盆底筋膜松解手法结合横纹肌、平滑肌电刺激治疗产后腹直肌分离的效果研究

2024-05-23 08:40徐璐欣魏威王清霞何琼珍
婚育与健康 2024年8期

徐璐欣 魏威 王清霞 何琼珍

【摘要】目的:探究盆底筋膜松解手法結合横纹肌、平滑肌电刺激治疗产后腹直肌分离的效果。方法:选取2022年3月—2024年3月我院收治的180例产后腹直肌分离患者,根据随机数字表法分3组,各组60例。A组采用自主锻炼治疗,B组采用横纹肌联合平滑肌电刺激治疗,C组在B组基础上增加盆底筋膜松解手法治疗,比较各组的临床效果。结果:A、B、C三组的总有效率分别为63.33%、71.67%、85.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,三组患者IRD、脐上围、脐围、脐下围及VAS评分均为C组

【关键词】盆底筋膜松解手法;肌电刺激;产后腹直肌分离

基金项目:2022年度中山市医学科研项目《盆底筋膜松解手法结合横纹肌、平滑肌电刺激治疗产后腹直肌分离的效果研究》(2022J096)

Study on the effect of pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation in the treatment of separation of rectus abdominis muscle after delivery

XU Luxin1, WEI Wei1, WANG Qingxia2, HE Qiongzhen1

1.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Shiqi Suhuazan Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China; 2.Department of Rehabilitation Treatment, Shiqi Suhuazan Hospital, Zhongshan Rehabilitation Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China

【Abstract】Objective:To explore the effect of pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation on the separation of rectus abdominis muscle after delivery. Methods:A total of 180 postpartum patients with rectus abdominalis separation admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected and divided into 3 groups according to random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. Group A was treated with independent exercise, group B was treated with striated muscle combined with smooth muscle electrical stimulation, group C was treated with pelvic floor fascia release manipulation on the basis of group B, and the clinical effects of all groups were compared.Results:The total effective rate of group A, B and C was 63.33%, 71.67% and 85.00%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, IRD, umbilical circumference, umbilical circumference, subumbilical circumference and VAS scores of the three groups were all group C < group B < group A, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pelvic floor fascia release technique combined with striated muscle and smooth muscle electrical stimulation can effectively improve the separation distance and pain of rectus abdominalis in patients with postpartum separation, and it is worth promoting in clinical practice.

【Key Words】Pelvic floor fascia release technique; Myoelectric stimulation; Postpartum separation of rectus abdominis

产后腹直肌分离(diastasis recti abdominis,DRA)是产妇产后常见的并发症,由于妊娠期增大的子宫会使腹部向两侧扩张,从而引起腹直肌向两侧分离,当分离距离≥2cm以上时,则为DRA患者[1]。DRA患者通常有腹壁松弛、腰背疼痛等问题,严重者可发生腹壁疝,严重影响患者的生活[2]。对于DRA患者通常采用保守治疗,即通过按摩、电刺激等方法来刺激腹部肌肉恢复功能。本研究旨在通过盆底筋膜松解手法结合横纹肌、平滑肌电刺激,探究其对治疗DRA患者的效果。

1 對象和方法

1.1 研究对象

选取2022年3月—2024年3月我院收治的180例产后腹直肌分离患者,根据随机数字表法分3组,各组60例。纳入标准:①经临床影像学检查确诊为DRA者;②足月单胎产妇;③IRD>2cm且盆底肌肌力3级及以上;④自愿签署知情同意书。排除标准:①合并妊娠期糖尿病、高血压患者;②合并恶性肿瘤者;③腹壁先天性发育不良者;④依从性较差者。

1.2 方法

A组采用自主锻炼治疗,患者每日居家自行进行腹式呼吸、桥式运动等运动,20 min/次,2次/d。B组采用横纹肌联合平滑肌电刺激治疗,患者取平卧位,将麦澜德治疗仪的圆形电极片分别粘贴于患者腹部腹直肌、腹横肌等肌肉,选择“腹直肌分离”程序。C组在B组的基础上增加盆底筋膜松解手法,患者取仰卧位,经电刺激后由医护人员对其实施腹部环摩、推腹、肾区按摩、捏腹肌、点揉、点穴法等手法。

1.3 观察指标

(1)比较各组临床治疗效果。腹直肌位置完全恢复,腰背疼痛消退视为显效;腹直肌距离显著减小,腰背疼痛明显减轻视为有效;无法获得以上结果视为无效,总有效率=显效率+有效率。(2)观察各组治疗前后IRD、脐上围、脐围、脐下围变化。采取超声对患者腹直肌间距(IRD)及腹围上中下(脐上3cm、肚脐中心及脐下3cm)进行测量。(3)采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者的疼痛程度,比较各组患者的疼痛程度。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计数资料采用(%)表示,进行x2检验,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,进行t检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 各组患者治疗效果的比较

A、B、C三组的总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 各组患者腹直肌距离、腹围和VAS评分的比较

治疗后,三组患者IRD、脐上围、脐围、脐下围及VAS评分均低于治疗前,且C组 3 讨论