陈炯 郑春生 汤厚阔
·论著·
载脂蛋白E和补体C4b1在人胰腺癌组织中的表达及意义
陈炯 郑春生 汤厚阔
目的检测载脂蛋白E(ApoE)和补体C4b1在人胰腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其意义。方法应用免疫组化法检测38例胰腺癌和相应癌旁正常胰腺组织ApoE、C4b1蛋白表达;应用RT-PCR法检测20例胰腺癌和相应癌旁正常胰腺组织ApoE、C4b1 mRNA表达。分析ApoE、C4b1的表达与胰腺癌生物特征的相关性。结果胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1蛋白表达阳性率分别为86.8%(33/38)和76.3%(29/38),显著高于癌旁正常胰腺组织的42.1%(16/38)和26.3%(10/38)(P值均﹤0.01);有淋巴结转移的胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1蛋白表达阳性率分别为78.3%(18/23)和73.9%(17/23),明显高于无转移者的33.3%(5/15)和40.0%(6/15)(P值均﹤0.05)。胰腺癌ApoE、C4b1 mRNA表达量分别为4.83±0.65、7.94±0.95,明显高于癌旁正常胰腺组织的1.78±0.74、1.22±0.57(P值均﹤0.01);有淋巴结转移的胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1 mRNA的表达量为5.05±0.71、8.24±1.07,显著高于无转移者的4.42±0.25、7.39±0.15(P值均﹤0.05)。结论ApoE、C4b1在胰腺癌组织中高表达,并与胰腺癌淋巴结转移相关。
胰腺肿瘤; 载脂蛋白E类; 补体C4b; 转移
载脂蛋白E(ApoE)是LDL受体的配体,与脂蛋白代谢密切相关,同时还具有促进巨噬细胞内胆固醇的溢出和抑制血小板聚集等功能[1]。目前研究证实,ApoE在多种肿瘤中表达上调。补体是体液免疫的重要部分,从理论的角度来分析,对于机体自身抗肿瘤是有利因素,但对补体C4b1在肿瘤中的作用研究甚少。本研究检测胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1的表达,探讨其临床意义。
一、标本来源
收集安徽医科大学附属省立医院2007年5月至2009年8月间病理科有完整病例资料的胰腺癌石蜡标本38例,男18例,女20例,年龄16~81岁,中位年龄61岁。其中高、中分化29例,低分化9例;Ⅰ期7例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ期31例;有淋巴结转移23例,无转移15例。另收集2008年9月至2009年9月间手术切除的经病理证实的胰腺癌新鲜标本和相应癌旁正常胰腺组织20例,男8例,女12例,年龄16~76岁,中位年龄60岁。其中高、中分化13例,低分化7例;Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ~Ⅳ期16例;有淋巴结转移13例,无转移7例。所有患者术前均未行放、化疗。
二、免疫组化检测ApoE、C4b1蛋白表达
石蜡标本常规行免疫组化法检测ApoE、C4b1表达,由病理科医师阅片。ApoE及C4b1阳性表现为胞质出现棕黄色颗粒。每张切片计数500个细胞,阳性细胞占总细胞数超过5%为表达阳性[2]。
三、RT-PCR检测ApoE、C4b1 mRNA表达
根据NCBIGenBank(M12529.1、K02403.1)收录的人ApoE、C4b1序列,借助PrimerPremier5.0软件设计引物。ApoE正义引物5′-CTGCGTTGCTGG-TCA-3′,反义引物5′-GCTCCTCGGTGCTCT-3′,产物长度435 bp;C4b1正义引物5′-GGAAGCAAA-CGAGGACTAT- 3′,反义引物5′-TTCAGCAGAACACAAGGTG-3′,产物长度517 bp;内参β-actin正义引物5′-CAACTTCATCCACGTTCACC-3′,反义引物5′-GAAGAGCCAAGGACAGGTAC-3′,产物长度268 bp。总RNA提取按照Trizol试剂说明书的操作步骤进行。PCR参数:94℃ 5 min,94℃ 30 s、51℃ 30 s、72℃ 30 s,30个循环,72℃ 10 min。扩增产物经琼脂糖电泳分离、图像分析仪扫描,以目的条带与内参条带灰度值比作为mRNA相对表达量。
四、统计学分析处理
一、胰腺癌组织ApoE 、C4b1蛋白表达
ApoE、C4b1表达于胰腺癌细胞的胞质(图1、2)。38例胰腺癌组织中ApoE、C4b1表达阳性率分别为86.8%(33/38)和76.3%(29/38),相应癌旁正常胰腺组织分别为42.1%(16/38)和26.3%(10/38),差异具有统计学意义(P值均﹤0.01)。伴淋巴结转移的胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1表达阳性率分别为78.3%(18/23)和73.9%(17/23),无转移者分别为33.3%(5/15)和40.0%(6/15),差异也具有统计学意义(P值均﹤0.05)。但胰腺癌组织ApoE和C4b1的表达与患者的血脂水平及肿瘤标记物CA19-9水平无关(表1)。
图1ApoE(a)、C4b1(b)在胰腺癌组织中的表达(免疫组化 ×200)
1:Marker;2:有淋巴转移的胰腺癌组织;3:正常胰腺组织;4:无淋巴转移的胰腺癌组织
图2ApoE 、C4b1 mRNA产物电泳图
组别例数血脂(mmol/L)t值P值CA19⁃9(U/ml)t值P值ApoE阳性组331.34±0.570.18>0.05233±1710.23>0.05ApoE阴性组51.29±0.60252±162C4b1阳性组291.32±0.540.20>0.05241±1780.37>0.05C4b1阴性组91.36±0.66217±138
二、胰腺癌组织ApoE、C4b1 mRNA表达
ApoE、C4b1 mRNA在胰腺癌组织中的表达量分别为4.83±0.65、7.94±0.95,相应癌旁正常胰腺组织中的表达量分别为1.78±0.74、1.22±0.57,两者差异具有统计学意义(t=13.77,t=27.21,P值均﹤0.01)。有淋巴结转移的胰腺癌组织中ApoE、C4b1 mRNA的表达量分别为5.05±0.71、8.24±1.07,无转移者分别为4.42±0.25、7.39±0.15,两者差异也具有统计学意义(t=2.245,t=2.807,P值均﹤0.05)。
