绵延七十年的跨国情缘

巫少飞 胡晨敏

8月，是中国人民抗日战争、也是全世界人民反法西斯战争胜利之纪念。70年前的1942年，美军杜立特行动后的中国营救活动，为此后的中美民间友好往来不断续写新的篇章。

受邀赴美

2012年5月2日晚上，郑伟勇翻出了他从美国带回来的各种纪念品及资料—就在两天前，他还身处异乡和一些有着共同关注点的美国人为了70年前那场惊心动魄的杜立特行动，交流资料，切磋体会，感受感动。

郑伟勇是一名普通的浙江衢州人，从小着迷历史，中学时代看了一本介绍杜立特行动的书，就开始对它产生浓厚兴趣。大学毕业工作后，他利用闲暇时间致力于这段历史的史料收集与研究。

他到过4个省，驱车8000多公里；他到过7架杜立特行动的飞机坠毁地点；他曾在2架飞机坠毁点找到飞机残骸；他到过30多位杜立特轰炸者降落的村庄……10多年来，郑伟勇寻访、考证，积累了300多万字的史实资料与1000多张图片，梳理了轰炸东京的16架飞机坠毁点，80名飞行员降落点，以及大量参与营救美国飞行员的中国人名单。

他通过互联网、书信与杜立特轰炸者协会以及幸存者保持联系，他甚至通过把12号机飞机残片寄往美国，让正在病中的12号机机长威廉·鲍尔得到慰藉。

鉴于郑伟勇为研究杜立特行动所做的突出贡献，杜立特轰炸者协会于去年年底发出邀请，请他参加“杜立特行动70周年”纪念活动。

处处是纪念

2012年4月16日下午，郑伟勇到达美国俄亥俄州的代顿机场。未曾谋面的老朋友、杜立特轰炸者协会主任托马斯·凯西热情地邀请郑伟勇坐上他的车，一同前往希望酒店。

一进酒店，5名杜立特轰炸者照片就映入了郑伟勇眼帘。他们是：理查德·E·科尔、大卫·J·撒切尔、托马斯·卡森?格里芬、爱德华·约瑟夫·塞勒、罗伯特·L·海特。他们是杜立特行动仍然在世的成员，曾一起签名感谢郑伟勇所做的研究工作。郑伟勇说，只有罗伯特·L·海特因身体原因不能参加这次纪念活动。

“美国人对参与轰炸东京的飞行员都很尊重。”郑伟勇回忆，4月19日，杜立特轰炸者协会受俄亥俄州厄巴纳航空俱乐部邀请，前往参加早餐会。路上，警车开道。所经之处，民众车辆停下，厄巴纳市民自发地站在路边为他们一行人摇旗、鼓掌、欢呼。回程的路上亦是如此。“美国民众对‘二战老兵的尊重让我深受感动。”郑伟勇说。

当年参加杜立特行动的有80名飞行员。杜立特轰炸者协会有一个折叠柜，这个柜子被分成了80个格子，每个格子里放着一只银质的酒杯，每只酒杯上刻着一名飞行员的名字。其中，75只酒杯倒扣，5只酒杯正立，意味着行动亲历者现在只有5人还在世。柜子前放着一瓶行动指挥者詹姆斯·哈罗德·杜立特中校出生那年（1896年）生产的Hennessy葡萄酒。“等到正立着的酒杯还剩两只的时候，那两名活到最后的飞行员就可以把这瓶酒打开，开怀畅饮。”郑伟勇说，这个柜子跟着协会四处展览，见到它的人无一不唏嘘感慨。

感受烽火岁月

4月17日一早，郑伟勇一人先去博物馆。一出门，他就遇到了坐在轮椅上的9号机领航员托马斯·卡森·格里芬。两人都对彼此的出现感到惊喜。尽管语言交流并不是很通畅，两人还是紧紧靠在一起，拍下了珍贵的照片。

博物馆草坪上陈列着20架与当年执行杜立特行动同一型号的B—25轰炸机。除了郑伟勇，现场还有很多美国的航空爱好者、普通市民正在参观。一听说郑伟勇来自中国，马上有人带着他爬上了轰炸机，进入内部参观。

