基于主题意义备考读后续写——友情篇

唐孝云

一、总体分析

在以友情为主题的读后续写语篇中，由于朋友的类型不同，友情的发展阶段不同，发生的故事也不尽相同。总结近年来有关友情的读后续写真题和模拟题，故事多讲述与新朋友产生友情、与好朋友加深现在的友情、与老朋友珍惜旧时的友情三种类型，如下表所示：

二、主题意义分析与情节构建

（一）新友情（新朋友）

与新朋友产生友情类的故事情节大致可分为三种情况：第一种，主人公来到陌生环境遇到困难，同学主动提供幫助并与之成为朋友；第二种，主人公与陌生人在不断地互动与相处过程中，双方体会到彼此的友好与善良，成为朋友；第三种，主人公与不熟悉的同学因为某件事消除误解或刻板印象成为朋友。这三种类型的语篇旨在说明友情的来之不易或者交朋友不能只看表面而是要通过了解和相处。

（二）现友情（好朋友）

与好朋友发生的故事主要有三种类型：第一种，主人公与好朋友因为某件事产生误解，重归于好，旨在说明好朋友之间需要互相理解，互相信任，及时沟通，懂得珍惜，友情才能得到维系和发展。第二种，主人公与好朋友遇到困难或危险，互相帮助与扶持，战胜困难摆脱危险，体现患难见真情的主旨。第三种，主人公与好朋友为了维护友情，各自真心地付出，说明友情需要双方共同的努力和维护才能日久弥新。总之，在这三种类型的故事中，主人公之间的友情最终都得到了进一步的发展。

（三）旧友情（老朋友）

在读后续写语篇中，与感情深厚的老朋友之间发生的故事，一般来说，有两种情况：一种是多年之后，主人公与许久未联系的老朋友相聚。相聚之前忐忑不安，因为不确定是否能与老朋友重拾友情；在相聚之后，惊喜地发现友情依旧，真挚的友情可以长存。另一种则是主人公与常联系的老朋友克服困难相聚，体现出友情的双向奔赴和难能可贵。

总之，在构建故事情节前，要细读原文，理清故事主人公之间的朋友关系、友情发展阶段，有助于构建符合逻辑的续写情节。除此之外，注意抓住原文中对于友情双方的外貌、性格、兴趣爱好、共同的经历等方面的细节描写，这些往往是文章的伏笔，可灵活运用到续写情节中。

三、语料积累

（一）词汇

1. mess up 搞砸，弄乱

2. break up 解散，打碎，分解，分手

3. make up 弥补，和解，和好

4. be ashamed of 感到羞愧

5. feel guilty/embarrassed感到内疚/尴尬

6. mean to do sth. 打算做某事

7. cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事

8. brighten ones days 照亮某人的时光

9. break the silence 打破沉默

10. look into ones eyes 看着某人的眼睛

11. make an apology 道歉

12. ask for forgiveness 请求原谅

13. reach out to hug sb. 伸出手拥抱某人

14. exchange a glance with 交换眼神

15. clear up misunderstanding 消除误解

16. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

17. face/ overcome difficulties /obstacles /

challenges together 共同面对/战胜困难/障碍

18. develop mutual respect 建立起互相的尊重

19. wipe ones tears away 拭去某人的眼泪

20. cherish /treasure /value friendship 珍惜友情

21. become lifelong friends 成为一生的朋友

22. form lifelong friendship 形成一生的友情

23. hug each other tightly  紧紧地拥抱对方

24. tears welling up in ones eyes  眼泪盈眶

25. put yourself into others shoes 换位思考

26. treat sb. with kindness and sympathy 善待和同情某人

27. share sorrow and happiness with sb． 与某人分享悲伤与快乐

28. share opinions /thoughts /insights with sb. 与某人分享观点/想法/见解

（二）句型

积累的句型要能够构建出一个完整的故事，以下句型可以构成以友情为主题意义的不同故事情节。比如，故事一：新同学遇到了困难，主人公安慰鼓励、支持帮助他。新同学觉得温暖感动，然后共同努力解决困难，最终成为朋友。故事二：与好朋友产生误解，觉得伤心难过或尴尬内疚；沟通道歉后，得到理解原谅并和好如初，友情升华。

1. 遇到困难

（1） Obviously， that was something she should not go through alone．

显然，那不是她一个人就能解决的事。

（2） I struggled to hold my feelings back and told her what I had encountered．

我努力地抑制自己的感情，告诉了她我的遭遇。

（3） She kept her head down with her eyes fixed on the floor. 她低着头，眼睛盯着地面。

2. 安慰鼓励

（1） I wiped her tears away/stepped towards her and patted her on the shoulder gently， saying softly， “It will be OK.” 我为她擦掉眼泪/走向她，轻轻地拍着她的肩膀，轻声安慰道：“没事儿的。”