ApoE是LDL受体的配体,其主要生物学功能是运送脂肪。人类ApoE主要在肝脏和脑组织合成,其中肝脏合成60%~80%。以往研究表明,ApoE多与高血脂症和心脑血管病有关。但随着研究的深入,ApoE在肿瘤中的作用越来越被重视,相关研究越来越多。文献报道[3-4],ApoE在卵巢癌和前列腺癌中呈高表达。Huvila等[5]报道ApoE在子宫内膜腺癌中呈高表达,且与肿瘤的分化呈负相关。Moore等[6]发现,ApoE及其基因的变种增加了患肾细胞癌的风险。Mrkonjic等[7]报道,饱和脂肪酸含量高的饮食与ApoE亚型的协同作用可增加患结直肠癌的风险。GrØnborg等[8]报道,胰腺癌细胞株PANC1的ApoE表达是正常胰腺细胞的20倍。Yu等[9]应用双向凝胶电泳联合串联质谱法对比分析了胰腺癌患者和正常对照人群血清蛋白的表达,并证实ApoE在胰腺癌患者血清中呈高表达。Gillard等[10]报道,ApoE分布于细胞内,并且可以被人肝癌细胞分泌。Martínez-Clemente等[11]通过研究发现ApoE能抑制TNF-α的产生。本研究结果显示,ApoE在胰腺癌中呈高表达,而且与淋巴结转移相关,说明ApoE能促进胰腺癌的转移。
C4b1与自身免疫性疾病发生密切相关,尤其是与系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的发生关系密切[12],而且在诱导自身耐受性B细胞方面有十分关键的作用[13]。但C4b1在胰腺癌中的作用尚不明确。本研究结果显示,C4b1在胰腺癌中呈高表达,而且与胰腺癌的淋巴结转移具有相关性,这是否是机体患病后的保护性免疫反应目前尚不得而知,但也为胰腺癌的进一步研究提供了新的思路。
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2010-10-21)
(本文编辑:吕芳萍)
ApolipoproteinEandcomplementC4b1expressionsanditssignificanceinhumanpancreaticcarcinoma
CHENJiong,ZHENGChun-sheng,TANGHou-kuo.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,AnhuiProvincialHospital,AnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei230001,China
CHENJiong,Email:ch_jiong@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of apolipoprotein E(ApoE) and complement C4b1 in pancreatic carcinoma and study its significance.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ApoE and C4b1 protein in 38 cases of pancreatic carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues, and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of ApoE and C4b1 mRNA in 20 cases of pancreatic carcinoma tissues and adjancent normal pancreatic tissues. The relevance of ApoE and C4b1 expressions to the biological features of pancreatic carcinoma were analyzed.ResultsThe positive rates of ApoE and C4b1 expressions are 86.8%(33/38) and 76.3%(29/38) in pancreatic carcinoma, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in normal pancreatic tissues [42.1%(16/38) and26.3%(10/38),P﹤0.01].The positive rates of ApoE and C4b1 expressions [78.3%(18/23) and 73.9%(17/23)〗 in patients with metastasis were significantly higher than in those without metastasis [(33.3%(5/15) and 40.0%(6/15),P﹤0.05). Significantly higher expressions of ApoE and C4b1 mRNA were noted in pancreatic carcinoma(4.83±0.65 and 7.94±0.95) than those in the normal pancreatic tissue(1.78±0.74 and 1.22±0.57,P﹤0.01), and patients with metastasis showed significantly higher expression of ApoE and C4b1 mRNA (5.05±0.71 and 8.24±1.07) than those without metastasis (4.42±0.25 and 7.39±0.15,P﹤0.05).ConclusionsApoE and C4b1 were highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, and may be closely related with lymph node metastasis.
Pancreatic neoplasms; Apolipoproteins E; Complement C4b; Metastasis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.02.004
安徽省科技攻关计划项目(07010302203)
230001 合肥,安徽医科大学附属省立医院普外科
陈炯,Email:ch_jiong@126.com