厚蜂窝菌的化学成分研究

2012-01-25 18:12杜子伟刘劲松吴培云何其伟
中成药 2012年7期
关键词:柱层析麦角波谱

杜子伟, 刘劲松, 吴培云, 何其伟, 项 晨, 王 刚

(安徽中医学院药学院现代中药安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031)

厚蜂窝菌Hexagonia speciosa为多孔菌科Polyporaceae蜂窝菌属Hexagonia高等真菌,菌盖扇形至贝壳型,淡黄褐色,菌肉淡黄色,薄,无味道,生于阔叶树的腐木上,主要分布于广东、云南等地[1]。蒋孟圆曾从该种真菌发酵液中共分离得到28个不同化合物,其中21个为新化合物。这些新化合物都是高度氧化的环乙烷类化合物,其中化合物speciosin B显示有显著的细胞毒活性[2-3]。为了进一步研究厚蜂窝菌的化学成分,本实验通过改变厚蜂窝菌的发酵条件,对其发酵液进行了系统的化学成分研究,从其乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到11个已知化合物,经波谱解析分别鉴定为:角鲨烯 (1)、9(Z)-十八烷烯酸 (2)、麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮 (3)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇 (4)、过氧麦角甾醇 (5)、麦角甾-6β-甲氧基-7,22-二烯-3β,5α-二醇 (6)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇 (7)、8,14-环氧麦角甾-4,22-二烯-3,6-二酮 (8)、麦角甾-3β,5α,9α-三羟基-7,22-二烯-6-酮 (9)、2,2-二甲基-1-苯并吡喃-6-醇 (10)、2-呋喃甲酸 (11)。

1 仪器与材料

四川大学科学仪器厂生产的XRC—1型显微熔点仪,温度计未校正;VG AutoSpec—3000质谱仪;Bruker AV—400和DRX—500核磁共振仪,内标为TMS,其中1H NMR在400 MHz和500 MHz下测定,13C NMR在100 MHz和125 MHz下测定;分析型和制备型HPLC为Agilent 1100 HPLC,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18和YMC柱;柱层析硅胶(80~100目和200~300目)以及GF254薄层硅胶板均为青岛海洋化工厂生产;

反相材料 Lichroprep Rp-18(40~63 μm)为Merk公司产品;Sephadex LH-20为瑞典Amersham Biosciences公司产品;显色方法为荧光灯下波长254nm和365nm处观察荧光,10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛处理后加热显色及碘蒸气显色。

厚蜂窝菌Hexagonia speciosa于2007年7月份采集于云南高黎贡山,由昆明植物所杨祝良研究员鉴定,标本存于昆明植物研究所标本馆。

2 培养与发酵

由昆明植物研究所李正辉博士培养发酵。培养基:葡萄糖5%,猪肉蛋白胨0.15%,酵母粉0.5%,KH2PO4和 MgSO4各0.05%。发酵条件:温度24℃,初始pH 6.0,转速250 r/min,每分钟通气量与罐体实际料液体积的比值为1.0,接种体积10%(V/V),种子罐发酵6 d,当菌丝生物量最大时转入100 L发酵罐发酵培养20 d。发酵液总量为63 L。

3 提取与分离

厚蜂窝菌发酵液 (63 L)用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并减压蒸干得25 g粗提物,经硅胶柱层析,以三氯甲烷-甲醇 (100∶0→0∶100)梯度洗脱得6个部分 (A、B、C、D、E、F)。A经石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (100∶2→0∶100)梯度洗脱,再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (10∶1)洗脱得到化合物1(4.5 mg)。B经石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (100∶5→0∶100)梯度洗脱得5个亚组分,其中B1经Sephadex LH-20柱层析,以三氯甲烷-甲醇 (1∶1)洗脱,再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (30∶1)洗脱得到化合物2(411 mg);B2经Sephadex LH-20柱层析,以三氯甲烷-甲醇 (1∶1)洗脱得化合物3(308 mg);B3经反相RP-18,用甲醇-水 (90∶10→0∶100)梯度洗脱得化合物4(235 mg)和化合物5(300 mg);B5经过硅胶柱层析,以三氯甲烷-丙酮(50∶1)洗脱得到化合物6(17 mg)和化合物7(10 mg)。C经Sephadex LH-20柱层析,以三氯甲烷-甲醇 (1∶1)洗脱得3个亚组分,其中C1经反相RP-18,用甲醇-水 (70∶30→0∶100)梯度洗脱,再经硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (5∶1)洗脱得到化合物8(6 mg)和化合物9(7 mg);C2经硅胶柱层析,三氯甲烷-丙酮 (30∶1)洗脱得到化合物9(4.5 mg);E经过硅胶柱层析,用石油醚-丙酮 (100∶10→0∶100)梯度洗脱,再经石油醚-乙酸乙酯 (2∶1)洗脱得化合物11(44 mg)。