（2） Then Jennifer put her arm around me and said， “Let me help you.” 然后，珍妮佛环抱着我，说：“我帮你。”

（3） He tapped me on the shoulder gently， and said in an encouraging voice， “You can make it.” 他温柔地拍着我的肩膀，鼓励我说：“你会成功的。”

（4） Kim reached her hand over to grasp mine， comforting “ Everything will be fine.”金伸出她的手握住我的，安慰道：“一切都会好起来的。”

3. 支持帮助

（1） She then guided me through the process step by step until I completed my schedule. 然后，她一步一步地指导我，直到我完成计划。

（2） With a gleam of concern in her eyes， she said she was sorry and offered to find my next class.她眼里流露出关心的神情，说她很抱歉，并提出要幫我找下一节课。

（3） Jose still stayed with me and stood by me， offering support and encouragement.乔什仍然陪着我，站在我身边，给予我支持与鼓励。

（4） “Lets face and overcome it together.” Sadie said firmly. From then on， Sadie tried all means to help Ren. “我们一起面对一起战胜它。”姗迪坚定地说。从那以后，她用尽方法帮助雷恩。

4. 温暖感动

（1） Like a ray of sunshine， the big smile on her face swept away my gloom.像一缕阳光，她脸上灿烂的笑容一扫我的忧郁。

（2） So moved was I that I extended my heartfelt gratitude to him. 我非常感动，向他表达了衷心的感谢。

（3） I hugged my friends tightly， joyful tears rolling in my eyes. 我紧紧地拥抱着我的朋友们，喜悦的泪水在眼眶里打转。

（4） Zara felt the warmth surging through her body， glowing with happiness/tears welling up in her eyes. 扎拉感觉温暖在她的身体里涌动，整个人都闪着幸福的光芒/眼里涌出了泪水。

5. 共同努力

（1） It was pleasant to find that we made a great team. 很高兴发现我们组成了一个很好的团队。

（2） We trusted each other and shared sorrow and happiness together. 我们互相信任，一起分享悲伤与幸福。

（3） As time went by， our collaboration became harmonious/we found us a perfect combination/we teamed up together gradually. 随着时间的流逝，我们的合作变得和谐/我们发现我们是一个完美的组合/我们逐渐合作起来。

（4） We plunged right into the task/We spent hours discussing the books we read， brainstorming a string of brilliant ideas/sharing our thoughts and insights/sharing our passion and wisdom without holding back. 我们投入到任务中/我们花了很多时间讨论读过的书，集思广益/分享我们的想法和见解/分享我们的热情与智慧。

6. 伤心难过

（1） There was an invisible heavy weight around her heart. 她的心被一股无形的重量压着。

（2） When she saw Sarahs watery eyes， her heart beat painfully. 当看到眼泪婆娑的莎拉，她感到很心痛。

（3） Trembling and sobbing uncontrollably， he collapsed on the ground， feeling alone and betrayed. 他不受控制地颤抖着，抽泣着，瘫倒在了地上，感到的是孤独和背叛。

7. 尴尬内疚

（1） The embarrassment was heavy like a dark shadow.尴尬像黑影一般沉重。

（2） Guilt came crowding in/Blood rushing to my face， I felt I was to blame for this/I forced a smile.内疚感涌上心头/血涌上我的脸，我觉得我应该为此负责/我挤出了一个微笑。

（3） A terrible pang of regret flashed through me/An overwhelming sense of shame almost swallowed me， and I felt tightness in my throat.一阵悔恨的剧痛闪过我的全身/一种势不可挡的羞耻感几乎把我吞没，我感到喉咙发紧。

（4） With tears swirling in her eyes， she blinked hard to fight them back， feeling a mixture of regret and gratitude. 眼泪在眼眶中打转，她使劲眨着眼，想要忍回去，心里又后悔又感激。

8. 沟通道歉

（1） He wept， sincerely apologized to Debbie for his wrong behavior and then they had a sincere face-to-face talk. 他哭了，为他的错误行为真诚地向黛比道歉，然后他们进行了一次真诚的面对面的交谈。

（2） Looking into his eyes， I made a sincere apology， with face reddening. 看着他的眼睛，我真诚地道歉，脸涨得通红。

（3） With my head lowered/Tears streaming down， I murmured， “Sorry， it was my fault.” 我低着头/流着泪，低声说：“对不起，是我的错。”

