单元点拨

王祥国

Module 10 Unit 1

1. claim 玽. & 玭.

1) 夺走(生命),导致死亡

例:Traffic accidents claim more than 60 thousand lives every year in China. 在中国,交通事故每年夺走6万多条生命。

2) 宣称,声称

例:Scientists claim to have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.

科学家宣称已发现这种疾病的治疗方法,但这还未得到证实。

3) 认领

例:If no one claims the lost umbrella, the person who found it can keep it. 如果没人认领遗失的雨伞,捡到的人可以自己留着。

4) 索赔,索要

例:Did you claim the insurance after the car accident? 车祸之后,你索要保险理赔了吗?

5) 获得,需要

例:The problem claims our undivided attention. 这问题需要我们全力关注。

拓展:(1) have a claim to… on sb. 对某人要求……权利

(2) lay claim to sth. 声称对……拥有权利

例:He had a claim to visiting his daughter on his former wife. 他向他的前妻要求有探视女儿的权利。

He laid claim to the property, for it was his mothers. 他声称对财产拥有继承权,因为是他母亲的财产。

2. power 玽. 给……提供动力,驱动

例:This new type of car is powered by both electricity and petrol. 这种新型汽车既可用电,又可用汽油提供动力。

玭. 1) 控制力,权力

例:The power of the government has increased greatly over the past century. 政府的权力在最近的一个世纪得到加强。

2) 上台执政,掌权

例:When Hitler came into power, he began to kill Jews in large numbers. 希特勒上台后,开始大肆屠杀犹太人。

3) 能量,电

例:Ive bought a lot of candles in case of power failure. 我买了许多蜡烛,以防备停电。

4) 能力,实力

例:He claimed to have the power to see into the future. 他声称有能力洞察未来。

拓展:have the power to do… 有做……的能力;have the power over… 对某事进行控制;

in power 在台上执政;in ones power 凭某人的能力;within / beyond ones power 在某人的能力范围以内 / 以外;at the height of ones powers 处于某人的顶峰; power station 发电站;power failure 停电

【词义辨析】power;strength;force;energy

(1) power 指权力,能力,控制,能量等意思。

(2) strength“力量,力气”,特指人或事物本身的“内力”,还可引申为,“长处,优点”等意思。

例:Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses. 每个人总有他的长处和短处。

(1) force“暴力,武力,强行,军队”,特指借助其它东西的“外力”。

(2) energy“能源,精力”。表示一个人做事的精力或指太阳能,风能,水能,电能,煤,石油,天然气的总称。

【即时操练】

(1) He takes regular exercise every day to build up his _______________.

(2) Tom seems full of _______________all day. He often works until deep into the night.

(3) The _______________ of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.

(4) I am afraid it is not in my _______________to help you.

答案:(1) strength (2) energy (3) force (4) power

3. alternative

1) 玭. 可供选择的事物

例: You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.

你的工资可以按周现金支取,也可以按月支票支取。二者可选其一。

2) 玜dj. 可供替代的

例:Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题?

拓展:alternative energy 替代性能源

例:Alternative energy resources are renewable, which means they can be used without running out. 替代性能源是可再生能源,即它们是用之不竭的能源。

【联想发散】

have no alternative but to do sth. =have no choice but to do sth.=cant choose but do sth.

【基础提升】

You have the _______________of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful.

A. selectionB. choice

C. alternativeD. option

答案:C。

4. transmit 玽.

1) 传输,发送 (信号,电波等)

例:The survivors of the shipwreck transmitted a distress signal every hour. 船难的幸存者每小时发送一次痛苦的信号。

2) 传播,传染 (病毒,疾病等)

例:The infection is transmitted by mosquitoes. 这种感染是通过蚊子来传播的。

拓展:transmit 的名词形式是transmission,the transmission of disease 疾病的传播

【词义辨析】transmit, transport, convey, transfer, transform, switch

1) transmit 特指信息,信号的“传送”,疾病的“传播”。

2) transport和convey都可表示运送人和物,convey还可表示“表达,传达,转达”各种情感。

3) transfer 指地点,工作岗位,交通方式等的“转变,变化”。

4) transform 指事物形式、外表或本质等发生“转变,变化”。

5) switch 指人或事发生突然或彻底的“变化”,也指工作的“转变”。

【即时操练】

1) This disease has been _______________from animals to humans.