4 化学结构及鉴定

化合物1:C30H50,无色透明油状液体。FABMS m/z:411.3 [M+H]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.08~5.15(6H,m,H-3,H-7,H-11,H-14,H-18 and H-22),1.96~2.11(20H,m,H-4,H-5,H-8,H-9,H-12,H-13,H-16,H-17,H-20 and H-21),1.68(6H,s,H-1 and H-24),1.60(18H,s,2-CH3,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3,19-CH3and 23-CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz) δ:135.0(s,C-6 and C-19),134.8(s,C-10 and C-15),131.1(s,C-2 and C-23),124.4(d,C-3 and C-22),124.3(d,C-7,C-11,C-14 and C-18),39.7(t,C-5,C-9,C-16 and C-20),28.3(t,C-12 and C-13),26.8(t,C-4,C-8,C-17 and C-21),25.6(q,C-1 and C-24),17.6(q,2-CH3and 23-CH3),16.0(q,6-CH3,10-CH3,15-CH3and 19-CH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[4]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为角鲨烯。

化合物2:C18H34O2,白色油状物。EI-MS m/z(%):282 [M]+(27),264(50),256(36),111(47),97(70),83(74),69(80),57(70),55(100)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.34(2H,m,H-9 and H-10),2.34(2H,t,J=7.5 Hz,H-2),2.04(4H,m,H-8 and H-11),1.61(2H,m,H-3),1.20~1.35(m,H-4~H-7 and H-12~H-17),0.89(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:180.6(s,C-1),130.0(d,C-10),129.7(d,C-9),34.1(t,C-2),31.9(t,C-16),29.0~29.7(t,C-4~C-7 and C-12~C-15),27.2(t,C-8 and C-11),24.6(t,C-3),22.7(t,C-17),14.1(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[5]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为9(Z)-十八烷烯酸。

化合物3:C28H40O,浅黄色晶体。mp 112~114℃。EI-MS m/z(%):392[M]+(15),377(3),349(4),268(100),253(30),214(26),173(23),69(47)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.58(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-7),6.00(1H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-6),5.70(1H,s,H-4),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-23),5.18(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-22),1.21~2.53(18H,m,甾体母核),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.97(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,s,H-18),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.78(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:199.3(s,C-3),164.2(s,C-5),156.0(s,C-14),135.0(d,C-22),133.9(d,C-7),132.6(d,C-23),124.5(d,C-6),124.3(s,C-8),123.0(d,C-4),55.8(d,C-17),44.0(d,C-9),44.0(s,C-13),42.9(d,C-24),39.2(d,C-20),36.8(s,C-10),35.7(t,C-15),34.2(t,C-12),34.1(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),27.7(t,C-16),25.4(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),20.0(q,C-27),19.7(q,C-26),19.0(t,C-2),18.9(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),16.7(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[6]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮。

化合物4:C28H44O,白色晶体。mp 152~154℃。EI-MS m/z(%):396[M]+(55),363(61),337(40),271(17),253(48),211(37),197(28),185(23),171(30),157(55),143(57),131(27),119(30),91(28),81(27),69(100),55(56)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.58(1H,m,H-6),5.38(1H,m,H-7),5.14~5.26(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),3.60(1H,m,H-3),1.03(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.95(3H,s,H-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26), 0.61(3H, s, H-18)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:141.3(s,C-8),139.8(s,C-5),135.6(d,C-22),132.1(d,C-23),119.6(d,C-6),116.4(d,C-7),70.5(d,C-3),55.9(d,C-17),54.6(d,C-14),46.4(d,C-9),42.9(s,C-13),40.8(d,C-24),40.9(t,C-4),40.4(d,C-20),39.2(t,C-12),38.4(t,C-1),37.1(s,C-10),33.1(d,C-25),32.1(t,C-2),28.3(t,C-16),23.0(t,C-15),21.2(t,C-11),21.2(q,C-21),19.9(q,C-26),19.7(q,C-27),17.6(q,C-28),16.3(q,C-19),12.1(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[7]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇。