（4） Blushed/Embarrassed， she broke the silence， “I am sorry. I didnt mean to hurt you.” 她红着脸/她尽管觉得尴尬，打破了沉默，说：“对不起。我不是故意要伤害你。”

（5） This time I will not hesitate to be the one to reach out and build a bridge of communication to clear up the misunderstanding between us. 这一次，我将毫不犹豫地伸出手来，搭建一座沟通的桥梁，消除我们之间的误解。

9. 理解原谅

（1） She lifted her misty eyes and nodded/She stood up and reached out to hug me， “You mean a lot to me.” 她抬起模糊的双眼，点了点头/她站起来，伸出双手拥抱我，说：“你对我来说，很重要。”

（2） Slowly， Kashs gloomy expression transformed into a smile， saying “Im sorry for being so sensitive and you two mean a lot to me/thank you for your tolerance.” 慢慢地，卡什陰郁的表情变成了微笑，说：“我很抱歉这么敏感，你们两个对我来说很重要/谢谢你的包容。”

（3） We hugged each other and I apologized for being angry at him at that time when I should have been more understanding. 我们拥抱在一起，我为当时生他的气道歉，当时我应该更理解他的。

（4） Hearing this， she turned around and threw her arms around me， “It was I who was too sensitive. Thank you for your understanding.”听到这些话，她转过身，环抱着我，说：“是我太敏感了。谢谢你的理解。”

10. 和好如初

（1） After that， we became good friends again. 从那以后，我们又是好朋友了。

（2） This was my most touching moment—being reunited with a close friend. 这是我最感动的时刻——与一位亲密的朋友团聚。

（3） It was at that moment did we both realize we were an indispensable part of each others life. 直到那时，我们俩才意识到我们是彼此生命中不可或缺的一部分。

（4） Although the friendship path between Avery and me was once a little rough， we eventually enjoyed the sweetness from each other. 虽然我和艾弗里之间的友谊之路曾经有些坎坷，但我们最终享受到了彼此的甜蜜。

11. 开心激动

（1） My heart nearly burst out of my body. 我的心几乎都要蹦出来了。

（2） Holding the present tightly， she couldnt help laughing/crying， her eyes glistening with happiness and gratitude. 手紧握着礼物，她情不自禁地笑了/哭了，眼里充满了幸福与感激。

（3） We hugged tightly， sheer excitement radiating from our lightened cheeks.我们紧紧地拥抱在一起，兴奋的情绪从我们明亮的脸颊上散发出来。

（4） Tears of joy and relief poured down our cheeks. 喜悦和宽慰的泪水顺着我们的脸颊流下来。

（5） Justin grinned from ear to ear with the huge load off his mind. 卸下了心头的沉重负担，贾斯丁笑得合不拢嘴。

12. 成为朋友

（1） After that night， a lasting friendship was forged between Kim and I， adding color to our college days.那天晚上之后，我和金結下了长久的友情，为我们的大学时光增添了色彩。

（2） From then on， we became good friends and we both made great progress in our studies. 从那以后，我们成了好朋友，在学习上都取得了很大的进步。

（3） They began to play together， cheerful laughter echoing in the air.他们开始一起玩耍，欢快的笑声在空中回荡。

（4） On our way home， we talked a lot and I was surprised to find we had a lot in common.在回家的路上，我们谈了很多，我惊讶地发现我们有很多共同点。

（5） I realized that our project had become more than just an assignment/task； it had become a symbol of our friendship/a journey of friendship and growth. 我意识到我们的项目已经不仅仅是一项任务，它已成为我们友谊的象征/一次友谊和成长的旅程。

13. 友情升华

（1） This is a true friendship that I will treasure for the rest of my life. 这是一段真正的友谊，我将终生珍惜。

（2） It may be hard but fixing a broken friendship will leave it stronger than before. 修复一段破裂的友谊可能很难，但会让它比以前更加牢固。

（3） Their meeting turned out to be so wonderful and their friendship survived the passage of time.他们的会面结果是如此的美妙，他们的友谊经受住了时间的考验。

（4） Sometimes， the thing youre most uncomfortable with at first turns out to be the most memorable experience of your life. 有时候，一开始让你最不舒服的事情，结果却是你一生中最难忘的经历。

（5） Never would I forget the pure feelings that Kim had given me and this lifelong friendship would continue to mould my whole life.我永远不会忘记金给我的纯洁的感情，这终身的友谊将继续塑造我的人生。

（6） If we really value our friends and friendship， always cherish their presence and show willingness to maintain and nurture the relationship. 如果我们真的珍惜朋友和友谊，就应该珍惜他们的存在，并愿意维护和培养这种关系。

（7） We exchanged a knowing smile， realizing that sincerity， trust and communication are always the key to clearing up the misunderstanding between friends. 我们会心一笑，意识到真诚、信任和沟通永远是消除朋友间误解的关键。

四、实例分析

（2022年1月浙江卷）阅读下面短文， 根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。

When Dr. Henderson was assigning（指定） project mates for his psychology class， I secretly hoped he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all， I hoped he wouldnt assign me to work with the fiercely competitive， extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate（命运）would have it， Dr. Henderson very deliberately matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.

