李鸿霞
列缺穴治疗落枕疗效观察
李鸿霞
(华中科技大学同济医学院附属荆州医院行署医疗站,湖北 434020)
观察列缺穴单穴和配伍及落枕后患者就诊的时间对治疗效果的影响。将84例患者随机分为单穴组与配伍组,按患者就诊时间单穴组42例分为24 h内21例,24 h外21例;配伍组42例,分为24 h内21例与24 h外21例。单穴组运用一侧发病取对侧列缺穴,双侧发病取两侧列缺穴;配伍组列缺穴加风池、大杼、天柱、天窗、肩中俞。两组均每天针刺1次,每次留针30 min。对发病后24 h内和24 h外就诊患者进行治疗1次、2次、3次的疗效观察。24 h内就诊患者两组治疗效果1次治愈率为单穴组95.2%,配伍组100%;24 h外就诊者1次治愈率为单穴组28.6%,配伍组38.1%;3次治愈率单穴组76.2%,配伍组95.2%。列缺穴治疗落枕疗效与发病后就诊时间及配伍有关。
落枕;穴,列缺;配穴法;就诊时间
落枕或称“失枕”,为临床常见病、多发病,常是入睡前无任何征兆,清晨醒后感到颈项背部疼痛,活动受限,表现为一侧或两侧颈肩部疼痛,旋转连身,僵硬疼痛。笔者采用单穴列缺和配伍近部穴治疗落枕,并观察治疗效果与患者就诊时间的关系,现报道如下。
64例患者均为本站门诊患者,随机分为单穴组与配伍组。单穴组42例,其中男23例,女19例;年龄最大61岁,最小15岁,平均42岁;病程最长3 d,最短4 h。配伍组42例,其中男17例,女25例;年龄最大56岁,最小17岁,平均45岁;病程最长1 d,最短3 h。两组性别、年龄、病程比较差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。
参照国家中医药管理局1994颁布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[1]中落枕的诊断标准。
①颈椎骨折、肿瘤患者;②晕针患者;③不能配合完成治疗和观察者。
单取列缺穴,采用交叉取穴,单侧发病取对侧,两侧发病取双侧。患者取坐位,使用0.30 mm×50 mm无菌针灸针,穴位常规消毒后,向肘部斜刺0.3~0.5寸,采用强刺激捻转手法,令针感逐渐沿手太阴经向手肘肩颈方向传导。然后边捻转边让患者做主动转头颈运动,头颈部尽量向左右转动,下颌朝左右肩平行方向靠近,转动动作要缓慢,以患者能接受为度,留针30 min。其间约5~6 min行针1次,每次行针均要求患者做颈部左右旋转运动。30 min后取出。每天针刺1次。
取列缺、风池、大杼、天柱、天窗、肩中俞,采用平补平泻手法,使针感扩散至颈肩周围,留针30 min。其间5~6 min行针1次,30 min后取出其他腧穴针,留列缺穴做强刺激捻转,令针感向颈肩方向传导,同时让患者做自主转头(如单穴组),约3~5 min后取针。每天针刺1次。
两组均在治疗1、2、3次后进行疗效观察。
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[1]中相关标准。
痊愈 头颈肩部活动自如,无疼痛酸胀感,功能恢复正常。
显效 头颈肩部疼痛酸胀感明显减轻,头颈肩部功能活动明显改善。
有效 头颈肩部疼痛酸胀感有所好转,头颈肩部功能改善。
无效 治疗前后症状体征无改善。
由表1可知,发病后24 h内就诊的单穴组与配伍组一次治愈率分别为95.2%和100%,差异无统计学意义(>0.05),结果表明两组均有较好的疗效,且两组24 h内治愈率均高于24 h外(<0.01);发病后24 h以上治疗1次治愈率单穴组28.6%,配伍组38.1%;2次治愈率单穴组42.9%,配伍组47.6%;3次治愈率单穴组76.2%,配伍组95.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(<0.05)。
表1 各组不同就诊时间临床疗效比较 [n(%)]
注:组内与24 h外比较1)<0.01;与配伍组比较2)<0.05
落枕的病因主要有两个方面,一是肌肉扭伤,如夜间睡眠姿势不良,头颈长时间处于过度偏转的位置;或因睡眠时枕头不合适,过高、过低或过硬,使头颈处于过伸或过屈状态,均可引起颈部一侧肌肉紧张,使颈椎小关节扭错[2],时间较长即可发生静力性损伤,使伤处肌筋强硬不和,气血运行不畅,局部疼痛不适,动作明显受限等。二是感受风寒,如睡眠时受寒,盛夏贪凉,使颈背部气血凝滞,经络痹阻,以致僵硬疼痛,动作不利。中医学认为本病为风寒侵袭项背,致局部经络气血不通,不通则痛,患者24 h内就诊,病在浅表,虽颈肩部经气不畅但血瘀初步形成,故针刺单穴列缺可以达到通经疏气的功效。列缺穴为手太阴肺经络穴,又为八脉交会穴通任脉,“头项寻列缺”,有疏通络脉病变的功效[3]。列缺最早见于《灵枢·经脉》,研究表明[4]针刺列缺可有效增宽椎动脉的血管内径,提高收缩期血流峰值、每分血流量,从而改善椎动脉的供血强度。现代医学证明[5],手部穴位含有丰富的神经末梢,灵敏度强,通过刺激释放神经递质可使大脑皮层抑制,降低大脑皮层对疼痛的感觉,从而提高疼痛阈值,阻断痛觉的恶性循环,达到镇痛的目的。发病24 h后,颈肩部瘀阻的经气渐渐运行不畅而导致血行不畅,气滞血瘀,痉挛的肌肉血循障碍,致使局部血运不畅,代谢产物滞留,加上疼痛让患者心情烦躁,对疼痛的耐受性降低,因而治疗使用单穴疗效较差,需配伍颈肩部穴位。通过针刺疏通气血,调通经脉,缓解局部肌肉紧张。风池穴能疏风祛寒,又是足少阳胆经循行经过颈部的穴位,胆经循行于人体的两侧,落枕的疼痛部位正是其循行所过,是局部取穴,为主治所及;大杼和天柱穴是足太阳经经脉循行于颈部的穴位,头不能前后俯仰者病在足太阳膀胱经,故取之。头不能左顾右盼者病在手太阳小肠经,天窗和肩中俞穴为手太阳经经脉循行于肩颈部的腧穴。多穴合用可更好、更快达到治疗落枕的目的。
