英语中考中的主谓一致

田丽红 陈胜良

纵观近几年全国各地的英语中考试题,主谓一致颇受命题人的青睐。所谓主谓一致,即英语句子的谓语在人称和数方面必须与主语保持一致。主谓一致主要出现在单项选择题、完形填空题及短文改错等题型里。欲解答此类试题,必须掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。

语法一致原则

1. 在连词and或both…and…连接的并列主语后面,谓语动词用复数。例如:

This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ____ good at drawing. (08重庆)

A. am B. is C. are D. be

2. 不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。

Listen! Someone ____ outside. (06重庆)

A. sing B. sings

C. is singing D. are singing

3. 主语后面有with, together with, along with, except, but, as well as等连接的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数仍与原来的主语保持一致,不受后面短语的影响。

Dinna, together with her friends, ____ Chinese in China. (09天津)

A. study B. have studied

C. studies D. are studying

4. 非谓语动词(动词-ing, 不定式)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Talking loudly on the mobile phone ____ impolite. (07内江)

A. are B. seem C. is

5. each 用作代词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each作同位语时不影响谓语动词的数。

Since last term, each of them ____ an English-Chinese dictionary. (05宜昌)

A. had B. has

C. has had D. have had

6. 以pants (trousers), shoes, jeans, socks, glasses等词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当它们前面有a (this) pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。

This pair of jeans ____ Tinas. (06呼和浩特)

A. are B. be C. is D. will be

7. the number of 作主语,谓语动词用单数,a number of 作主语,谓语动词用复数。

——A number of students ____ in the dinning hall.

——Let me count. The number of the students ____ about 400. (08鹤岗)

A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are

意义一致原则

1. 以maths, physics, news, politics等看似复数实则单数的词作主语时谓语动词用单数。

The news ____ very interesting!Tell me more! (09河南)

A. is B. are C. were D. was

2. 表示金钱、价格、时间、度量等的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

How time flies!Three years ____ really a short time. (06滨州)

A. is B. are C. was D. were

3. 集体名词family, class, team, group, army等作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词则用复数。

In the coming summer holidays, my family ____ going to take a one-week trip to Qingdao.(07济宁)

A. is B. are C. were D. was

4. people“人们”, police“警察”总是表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。

Good news! There ____ fewer people catching this kind of illness now. (09陕西)

A. are B. is C. were D. was

5. 由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。

The teacher and writer ____ coming to give us a talk next week.

A. are B. is C. was D. were

6. “the+姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”,当其在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

The Chengs ____ here for years. (2001深圳)

A. is living B. have lived

C. has lived D. lives

7. 分数或百分数等作主语时,谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。

____ of the money ____ been spent recycling the rubbish. (08包头)

A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have

C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have

就近原则

1. either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数应与后一个成分保持一致。

——Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you?

——Oh, not only my parents but also I ____ Wuhan for a month. (09黄冈)

A. have gone to B. have been to

C. has been in D. have been in

Neither Jim nor his cousins ____ to America, but ____ of them know the country very well.

(07潍坊)

A. have been; all B. have been; both

C. has been; all D. has been; both

2.在there be 结构中,如果be动词后有两个或两个以上的并列成分,谓语动词与靠近be的那个成分保持数的一致。

There ____ some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.(09宁波)

A. is B. are C. has D. have

There ____ a book, two rulers and four pens on the desk. (09天水)

A. are B. is C. be D. am