I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I werent there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasnt mean or abusive； he just gave me the impression he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.

Needless to say， I didnt look forward to an entire term of being brushed off， but I tried to make the best of it and didnt say anything for fear that I would make things worse.

The project required each team to develop a hypothesis （假說）， set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.

When my teammate and I met to discuss our project， I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had a reputation for single-mindedness and good grades—the exact opposite of me. I was outmatched. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point， but stopped short because I didnt want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out. I decided to stick to it no matter what.

After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being of teenagers. I wasnt sure what it meant exactly， but at least we had a topic.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为 150 左右：

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1： We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.

Paragraph 2： One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.

（一）原文故事主要内容

原文故事讲述在心理课上，老师将学生配对完成项目，主人公“我”希望和好朋友分到一组。但事与愿违，老师将“我”与最不喜欢的学霸同学分到了一组。我们性格完全相反，是很不匹配的一组。虽然不情愿，但是“我”仍然决定与学霸同学合作，并确定了项目的课题。

（二）主题意义分析与情节构建

1. 确定朋友类型和故事类型

原文故事讲述的是与新朋友之间发生的故事，主人公“我”和学霸是同学但不熟。原文故事类型应属于与新朋友发生的第三种类型的故事，主人公与不熟悉的同学因为某件事消除误解或刻板印象成为朋友。续写情节应该是主人公“我”在与学霸同学合作完成学习项目的过程中，逐渐熟悉，互相了解。不仅“我”改变了对他的刻板印象，两人也互相支持共同努力完成了项目，最终成为朋友。

2.分析段首句，构建续写情节

第一段段首句为“We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.”根据段首句，第一段续写情节是主人公“我”与学霸同学定期见面，按部就班地完成项目。在相处的过程中，“我”发现他与之前的刻板印象有所不同，我们渐渐熟悉，关系慢慢发展，友情开始萌芽。

第二段段首句为“One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease.”分析段首句可知，在第二段主要续写虽然学霸生病，但是“我”与学霸同学互相鼓励支持，不仅完成项目，而且成为朋友。

在构建情节时，注意原文中对学霸性格的描写。原文描写学霸是一个喜欢穿黑衣服，竞争意识特别强且很严肃的家伙。他做事专心致志，成绩好，与“我”的性格完全相反。在续写时，构建的情节在遵循以上主线的基础上，增加一些与这些描写的对比，形成反差，会使故事更具有戏剧性。

（三）续写故事

根据续写分析和构建的情节，灵活运用语料续写故事：

Paragraph 1： We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans. At first， I was afraid to express my ideas and only followed his instructions. As time went by， our collaboration became harmonious. Once， I gathered my courage to share my opinions. Surprisingly， I found that he was open to my ideas and suggestions. He listened attentively and even seemed to value my views. I realized that he was not serious towards me but to the project. From then on， I plunged right into the project， sharing my thoughts with him without holding back. As we went into the project， we began to develop mutual respect for each others strengths and weaknesses. We conducted thorough research and carefully planned our experiment. It was pleasant to find that we made a great team. （123 words）

Paragraph 2： One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital for a serious disease. Shocked and concerned， I rushed to the hospital， hoping that he would be alright. When I arrived there， I found him lying in bed， pale and weak. Seeing through my worries， he comforted me that he wasnt seriously ill and encouraged me to complete the project. Despite the setback， we remained optimistic and determined to overcome this obstacle together. I realized that our project had become more than just an assignment； it had become a symbol of our friendship. Our hard work and perseverance paid off. We received an A for our project， but more importantly， we had formed a lifelong friendship. Sometimes， the thing youre most uncomfortable with at first turns out to be the most memorable experience of your life. （124 words）

五、模擬训练

（2023年广东省二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I looked up from my desk to see the teacher writing on the board： “Battle of the Books！” She smiled and said， “This time its a teamwork. Youre going to be in teams of two， and set a reading goal. Every team that meets their goal by the end of the month will get a prize！” The lunch bell sounded before she could explain any more rules．

As I gathered my things， Liya passed my desk and said， “Teammates？” Since Liya and I shared the same interest in graphic novel（漫画小说）， and we took Hindi language class together， we teamed up automatically. I was both relieved and excited to have my team. Then we got to the cafeteria and quickly threw out a bunch of ideas of what to do at our table.