化合物5:C28H44O3,无色针晶。mp 177~178℃。EI-MS m/z(%):428[M]+(10),410(4),396(100),363(35),271(7),255(37),251(14),152(30),107(22),69(63)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ:6.50(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-7),6.24(1H,d,J=8.4 Hz,H-6),5.22(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),5.13(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-23),3.97(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.90(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.83(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,s,H-18),0.80(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):δ:135.4(d,C-6),135.2(d,C-22),132.3(d,C-23),130.7(d,C-7),82.1(s,C-5),79.4(s,C-8),66.4(d,C-3),56.2(d,C-17),51.6(d,C-14),51.0(d,C-9),44.5(s,C-13),42.7(d,C-24),39.7(d,C-20),39.3(t,C-12),36.9(t,C-4),36.9(s,C-10),34.7(t,C-1),33.0(d,C-25),30.1(t,C-2),28.6(t,C-15),23.4(t,C-11),20.8(q,C-21),20.6(t,C-16),19.9(q,C-27),19.6(q,C-26),18.1(q,C-19),17.5(q,C-28),12.8(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[8]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为过氧麦角甾醇。

化合物 6:C29H48O3,白色粉末。EI-MS m/z(%):444 [M]+(6),426(80),411(26),393(40),377(100),301(11),269(32),251(76)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.41(1H,brd,J=5.0 Hz,H-7),5.13~5.25(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),4.05(1H,m,H-3),3.39(3H,s,6-OCH3),3.17(1H,brd,J=4.7 Hz,H-6),1.03(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.92(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-28),0.84(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-27),0.82(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-26),0.60(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:143.6(s,C-8),135.5(d,C-22),132.0(d,C-23),114.9(d,C-7),82.5(d,C-6),76.4(s,C-5),67.8(d,C-3),58.4(q,6-OCH3),55.9(d,C-17),54.9(d,C-14),43.8(d,C-9),43.8(s,C-13),42.8(d,C-24),40.4(d,C-20),39.5(t,C-4),39.3(t,C-12),37.2(s,C-10),33.0(d,C-25),32.7(t,C-1),30.8(t,C-2),27.9(t,C-16),22.8(t,C-15),22.2(t,C-11),21.1(q,C-21),19.8(q,C-26),19.6(q,C-27),18.5(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.3(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[9]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-6β-甲氧基-7,22-二烯-3β,5α-二醇。

化合物7:C28H46O3,白色粉末。mp 224~226℃。EI-MS m/z(%):430[M]+(35),412(35),394(37),379(65),376(15),269(33),251(62),69(100)。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.74(1H,brs,H-7),5.24(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-23),5.16(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.4 Hz,H-22),4.84(1H,m,H-3),4.32(1H,brd,J=4.8 Hz,H-6),1.53(3H,s,H-19),1.07(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.94(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.84(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.67(3H,s,H-18)。13CNMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:141.6(s,C-8),136.2(d,C-22),132.5(d,C-23),120.4(d,C-7),76.5(s,C-5),74.3(d,C-6),67.6(d,C-3),56.5(d,C-17),55.2(d,C-14),43.9(s,C-13),43.8(d,C-9),43.0(d,C-24),42.0(t,C-4),40.7(d,C-20),40.1(t,C-12),38.1(s,C-10),33.8(t,C-1),33.1(d,C-25),32.6(t,C-2),28.2(t,C-16),23.5(t,C-15),22.4(t,C-11),21.3(q,C-21),20.1(q,C-27),19.9(q,C-26),18.8(q,C-19),17.6(q,C-28),12.3(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[10]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇。

