移 植

句子：我国某大学在校庆前夕将移植牛顿苹果树的枝条到其校园。

误译：On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would transplant a few branches of Newtons apple trees on its campus.

正译：On the eve of its school anniversary, a university of our country would have a few branches of Newtons apple trees transplanted on its campus.

解释：to transplant 的意思是to move a growing plant and plant it somewhere else，即“移植”。原译文中的university做主语，transplant做谓语，会使人把university当成移植的实际操作者。事实上，该university 只是移植的策划者和指挥者。为避免歧义，最好用 to have sth done 句型。

“移植”的第一个意思是“将秧苗或树木移到别处栽种”，或称“移栽”。英语可以译为 to transplant。例如：1. 农场工人正在往稻田移栽秧苗。The farm workers are transplanting rice seedlings into the paddy fields. 2. 这个植物园里有各种各样从国外移植来的花木。In this botanical garden, there are varieties of flowers and trees transplanted from overseas.

“移植”的第二个意思是“将机体的某组织或某器官移到同一机体或另一机体的有缺陷部位”。英语动词可以译为 to transplant, to graft；名词可以译为 transplant, transplanting, grafting。例如：3. 这些外科医生已成功地给这个四岁孩子移植了肝脏。The surgeons have successfully transplanted a liver into the four-year-old child.

“移植”的第三个意思是比喻“引进别处的成果或经验”。英语可以译为 to transplant。例如：4. 近几十年来，京剧从各种地方戏曲移植了不少优秀剧目。Over the last few decades, many excellent repertoires have been transplanted from various local operas into Beijing Opera. ▲

（本栏目供稿：王逢鑫教授）