布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所

布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所创立30年以来，开发了一整套建筑艺术的实践方法。与其用不切实际的姿态来表达一种观念，或是发表一种具有象征性或时尚性的宣言，建筑设计首先应当保证在每一个细节上实现客户对建筑的需要，而这正是布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所最为根本的出发点。由此看来，建筑应当是一种反馈，而不是一种预编程程序的应用或内向型提案。

为某个特定种类的建筑及其用途（诸如医院建筑、短期居住中心、住宅、服务设施等等）量身定做的设计方案应当尽可能充分地满足业主的需求并融入到周边环境之中。早在1980年代初，布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所的作品就备受瞩目。它于1990年代开始专注于诸如医院、康复中心、日间儿童看护中心等功能性公共建筑，并由此逐渐成为擅长医院建筑的专门性设计事务所。

但是，布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所并没有就此停滞不前，而是通过经验的积累和新理念的开发来不断完善他们对于“医院”这一建筑物的定义。他们避免停留在过去，不断精炼这一原型。

医院应当为最好的救治服务和设施提供恰当的环境。它是一种典型的标准化建筑，为处理威胁人类生命危害的医学手段提供了场所。一座医院意味着效率的最大化：人们永远不会为了消磨时间而来到这里，相反却希望能够尽可能快地解决自己身体机能上出现的问题。

对于这一要求的最佳反馈在于对多个活动区域之间的流线进行分离和优化——这就是平面布局最为基本的重要性。他们的解决方案中对于流线有效组织的追求是不变的：巨大的地面空间、无处不在的渗透性、直线型的通道、易于分配的区域以及在某些情况下可以容纳功能的变化和拓展的条件。

模块性是一个关键的因素。这一概念没有严格的定义，布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所强调的是以土地契约和项目本身的情况所提供的可能性为基础，设计一种能够容许细节变化的典型平面模块，不同的功能分区分布在这些模块当中，构成每一栋建筑。

布鲁奈－索尼埃建筑事务所设计医院建筑的另一个关注点在于建筑外观。在不同的项目中，建筑的“表皮”也随设计所针对的问题不断变化。相对于医院的功能需求所造成的传统平面布局的僵硬感，他们在保证建筑外表的优雅上倾注了大量的心血。这一做法的原因之一是对于文脉性的追求，另一个原因则是对于融入当地都市的需求的理解。

在距离巴黎迪斯尼乐园不远的拉尼，这座医院以其朴素而理性的形式来表达一种对于庸俗的幻想世界的反对。

在嘎纳，新医院的“表皮”和其周边环境的布局借鉴了十字大道这一形象，以提供一种当地人所熟知的公共空间。

在土伦，布鲁奈与索尼埃在其设计的医院旁边引入了一条宽阔的林荫大道，以达到“兰布拉斯大道”的效果——提供了一种常见于地中海城市的林荫大道空间。

这些类型的提取依项目不同而变化，与作为一种清晰的功能结构的医院本身一起为当地人的生活作出贡献。这种对于外表的同等重视，同时也防止了标准化可能带来的设计上的僵化。□（李璠 译）

公司档案：

主任建筑师热罗姆·布鲁奈和建筑工程师文森特·马尔尚共同管理公司。

医疗建筑设计咨询由建筑师杰罗德·齐默利担任。

他们的设计活动不但遍及法国，更活跃在国际医疗建筑的设计和咨询方面：

·日内瓦（瑞士）：大学医院扩建设计；

·布鲁塞尔（比利时）：大学医院新癌症中心设计；

·金边（柬埔寨）：私人综合医院设计；

·映江（越南）：与越南设计团队Codesco合作进行综合医院竞赛设计；

·布拉格（捷克）：私人诊所的前期研究。

Since its creation 30 years ago, Brunet Saunier Architecture has developed a pragmatic approach to the art of building. Rather than an extravagant gesture expressing an ideology, or a symbolic or fashionable proclamation, architectural design must first assure that it does not neglect what for Brunet Saunier Architecture constitutes its inescapable point of departure: a detailed examination of what the client seeks from the architect. Seen as such, architecture is above all a response rather than a pre-programmed authoritarian or inward looking proposal.