化合物 8:C28H40O3,白色粉末,EI-MS m/z(%):424[M]+(20),409(5),396(5),381(5),327(5),300(5),285(15),257(10),229(30),189(10),175(5),150(15),137(30),109(25),69(100),55(65)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ:6.35(1H,s,H-4),5.22 ~ 5.30(2H,m,H-22 and H-23),2.80(1H,t,J=8.9 Hz,H-9),2.63(1H,d,J=16.7 Hz,H-7a),2.48(1H,d,J=16.7 Hz,H-7b),2.02~2.04(2H,m,H-1),1.86~1.89(1H,m,H-24),1.25(3H,s,H-19),1.08(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.98(3H,s,H-18),0.91(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.83(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.81(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:216.0(s,C-6),200.0(s,C-3),157.4(s,C-5),135.4(d,C-22),132.6(d,C-23),126.8(d,C-4),71.5(s,C-8),62.5(s,C-14),54.2(s,C-13),49.8(d,C-9),49.6(d,C-17),43.5(d,C-24),41.2(t,C-7),39.9(s,C-10),39.2(t,C-1),38.7(t,C-15),38.1(t,C-2),37.5(d,C-20),34.6(t,C-16),33.3(d,C-25),25.3(t,C-11),24.2(q,C-19),23.8(q,C-21),23.4(t,C-12),20.2(q,C-27),19.9(q,C-26),17.8(q,C-28),17.3(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[11]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为8,14-环氧麦角甾-4,22-二烯-3,6-二酮。

化合物9:C28H44O4,白色粉末。EI-MS m/z(%):444[M]+(2),410(4),392(5),377(4),363(3),316(13),283(6),267(17),251(15),215(11),187(16),173(15),161(18),143(22),125(19),109(25),95(28),81(42),69(100),55(80)。1H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ:5.93(1H,brs,H-7),5.26(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.9 Hz,H-23),5.19(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.9 Hz,H-22),4.62(1H,m,H-3),1.15(3H,s,H-19),1.05(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-21),0.96(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-28),0.86(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-27),0.85(3H,d,J=6.8 Hz,H-26),0.64(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ:199.1(s,C-6),164.1(s,C-8),136.2(d,C-22),132.5(d,C-23),120.3(d,C-7),79.8(s,C-5),75.1(s,C-9),66.8(d,C-3),56.2(d,C-17),52.0(d,C-14),45.4(s,C-13),43.1(d,C-24),42.3(s,C-10),40.6(d,C-20),38.1(t,C-4),35.5(t,C-12),33.4(d,C-25),31.5(t,C-2),29.0(t,C-11),28.4(t,C-16),26.4(t,C-1),22.8(t,C-15),21.3(q,C-21),20.4(q,C-19),20.2(q,C-27),19.9(q,C-26),17.9(q,C-28),12.4(q,C-18)。以上波谱数据与文献[12]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为麦角甾-3β,5α,9α-三羟基-7,22-二烯-6-酮。

化合物10:C11H12O2,棕黄色无定形粉末,mp 86~87℃。ESI-MS m/z:353[2M+H],177[M+H]。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:6.65(1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-8),6.58(1H,dd,J=8.6,2.9 Hz,H-7),6.49(1H,d,J=2.9 Hz,H-5),6.25(1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-4),5.64(1H,d,J=9.8 Hz,H-3),1.41(6H, s, 2-2CH3)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:149.4(s,C-6),146.7(s,C-9),131.9(d,C-3),122.1(d,C-4),122.0(s,C-10),116.9(d,C-8),115.4(d,C-7),112.8(d,C-5),75.8(s,C-2),27.5(q,2-2CH3)。以上波谱数据与文献[13]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为2,2-二甲基-1-苯并吡喃-6-醇。

化合物 11:C5H4O3,白色晶体,mp 210~211℃。EI-MS m/z(%):112[M]+(100),95(75),55(6),39(47),38(14),37(8),29(8)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.66(1H,d,J=1.7 Hz,H-5),7.35(1H,d,J=3.4 Hz,H-3),6.58(1H,dd,J=3.4,1.6 Hz,H-4)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:163.4(s,2-COOH),147.4(d,C-5),143.8(s,C-2),120.0(d,C-3),112.2(d,C-4)。以上波谱数据与文献[14]数据报道一致,确定该化合物为2-呋喃甲酸。

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