一样的发动机，一样的舱内设施，郑伟勇坐在机舱内，仿佛看到了当初那段惊心动魄的历史画卷。“以前只能通过资料，通过自己的想象去感受那次行动，这回是真的有了接触。”关于杜立特行动，郑伟勇心中有了一个更为立体的概念。

4月18日，“杜立特行动70周年”纪念活动在俄亥俄州代顿美国空军国家博物馆举行。郑伟勇参加了系列活动，有B—25轰炸机飞行表演、电影《东京上空30秒》播放以及演讲、签名等。

演讲感动美国朋友

郑伟勇此番前往美国，带了不少中国方面关于杜立特行动的研究书籍、对外交流资料和衢州风光画册。他把这些书分别赠给了空军博物馆、厄巴纳大学和辛迪（1号机副驾驶员理查德·E·科尔的女儿，杜立特行动研究专家）。而郑伟勇也收获了不少以前未见过的珍贵资料。

15号机机械师兼投弹手爱德华·约瑟夫·塞勒专门委托郑伟勇帮助寻找当年救他的“游富安”（音）。老人写下“U、FU、AN”后说：“当年救我的这位中国人约十四五岁，个子不高，在浙江。”

5月2日晚上，回到衢州的郑伟勇打开电子邮箱，一封来自美国的邮件已经在他的收件箱里。发信人名叫博·博纳特，他的叔叔是80名参与轰炸东京的飞行员之一，他正在写关于杜立特行动的书。电子邮件说，4月20日，郑伟勇在空军博物馆的演讲让他深信，这位来自中国的年轻人绝对有能力帮助他。

原来，在那天的中餐会上，郑伟勇做了一场生动的演讲，介绍了他在中国所做的关于杜立特行动的研究成果。15分钟的演讲结束，全场掌声雷动。之后，每个遇见郑伟勇的人都称赞：“我太喜欢你的演讲了。”这些人中就有博·博纳特。

郑伟勇在演讲中提及：“在那些风雨黑夜，当普通中国民众知道从天而降的杜立特轰炸者是美国盟军时，就立即尽全力为他们提供一切帮助。虽然当时中国民众自己也生活在困苦和危险之中。他们帮助美国飞行员转移到安全的地方，躲开日军的搜捕，为他们治伤，给他们提供食宿和衣服。有的中国人还为之献出了生命。有的整个村庄的人都因此被日军杀害……”

许多美国人听了郑伟勇的演讲后，表示这是第一次听到来自中国百姓对此事的论述声音。他们懂得记得中国人民的仁爱善良：“我父亲（查尔斯·奥扎克，杜立特行动参与者，已逝世）所接受的慷慨帮助别人的教育已经传承到他的孩子们身上……”一位美国朋友说。

延续合作和友谊

与郑伟勇同期赴美的除浙江省人民对外友好协会相关人士外，还有衢州江山的廖明发和绍兴的贺绍英两位年过七旬的老人——老人的父亲都曾营救过杜立特行动中的美国大兵。

“杜立特行动是见证中美友谊的一个历史事件，是中美成功合作的范例，我们要把这种合作和友谊延续下去。”在郑伟勇发表他广受欢迎的演讲之前，中国驻美国大使馆参赞查立友表扬了郑伟勇所做的研究工作，希望他早日把自己的研究成果写成书，并叮嘱他将中美之间这种友好交流延续下去，延伸开来。

“我这次最大的心得就是交流了很多资料，并交了很多朋友。”郑伟勇记着査立友的叮嘱，将带回来的资料一一保存好。在美国接触到的大量信息，他还需要时间好好消化，然后慢慢糅合，让他的杜立特行动研究更加深入、完整、饱满。

“战争是残酷的，而当年结下的友情现在还在温暖着我们。战争年代开启的中美民间交往一直延续到现在。这友谊应该——我想也会——在新一代人身上得到延续。”郑伟勇在代顿的美国空军国家博物馆的声音还在回荡……□

（本文照片由作者提供）

新闻链接：1942年4月18日，为还击日本偷袭珍珠港，美军16架战机轰炸了东京等几座城市，史称杜立特行动。行动结束，有15架飞机飞往中国，大都迫降或坠毁在以浙江衢州为中心的地区。美军人员得到中国百姓营救、安置，后安全回国；牺牲者被妥善安葬。

Seventy Years of Friendship

By Wu Shaofei, Hu Chenmin

The brave and breathtaking rescue of Doolittle Raiders carried out by Chinese people and army in Quzhou, southern Zhejiang in 1942 is a big chapter in the history of people-to-people friendship between China and America.

