表示“建议劝告”

徐 元

英语中表示“建议、劝告”的动词主要有:

advise (美语advice)表示“劝告、忠告”;

persuade表示“劝服、说服”;

urge表示“催促、力劝、激励、怂恿别人去做某事”,语气上较其他词强烈;

suggest表示“提出计划、想法,让别人去思考、去做”;

propose 表示“提议、建议”,是正式的书面语,指要求对具体的计划、观点或主张加以考虑或同意,提出议题让会议表决等。

它们在用法上的区别如下:

(1) advise, persuade, urge之后可接动词不定式的复合结构,一般不能直接接动词不定式作宾语;

propose后面不能接动词不定式的复合结构,只能直接接动词不定式作宾语;

而suggest后既不能接动词不定式的复合结构,也不能直接接动词不定式。

例1I advised / persuaded / urged him to give up the foolish idea.我建议/说服/催促他放弃那愚蠢的念头。

例2I proposed to start early.我建议早一点出发。

(2) suggest, advise, propose可接动名词作宾语;

persuade后面不能接动名词,可用persuade sb. into doing sth.的结构,含义和persuade sb. to do sth. 相同。当表示去劝说但不一定成功时,多用try to persuade的结构。

例3They suggested / advised / proposed putting off the conference until the proper time. 他们建议将大会延期到恰当的时候再开。

例4How can we persuade the young into joining us? 我们怎样才能说服年轻人加入我们呢?

例5The wife tried to persuade her husband to give up gambling but it didnt work. 妻子劝丈夫戒赌,但他听不进。

例6I suggested / proposed his giving up the foolish idea.我提议他放弃那愚蠢的念头。(suggest和propose在口语里可接动名词的复合结构)

(3) suggest, advise, propose和urge都可接that引导的宾语从句,从句要用虚拟语气(...that sb should do,should可以省略);而persuade后面不能接这样的句型。

例7We suggested / advised / proposed / urged that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议/力劝他去向老师道歉。

(4) suggest接宾语从句,还可以表示“暗示、表明”的意思,但此时从句要用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气。

例8Her pale face suggested that she was in bad health. 她脸色苍白,表明她身体不太好。

【牛刀小试】

1. She advised that hehay while the sun shone.

A. would make B. makes C. make D. made

2. We tried toour teacher not to punish us for being late but failed.

A. advise B. persuade C. suggest D. propose

3. Its six oclock, so wethem to stay for dinner.

A. advised B. suggested C. proposed D. urged

4. The artistholding a bazaar(义卖会) for the victims of the earthquake.

A. urged B. proposed C. persuaded D. asked

5. She couldnt help beinginto buying those things she didnt need.

A. proposed B. advised C. persuaded D. suggested

6. When Ithat some villagers must have come in for a free drink at midnight, Mr. William shook his head.

A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. proposed