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Clinical Observation on Treating Stiff Neck with Acupoint Lieque (LU 7)
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To observe the influence of single acupoint treatment and treatment with acupoint compatibility with acupoint Lieque (LU 7), and the visiting time on the therapeutic effect in treating stiff neck.Eighty-four patients were randomized into a single-point group and a compatibility group. According to their visiting time, of the 42 patients in the single-point group, 21 patients came before 24 h and the other 21 came after 21 h after the onset; of the 42 patients in the compatibility group, 21 patients came before 24 h and the other 21 came after 24 h after the onset. In the single-point group, Lieque (LU 7) on the opposite side was selected for treating the unilateral stiff neck and bilateral Lieque (LU 7) were selected for treating the bilateral ones. In the compatibility group, Lieque (LU 7), Fengchi (GB 20), Dazhu (BL 11), Tianzhu (BL 10), Tianchuang (SI 16), and Jianzhongshu (SI 15) were selected for treatment. Both groups received acupuncture treatment once a day, 30 min for each time. The therapeutic effect was evaluated in the patients coming before 24 h and after 24 h after onset respectively after a treatment, two treatments and 3 times of treatment.The recovery rate after a treatment in the patients coming before 24 h in the single-point group was 95.2%, versus 100% in the compatibility group. The recovery rate after a treatment in the patients coming after 24 h was 28.6% in the single-point group, versus 38.1% in the compatibility group. The recovery rate after 3 times of treatment was 76.2% in the single-point group, versus 95.2% in the compatibility group.The therapeutic effect of treating stiff neck with point Lieque (LU 7) is related to the visiting time and point compatibility.
Stiff neck; Point, Lieque (LU 7); Point combination; Visiting time
R246.2
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-0957.2011.12.843
1005-0957(2011)12-0843-02
李鸿霞(1963 - ),女,副主任医师
2011-08-20