2) Our governments anger was_______________to their ambassador.

3) In only 20 years, the country has been_______________into an advanced industrial power.

4) The football star is hoping to_______________to another European club soon.

5) Public buses are used to_______________passengers from one place to another.

6) He got tired of teaching and_______________to writing stories.

答案:1) transmitted 2) conveyed 3) transformed 4) transfer 5) transport / convey 6) switched

5. put pressure on 给……施加压力

put pressure on sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

例:The public put pressure on the government to change the law. 公众给政府施加压力,让其改变法律。

拓展:high blood pressure 高血压;be under pressure 在高压之下;be under pressure to do sth. 被迫做某事;at high pressure 拼命。

【基础提升】介词填空

1) He is_______________strong pressure to vote with the government on this issue.

2) The man worked_______________high pressure to complete the task in time.

答案:1) under 2) at

6. contribute to

1) 促使,导致

例:Smoking and drinking can contribute to lung diseases. 抽烟酗酒会导致肺病。

2) 捐赠,捐助

例:I contributed a pound to Janes birthday present. 我凑资1英镑帮助买简的生日礼物。

3) 投稿,撰稿

例:He regularly contributes to the college magazine. 他经常向校刊投稿。

拓展:表示“导致,促使”的相关词组有:lead to, result in, bring about等,contribute 的名词是contribution, make contributions to…对……做出贡献。

Module 10 Unit 2

1. suspect

1) 玭. 嫌疑犯,可疑对象

例:He was considered to be the prime suspect of the case. 他被认为是这桩案子的首要疑犯。

2) 玽. 怀疑,不相信

例:If you suspect that the meat has gone bad, dont eat it. 如果你怀疑肉变质了,就不要吃。

3) suspect sb. of sth. / doing sth. 怀疑某人某事 (有某种罪行)

例:He was dismissed from the factory after being suspected of theft. 在被怀疑有偷窃行为后,他被工厂开除。

4) suspect sb. to be 怀疑,猜疑某人是……

例:We suspect him to be the murderer, who is wanted by the police.

=We suspect that he is the murderer, who is wanted by the police.

我们猜疑他就是警察通缉的杀人犯。

拓展:suspicion 玭. 怀疑,嫌疑;under suspicion 受到怀疑;above suspicion不受怀疑;suspicious 玜dj. 猜疑的,疑心的,可疑的

【即时操练】

He was _______________of letting out state secrets deliberately and arrested last month.

A. doubtedB. suspected

C. expectedD. inspected

答案:B。

2. submit (to sth. / sb.)

1) 屈服,投降

例:He was losing the match ,but he would not submit to his opponent. 尽管快要输掉比赛,但他绝不向对手屈服。

2) 服从,听从

例:We will submit ourselves to the courts judgment. 我们将服从法庭的判决。

3) 递交,提交

例:They submitted the proposal to the committee for their approval. 他们向委员会提交议案以求得到批准。

4) 认为,建议 (根据法律的)

例:I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in the case. 我认为陪审团在这个案件里收到宣传报道的影响。

3. take advantage of 利用……

例:You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence. 你应该利用这好天气来油漆栅栏。

拓展:1) have an advantage over sb. in sth. 在某个方面比某人有优势

例:She has a big advantage over the other applicants for the job in teaching experience.

她在教学经验方面比其他的求职者有很大的优势。

2) be to ones advantage 对……有利;3) be at an advantage 处于优势地位;4) take advantage of = make use of;5) 请注意take… of 的短语,如:take care of, take hold of, take notice of, take charge of, take control of

【即时操练】

1) I felt that my friends were taking _______________of me as a free babysitter.

2) My parents tell me to take _______________of my health at school.

3) Some young people take no _______________of traffic rules and cause accidents.

4) The old man took_______________of the policemans hand and thanked him very much.

5) When the teacher is absent, the monitor takes_______________of the whole class.

