院士风采

院士风采

吴学周

1902.09.20 ～1983.10.31

化学家。江西萍乡人。1924年毕业于南京高等师范学校数理化部、同年冬毕业于东南大学化学系。1928年公费赴美留学，1931年获美国加州理工学院博士学位。1932年为德国达姆斯塔特高等工业学校访问学者。中国科学院长春应用化学研究所研究员、名誉院长。早年从事多原子分子的紫外、远红外光谱研究，发现了一些新的光谱带系，阐明了若干典型的重要多原子分子的结构和化学反应机理。亲自领导核燃料前、后处理中的化学问题的研究；开展超纯分析和痕量分析，以及后来的环保分析；主持光谱、波谱、结构化学研究工作；晚年组建了激光化学研究室并应用光谱法研究生物活性物质的氧化机理。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of Nanjing Normal School and the Department of Chemistry of Southeastern University jin 1924. Went to the USA with financial support from the Chinese government to continue his education.Received Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1931.Visiting scholar at the Darmstadt Higher Institute of Technology,Germany in 1932.Research professor , director, and honorary director, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Wu was engaged in the research of ultraviolet and far-infrared spectra of polyatomic molecules and found some new band progressions to clarify the structure and reaction mechanism of many polyatomic molecules. He led and participated in the study of chemical problems in the preprocess of nuclear fuel. He developed ultrapure and trace analysis methlds and analytical methlds for environmental protection.He also led the reaearch on spectroscopy, spectral analysis and structural chemistry. In his late years, he founded the Laser Chemistry Laborotory and studied the oxidation mechanism of bioactive substance by spectroscopy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

汪 猷

1910.06.07 ～1997.05.06

化学家。浙江杭州人。1931年毕业于金陵大学工业化学系。1937年获德国慕尼黑大学博士学位。1984年当选为法国科学院外国院士。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所研究员、所长、名誉所长。早期从事十四乙酰藏红素的全合成和性激素、抗生素和碳水化合物化学等研究。是中国抗生素研究的奠基人之一，系统研究了链霉素和金霉素的分离、提纯以及结构和合成化学。参加领导并直接参加了人工合成胰岛素的研究。在淀粉化学方面，创制了新型血浆代用品。所建立的石油发酵研究组，当时在国际上居于前列，做出多项成果。参加并参与领导酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸全合成工作，还参加和领到了天花粉蛋白化学结构和应用研究、模拟酶的研究和青蒿素的生物合成化学研究。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Deparment of Industrial Chemistry, Nanjing Jinling University in 1931. Received Ph.D. from Munich University,Germany in 1937. Research professor, director and honorary director, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and foreign academician, France Academy of Sciences.

In his early stage, Wang was engaged in the study of total synthesis of tetradeca-acetylated zanghongsu, and in the study of sexual hormone, antibiotics and carbohydrate chemistry.He is one of the pioneers for the antibiotics research in China.He systematically investigated the separation, purification,structure, and synthesis of streptomycin and aureomycin. He co-supervised and took part in the research on the synthesis of insulin. In the area of starch chemistry, he developed new serum surrogate. His reaearch group of petrlleum oil fermentation has attained a lot of excellent results and is in the forefront in the world. He participated in and co-supervised the total synthesis of yeast alanine tRNA, the study on the structure and application of tricosanthin, the study on enzymimetics, and the study on biosynthesis of qinghaosu.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李方训

1902012.25 ～1962.08.02

化学家。江苏仪征人。1925年毕业于金陵大学化学系。1930年获美国西北大学博士学位，1948年获美国西北大学荣誉科学博士学位。南京大学教授、副校长。早期从事格利雅试剂在非水溶液中反应机理的研究、电解质溶液理论研究方面的工作，所提出的离子水化焓及水化绝对熵的理论、用于水溶液中离子物理化学性质的计算公式，至今仍为该领域的专著所引用。50年代后，着重于混合电解质的系统研究，并测定了格利雅试剂在非水溶液中组成的电池电动势，证明了在非水溶液中格利雅试剂仍具有电解质的特性。验证了哈奈德规则对混合电解质溶液中离子活度系数计算的适用性，并推导出一个优于前人的计算公式，可应用于具有不同离子的混合电解质溶液。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province. Graduated form the Department of Chemistry, Jinling University 1925.Rececived Ph.D. from Northwestern University, USA in 1930, and honorary Ph. D. in 1948. Professror and vice president, Nanjing Uninersity.

Li studied the reaction mechanism of Grignard reagent in non-aqueous solution and theoretical work of electrolyte solution in his early years. He developed the theory of hydration enthalpy and the absolute hydration entropy of ions and deduced a formula used for the calculation of the physicochemical properties of ions in aqueous solution.His results are still cited by chemists working in this field.From the 1950s, he was engaged in the systematic research of mixed electrolytes. He determined the cell electromotive forces of Griganrd tragents in non-aqueous solution and proved the electrolytic properties of Grignard reagents in non-aqueous solution. He also proved that Harned rule could be used for the calculation of ion activity co-efficient of mixed electrolyte in solution and deduced an improved formula which can be used for the calculation of mixed electrolytes with defferent ions.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955

张大煜

1906.01.15 ～1989.02.20

化学家。江苏江阴人。1929年清华大学化学系毕业，公费留德。1933年获德国德累斯顿大学博士学位。中国科学院大连化学物理研究所研究员、顾问，感光化学研究所顾问。早年从事胶体化学和表面化学的研究。抗战时期曾在云南宜良创办利滇化工厂，从事褐煤低温干馏。50年代初，组建起第一个石油研究所，开展对石油、页岩油和煤的加工工艺和化学基础研究。60年代组建了中国科学院兰州石油研究所和山西煤炭化学研究所，促进了内地科学事业发展。领导了催化、色谱、化学激光和化学工程等领域的科学研究，促进了中国石油炼制、石油化工、化肥工业、高能燃料方面的进步；组织领导了合成氨原料气净化新流程的研究开发，达到了当时国际先进水平，提供了科研与生产部门合作公关的重要经验。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University in 1929 and continued his education by government support in Germany. Received Ph.D.from the University of Dresden in 1933. Research professor, director and advisor, Dalian Insititute of Physical Chemsitry, and advisor,Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In his early years, Zhang was engaged in the research on colloid and surface chemistry. During the Anti-Japanese War, he set up the Lidian Chemical Plant in Yiliang, Yunnan Province to run dry distillation of lignitic coal under low temperature. He set up China’s first petroleum institute in the early 1950s to conduct research mainly on the processing technology and chemistry of crude oil, shale oil and coal. He also set up Lanzhou Institute of Petrloleum and Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the 1960s and promoted the development of scientific reaearch in the inland. He organized and led the reaearch on catalysis,chromatography, chemical laser, chemical engineering and so on.All these have promoted the development of China’s oil refining,petrochemical engineering, chemical fertilizer and high energy fuel industries. He improved the flow process for the purification of gases used for ammonia synthesis. His work reached the then world advanced level and also set a good example for the research institutes and factories to work jointly to solve key problems in practical production.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.