The work by Brunet Saunier Architecture, since the early 1980s, has been marked by public commissions. It has specialised since the 1990s, in functional public buildings such as hospitals and rehabilitation centres, day care centres, etc.

Brunet Saunier Architecture have become specialised in hospital buildings and have become the main providers.

However, each of their hospital projects aims to improve their definition of the“hospital” as an architectural object by developing new ideas and learning from past experience, without falling into the error of repeating themselves. Their aim is to continue to refine their typology and avoid becoming mired in the past.

A hospital should be a setting providing the best possible reception services and facilities. It is the epitome of a standard building, a place where medical management has to deal with potentially lifethreatening situations. A hospital connotes the idea of maximum efficiency: people never enter to idle away time but rather because the body’s mechanics need working on rapidly, and as rapidly as possible. In terms of the spatialisation of hospital activities, this essential need for efficiency is translated by faultless organisation and a necessary dynamic articulation between“serving” spaces and“served” spaces, as well as by the vital need for fluidity.

This results in a dual imperative based on optimal partitioning and circulation movements between the various activity zones－and therefore the fundamental importance of the plan layout.

Their approach to the plan layout is equally invariable, favouring efficient organisation. Large floor areas, always penetrable, equipped with rectilinear passageways, provide surface areas that are easy to organise and, in certain cases, able to anticipate future extensions and changes in use.

Modularity is a vital factor. There is no strict repetition as such and Brunet Saunier Architecture place emphasis on the need to provide a typical plan model that allows the details to change, with the zoned distribution of the various sections being reconsidered for each building given that certain options may or may not be possible depending on the premises and the project.

Another aspect of the specific way that the hospital is handled by Brunet Saunier Architecture is the attention given to the envelope, the building’s“skin”, which, from one project to another has been subject to considerable and continued reflection.

In contrast to the coldness of the orthogonal layout, an aspect dictated by the hospital’s function,great care is taken to assure the elegance of the building’s appearance.

随着经济发展、社会进步和人民生活水平的提高，山东省无棣县需水量日益增长，再加上县城工业园的形成，原有月湖水厂的供水能力将无法满足供水需求，无棣县水务局和无棣县自来水公司决定采用明湖水库水作为水源，新建一座5.0万m3/d的供水厂，一期实施2.5万m3/d的构筑物。

There are two reasons for this, one being contextual and the other an understanding of the need for local urban integration.

In Lagny, not far from Disneyland Paris, the hospital deliberately opposes a vulgar phantasmagorical universe through its austere and rational form.

In Cannes, the new hospital’s “skin” and the layout of its surrounds make reference to the Croisette with the intention of providing a public space known and familiar to those living in the town.

In Toulon, a “Rambla” effect is sought through the incorporation of a wide promenade laid out next to the future hospital designed by Brunet and Saunier,making reference to the typical large promenade spaces to be found in Mediterranean cities.

The typologies change from one project to another and the hospital, a clearly functional structure,contributes to local life. This equally important second aspect aims to prevent progressive standardisation from imposing itself. □

Company profile:

Jéroe Brunet, principal architect and Vincent Marchand, architect-engineer, manage the firm.

They are assisted by Gerold Zimmerli, our consultant architect for health care design.

Beside their activity in France, they have developped international activities in health care design and consulting, which include :

·in Geneva (Switzerland) : design for an extension of the university hospital (under study),

·in Brussels (Belgium): design for a new cancer center on the university hospital campus (under study),

·in Phnom Penh (Cambodia) : design for a private general hospital in collaboration with the vietnamese team Codesco (under construction),

·in Anh Giang (Vietnam) : competition for a general hospital in collaboration with Codesco,

·in Prague (Czech Republic): Preliminary studies for a private clinic.