浅谈英语阅读理解试题解题对策

倪黛琳

摘 要:阅读能力是体现英语水平的一个十分重要的方面,阅读抓好了,记忆单词、熟悉语法、形成语感等会有事半功倍的好处,而且,对于开阔思路,思维能力的培养也大有裨益。

关键词:把握 推敲 剖析

近年来,“阅读理解”这类题型日趋增多,根据阅读理解的要求范围,应注意把握以下几个方面的准则:

一、通览全文,把握文章中心

想迅速了解文章的中心意思,关键在于迅速把握作者思路,不断领会和推测作者的意图,同时还需把词句的理解与对文章的结构分析结合起来,从中找出文章里表达中心思想的主题段和主题句。

1.要特别注意文章的第一段和第一句,因为这两句往往是主题句,通常称之为关键句(key sentence)。

2.如果遇到短文中的词语不理解时,尽管朝下读,因为个别词或关键词虽不认识,但下文很可能会说明其真正含义的。

二、仔细推敲,掌握文章的细节内容

除了掌握上面提到把握短文中心意思之外,还应掌握阅读短文细节。因为有的细节本身就是题目所要求的答案。

三、灵活运用,剖析关键词语的内涵

阅读过程中,对关键词语的理解往往影响对句子、段落,甚至对整篇短文的正确理解。因此要根据上下文运用常识的方法来推测词语在短文中的真正含意。

四、认真检查,力争万无一失

做完阅读理解题之后,一定要静下心来把短文再看一遍,力保万无一失。

下面以一篇文章为例进行剖析。

Our village carpenter(木匠), John Hill, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size to fill the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill (账单)for the job.

My wife said to me, quietly,“Thats his ninth cup of tea today.” But she said, in a loud voice,“Its a beautiful table, dear, isnt it?”

“Ill decide about that when I see the bill,” I said.

One dining table 10 November 1989

Cost(成本;费用)of wood ￡17.00

(￡是pound的符号)

Paint(油漆) ￡1.50

Work,8 hours(￡ I an hour) ￡8.00

Total(合计) ￡36.50

When I was looking at the bill, John said,“Its been a fine day, hasnt it? Quite sunny.”

“Yes,”I said.“Im glad its only the 10th of November.”

“Me, too,” said John. “You wait - itll be a lot colder by the end of the month.”

“Yes, Colder and more expensive! Dining tables will be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th, wont they, John?”

John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes? I gave his bill back to him.

“If it isnt too much trouble, John,” I said, “please add it up again. You can forget the date...”

I paid him ￡26.50 and he was happy to get it.

1.Why did John talk about the weather when the writer was looking at the bill?

A.Because he didnt want the writer to go through the bill carefully.

B.Because it was really a fine day.

C.Because he wanted the writer to check the bill carefully.

D.Because he wanted to tell the writer what the weather was like.

2.Why did the writer say that dining tables would be ￡20 more expensive on November 30th?

A.Because it was difficult to make dining tables in cold weather.

B.Because paint would be more expens-

ive.

C.Because the cost of wood be more expensive.

D.Because he thought John would almost certainly add the date to the cost of the dining table.

3.The writer thought John would ask for______if he made a dining table on the last day of November.

A.￡20.00 B.￡46.50

C.￡56.50 D.￡26.50

4.When the writer gave him the money, John was happy because ______.

A.he got what he should get for his work

B.he got much more money for his work

C.he got the money easily

D.he didnt have to add up the costs again

5.From the story we know that______.

A.John made a mistake in the bill

B.John tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work

C.John had written out the bill before the writer got home

D.John still wanted to get ￡36.50 for his work in the end

答案与分析:

本篇大意是:木匠约翰给主人公的妻子做了一个饭桌,结账时账单上把成本费17.00,油漆料钱1.50,工阶8.00和日期10一起相加,多计价10元,结果被主人发现了,但他并没直接批评多要钱的木匠,只是诙谐地说:“月底30日做比月初10日做,还要贵些,是不是?”最后只付了就付的26.5元钱。主人一眼看穿了木匠的把戏。但他处理问题颇有技巧,既解决问题,又不失礼貌,体现了现代生意场中的交往策略和洽谈风格。

1.A.通过充分理解上下文得知,John谈天气的目的并不是单纯为了谈天气,而是为了让作者全家人不去注意账单,以达到他的目的。

2.D.作者认为John做的餐桌到30时(加上日期)就会比现在(10号)做的贵20元,言谈中已识破了John的把戏。

3.答案是C。

4.A.主人并没直接点破他的诡计,让他难堪,他又得到了他的所得,自然很庆幸。

5.答案是B。

俗话说,“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”。阅读能力的提高需要大量增加语言输入的量。如果你能坚持每天读100个词左右的材料,那么一个月的阅读量就是3000多个词,一年的阅读量就是3万多个词,两年就是7万多个词的阅读量。每天读100个词至多花10分钟,再忙也还是可以抽出这点时间的,关键是要有恒心,要培养良好的习惯,注意选用适合自己实际水平的阅读材料和材料体裁的多样化,许多英语学习成功者无不认为“阅读使我受益匪浅”,它扩大和巩固了自己的词汇量,增强了语感,扩大了知识面,真是一举多得。

参考文献:

1.《中小学外语教学与研究》.2004年第6期

2.《初中英语奥林匹克》.初三分册

3.《英语中考指南》.2003年第10期

作者单位:浙江省乐清市柳市镇一中