-9''),127.9(C-10'),127.7(C-10''),127.3(C-12'),127.2(C-12''),134.1(C-13'),133.9(C-13''),31.4(C-16',16''),22.5(C-17',17''),14.0(C-18',18'')。参考文献报道[9,10],鉴定化合物 9 为 1,2-亚油酸甘油二酯。
化合物10 C19H32O2,无色油状物;EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):293 [M+H]+(41),263(12),237(8),185(15),165(8),151(18),137(21),123(25),109(43),95(62),83(66),81(91),69(63),57(87),55(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.34(6H,m,H-9,10,12,13,15,16),3.65(3H,s,-OCH3),2.75(4H,brt,J=6.5 Hz,H2-11,14),2.28(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H2-2),2.02(4H,m,H2-8,17),1.59(2H,brt,J=6.5 Hz,H2-3),1.28~1.24(8H,brs,4 ×-CH2),0.84(3H,t,J=6.9 Hz,Me-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:174.4(C-1),34.1(C-2),31.9 ~22.6(9 ×-CH2),130.0(C-9),127.8(C-10),129.9(C-12),129.6(C-13),128.0(C-15),130.1(C-16),14.1(C-18),51.3(-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[11],故鉴定化合物10为α-亚麻酸甲酯。
化合物11 C16H32O2,无色片晶(甲醇);EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):256 [M]+(55),213(18),199(5),185(7),171(8),157(8),129(28),97(18),83(30),73(91),69(52),60(92),55(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:2.34(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H2-2),1.62(2H,brt,J=7.3 Hz,H2-3),1.30 ~1.25(24H,brs,12 × -CH2),0.88(3H,t,J=6.5 Hz,Me-16);13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:180.4(C-1),34.1(C-2),24.9(C-3),29.7 ~29.0(10 × -CH2),31.9(C-14),22.7(C-15),14.1(C-16)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[12],故鉴定化合物11为棕榈酸。
化合物12 C18H36O2,白色粉末(石油醚-乙酸乙酯);EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):284[M]+(1);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:2.35(2H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H2-2),1.63(2H,brt,J=7.0 Hz,H2-3),1.30~1.25(28H,brs,14 × -CH2),0.88(3H,t,J=6.4 Hz,Me-18);13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:179.0(C-1),34.0(C-2),24.9(C-3),31.2 ~ 29.3(12×-CH2),32.1(C-16),22.9(C-17),14.1(C-18)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[13],故鉴定化合物12为硬脂酸。
化合物13 C18H34O2,白色油脂状固体;EI-MSm/z(rel.int.%):282 [M]+(1),264(6),239(11),236(8),223(7),167(12),60(25),55(100);1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.34(2H,brs,H-9,10),2.35(2H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H2-2),2.00(4H,m,H2-8,11),1.62(2H,brt,J=6.5 Hz,H2-3),1.30 ~1.25(20H,brs,10 × -CH2),0.88(3H,t,J=5.8 Hz,Me-18)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[14],故鉴定化合物13为油酸。
化合物14 无色针晶(丙酮);1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:5.60(1H,d,J=5.1 Hz,H-6),5.16(1H,dd,J=8.6,15.1 Hz,H-22),5.02(1H,dd,J=8.6,15.1 Hz,H-23),3.85(1H,brs,H-7),3.59(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,s,Me-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,Me-21),0.86(3H,overlap,Me-26),0.84(3H,overlap,Me-29),0.80(3H,overlap,Me-27),0.68(3H,s,Me-18)。13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:37.0(C-1),31.4(C-2),71.3(C-3),42.0(C-4),146.2(C-5),123.8(C-6),65.3(C-7),37.5(C-8),42.2(C-9),37.4(C-10),23.1(C-11),39.2(C-12),42.3(C-13),49.4(C-14),24.3(C-15),29.7(C-16),55.7(C-17),11.6(C-18),19.0(C-19),40.4(C-20),18.2(C-21),138.2(C-22),129.4(C-23),51.2(C-24),31.9(C-25),20.2(C-26),21.1(C-27),25.4(C-28),11.9(C-29)。在TLC上多种溶剂系统分别展开时化合物14与7α-羟基豆甾醇对照品Rf值及斑点颜色均一致,故鉴定化合物14为7α-羟基豆甾醇。
化合物15 白色粉末(甲醇);1H NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:5.24(1H,brs,H-6),3.74(1H,brd,J=8.0 Hz,H-7α),3.42(1H,m,H-3α),1.07(3H,s,Me-19),0.95(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,Me-21),0.86(3H,t,J=9.0 Hz,Me-29),0.85(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,Me-26),0.83(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,Me-27),0.72(3H,s,Me-18);13C NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:38.2(C-1),32.5(C-2),72.1(C-3),42.5(C-4),144.0(C-5),127.4(C-6),73.7(C-7),41.2(C-8),50.0(C-9),37.5(C-10),22.2(C-11),41.1(C-12),44.0(C-13),56.8(C-14),27.1(C-15),29.5(C-16),57.7(C-17),12.3(C-18),19.4(C-19),37.4(C-20),19.4(C-21),35.1(C-22),27.3(C-23),47.2(C-24),30.3(C-25),20.2(C-26),20.2(C-27),24.1(C-28),12.3(C-29)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[15],故鉴定化合物15为7β-羟基谷甾醇。
化合物16 无色针晶(丙酮);在TLC上多种溶剂系统分别展开时化合物16与β-谷甾醇对照品Rf值及斑点颜色均一致,故鉴定化合物16为β-谷甾醇。
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