Zheng Weiyong, an ordinary citizen of Quzhou, first read about the 1942 rescue while he was in middle school. After college graduation, he began to study the rescue history and collect objects more seriously. He has traveled 8,000 kilometers through four provinces associated with the rescue and visited seven places where American bombers crash-landed. On the two spots, he found wreckages of the bombers. He visited villages that took in more than 30 Doolittle Raiders.

Over the past 10 years and more, Zheng Weiyong has collected objects and documents of more than 3 million words and more than 1,000 photographs. He sorted out the spots where 16 bombers crash-landed and 80 Doolittle Raiders landed. He has also put together a list of Chinese people who took part in the rescue operation.

He has kept in touch with the Doolittle Raiders Association and some raiders personally through letters and emails.

Zheng Weiyong received an invitation to participate the memorial events that would mark the 70th anniversary of the 1942 Doolittle Raid to be held in Ohio, USA. The invitation from the Doolittle Raiders was an expression of appreciation of Zhengs contribution to the study of the rescue history.

Zheng Weiyong arrived at Dayton Airport on the afternoon of April 16, 2012. He came with a delegation of Zhejiang province to honor the 70th anniversary. The delegation included Liao Mingfa from Jiangshan, Quzhou in southern Zhejiang and He Shaoying from Shaoxing, in eastern Zhejiang. Both were in their 70s and their fathers rescued Doolittle Raiders. As soon as the Zhejiang delegation stepped into the hotel, they say the pictures of the 5 survivors of the 80 raiders: Lt. Col. Richard Cole, Maj. Thomas Griffin, Lt. Col. Robert Hite, Lt. Col. Edward Saylor and Master Sgt. David Thatcher. They are now in their 90s. Zheng Weiyong said the five once wrote him a letter expressing their appreciation of his research of the rescue history.

Doolittle Raiders Association has a folding display cabinet. Inside the cabinet are 80 small cubicles, each for each of the 80 raiders. Inside each cubicle is a silver goblet. Each goblet has a name engraved. 75 goblets are placed upside-down but the heroes names can be read in the right way because each name is engraved twice. The five goblets still stand for five still alive: their names can be read right-side-up. In front of the cabinet is a bottle of Hennessy produced in 1896 the birth year of General Doolittle.

Zheng Weiyong explains that the cabinet has been exhibited in many places. People find it awe-inspiring.

Four days of celebration were planned April 17 through 20 at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force near Dayton.

On the early morning of April 17, Zheng went to the museum alone. He ran into Thomas Griffin in wheelchair. They recognized each other. They shook hands. On the lawn of the museum were 20 B-25 bombers, used by Doolittle Raiders in 1942. When people learned that Zheng was from China, someone immediately offered to take Zheng into a bomber for a tour. Zheng Weiyong had a historical moment. Looking at things inside the bomber, Zheng felt as if he had been back to 70 years ago.

On April 18, a series of commemorative events were held at the museum. Zheng Weiyong participated. At the lunch of April 20, Zheng gave a 15-minute talk about his research on Doolittle Raiders. There was long applause after the speech. Zheng mentioned in the talk that Chinese people did they could to help the Americans, giving food and clothing and medical help, providing shelters and rushing them to safety. Angered by the rescue, Japanese invaders retaliated and, in some villages, they killed all the residents for helping Doolittle Raiders.

Many among the audience remarked that it was the first time they had heard an account from an ordinary Chinese citizen.

Before the talk, Zheng Weiyong met with Zha Liyou, a diplomatic official of Chinese Embassy to the United States. Zha praised Zheng for his outstanding research and hoped Zheng would write a book on the big rescue to best promote the people-to-people friendship between China and America for future generations.

Looking back at his visit to America, Zheng Weiyong says that the biggest gain of the visit is that he has made many friends and received a new collection of information from America. He will spend time reading, digesting .□