6) The British army invaded France and took _______________of the country in 1637.

【答案】1) advantage 2) care 3) notice 4) hold 5) charge 6) control

4. take to (to 是介词)

1) 喜欢

例:She took to her new boss immediately after she entered the company. 她进入公司后马上对新老板产生了好感。

2) 开始从事

例:Just lately, he has taken to hiding his socks under the carpet. 最近,他开始喜欢把袜子藏在地毯下。

3) 逃入,躲藏

例:The criminals took to the hills to escape from the police. 犯罪分子躲入山中来逃避警察的追捕。

【联想发散】

take down拿下,记下,拆掉;take in吸收,收留,理解,欺骗;take off 起飞,脱下,成功,休假;take up占据,从事,拿起;take on呈现,雇佣;take over 接管;take away 拿走,带走;take out取出,拿出,除去;take back取回,收回

【即时操练】

1) I will go to hospital to have my bad tooth_______________.

2) His son will _______________the company after the manager retires.

3) He was_______________by the police for having a fight with others after drinking.

4) Dont be _______________by products which claim to help you lose weight in a week.

5) Yao Mings football career _______________after he joined the NBA.

6) He_______________drinking all day after his wife passed away.

7) The old man_______________jogging in the morning to keep healthy.

8) Our hometown_______________ a new look in the past few years.

【答案】1) taken out 2) take over 3) taken away 4) taken in 5) took off 6) took to 7) takes up 8) has taken on

5. account for

1) 说明 (事实),解释 (原因)

例:The defendant couldnt account for the fact that the money was found in his house. 被告无法解释钱在他家被发现的事实。

2) 报账

例:The accountant has to account to the chairman for how he spends the companys money. 会计不得不向主席报告公司的账目。

3) 占据 (比例)

例:About 200 students suffered from the flu, which accounted for nearly 20 percent of the whole school. 大约200名学生患流感,将近占了学校总学生数的20%。

拓展:account的名词还是account

1) 账目,账号

例:My salary is paid directly into my bank account. 我的薪水直接打入我的银行账号。

The accounts show that the business is improving. 账目表明生意正在好转。

2) 叙述,报告

例:This book gives us an account of what happened in the small town long ago. 这本书给我们描述了从前小镇所发生的事。

3) 考虑,估计

take account of sth. / take sth. into account 考虑某事

例:His exam results were not very good, but we must take into account his long absence from class. 他的考试结果不太好,但我们也必须考虑到他长期缺课

4) 理由,原因

on account of = because of 因为;on no account = by no means / in noway 绝不;on this / that account 因为这个 / 那个原因

例:Was it on account of what I said yesterday that he got angry? 是因为我昨天所说的他生气的吗?

On no account can you leave the baby alone in the house. 你绝不能把婴儿单独留在屋子里。

5) on ones own account 因为某人自己的利益

6) of great / no account= of great / no importance

6. look at

1) 看看 (欣赏之意)

例:May I look at your new evening dress? 我可以看看你的新晚礼服吗?

2) 检查

例:I asked the engineer to look at my car because I did not like the noise it was making. 我请这位工程师帮我检查车子,因为我不喜欢它产生的噪音。

3) 研究

例:The company is looking at a new way to market their latest products. 公司正在研究一种新方法来让最新产品投放市场。

4) 考虑

例:I wouldnt look at such a small offer. 我绝不会考虑这种小恩小惠。

5) 看看 (警告之意)

例:Look at Jackson; driving after drinking almost killed him. 看看杰克逊,酒后驾车差点要他的命。

【联想发散】

look after 照料;look for寻找;look up查询;look up to sb. 仰慕某人;look down on / upon sb.瞧不起某人;look into调查;look through浏览;look round 环视;look out当心,小心

【即时操练】

1) We can _______________some useful information on the computer for our written work.

2) Its wrong to_______________ the disabled people.

3) The case is _______________, and we are sure the murderer will be caught soon

4) My tooth feels painful. I would like to have it_______________by a dentist.

5) I dont want to buy anything. I _______________just.

【答案】

1) look up 2) look down upon / on 3) being looked into 4) looked at 5) am looking round