非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换

张　涛

在英语中，work，study，keep，live，know，wait等动词表示的动作或状态是可以延续的，被称为延续性动词。在动词的现在完成时态中，延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，但是，像come，go，arrive，leave，buy，join，die，begin等动词表示的动作是短暂的，不可延续的，被称为非延续性动词，它们不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时，常常出错。例如：

(误) Li Ming has bought the book for three days.

(正) Li Ming has had the book for three days.

(误) My father had joined the Party ten years ago.

(正) My father has been in the Party for ten years.

如果要表示动作的延续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下：

come/go/reach/arrive → be in/at，leave → be away from，borrow → keep，buy → have，join → be in/be a member of，die → be dead，start/begin → be on，finish/end → be over，open → be open(adj.)，close → be closed (adj.)，marry → be married

使用这两类动词时，我们还应注意以下两个问题：

1. 非延续性动词的否定式可以与for，since引起的时间状语连用。例如：

She hasnt bought any new clothes since last year.

2. 非延续性动词不能与for，since引起的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一意思。例如：

He has been away from Beijing for two years.

= He left Beijing two years ago.

= It is two years since he left Beijing.

= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.

巩固练习：用现在完成时改写下列句子，使A，B两句意思基本一致。每空填一词。

1. A. They came to our school in 1980.

B. They______________________our school since 1980.

2. A. The man died five years ago.

B. The man______________________for five years.

3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago.

B. The meeting______________________for two minutes.

Key：1. have，been，in 2. has，been，dead 3. has，been，on