I looked to our third friend Kash， with whom the three of us always do stuff together， “Kash， do you have ideas for us？” “Why would I give you guys ideas？” he said gloomily（阴沉地）. “Ill save that for my team…whoever that is. Now I see how I rank in the friendship lineup.” Kash replied in an angry tone．

I knew he was mad for a reason. If I were him， not only would I think that I ranked last in that group， but Id also be panicking about what team I could join. But now， I was on the inside and Kash wasnt. I felt like the only way to fix this would be three people on a team. So， as the teacher walked by our table， I asked for her permission. What surprised me was that she had intended to draw names to assign random groups， but didnt get a chance to say it before lunch．

Awkward and frustrated， we were stuck in this dilemma. Having first teamed up without Kash didnt mean we didnt like him. I knew we—especially I—wouldnt be able to enjoy any prize if our friend felt bad about being left out. So， I decided to do something to make it up for him and convince Kash he was an equal friend．

注意：

1. 续写词数应为 150 左右：

2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Paragraph 1： That night， I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.

Paragraph 2： The next day， I handed my pages of apology to Kash.

（一）原文故事主要内容

原文故事讲述_________________

（二）主题意义分析与情节构建

1. 确定朋友类型和故事类型

原文故事中，主人公_____，_____，_____三个人的朋友类型是_____。故事类型属于_____，讲述_____；续写情节是_____。

2.分析段首句，构建续写情节

根据第一段段首句，第一段续写情节是_____。

根据第二段段可知，第二段续写情节是_____。

根据主题意义分析以及正能量原则，故事的结局是_____。

（三）续写故事

Paragraph 1： That night， I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.

Paragraph 2： The next day， I handed my pages of apology to Kash.

________________________

参考答案

（一）原文故事主要内容

原文故事讲述老师布置了一个任务，需要分小组完成，作者和Liya先组成了一队，这让他们共同的好朋友Kash感到失落和生气，觉得自己是三人朋友中排名最后的。作者决定做点什么消除误解，让Kash明白他是一个平等的朋友。

（二）主题意义分析与情节构建

1. 确定朋友类型和故事类型

原文故事中，主人公I，Liya，Kash三个人的朋友类型是有共同爱好的好朋友。故事类型属于好朋友之间发生的故事，讲述主人公与好朋友产生了误解，续写情节应该是主人公想办法消除误解，最终和好如初，并且友情得到进一步的发展，说明友情需要互相理解和信任。

2.分析段首句，构建续写情节

根据第一段段首句，第一段续写情节是主人公“我”想到了消除误解的办法，并且与他们共同的爱好漫画小说有关。

根据第二段段首句，第二段续写情节是“我”和Liya道歉的过程及好朋友Kash的反应。

根据主题意义分析以及正能量原则，故事结局是Kash原谅了“我”和Liya，三个好朋友终于和好，并且明白了朋友需要宽容、沟通与信任，友情得到了进一步发展。

（三）续写故事

A possible version：

Paragraph 1： That night， I was struck by an idea as I read a graphic novel that all three of us liked.I would be the one to reach out and build a bridge of communication to clear up the misunderstanding. Delighted and excited， I started to draw a story about three good friends just like us. The three friends not only shared their sorrow and happiness but also faced difficulties together. Everyone would play a valuable part when facing challenges， which made them understand that they were stronger together than apart. Inspired by this， I wrote on the last page， “Kash， you are not the one left behind and we value our friendship greatly.” As soon as I finished the story， I couldnt wait to share my idea with Liya. Then we decided to present Kash with the story and made up with him the next day. （126words）

Paragraph 2： The next day， I handed my pages of apology to Kash. As he read through the story and my heartfelt words， I could see a mixture of surprise and gratitude in his eyes. Looking into Kashs eyes， I broke the silence， “I am sorry. We messed up.We valued your friendship.” Liya also made a sincere apology， with face reddening. Slowly， Kashs gloomy expression transformed into a smile. He reached to hug us， saying “Im sorry for being so sensitive.” In the following days， we spent countless hours discussing the books we read， sharing our thoughts and insights. The Battle of the Books became a journey of friendship and growth. From that day on， we realized that sincerity， trust and communication are always the key to clearing up the misunderstanding between friends. （128 words）

六、結语

总之，在备考友情类读后续写时，首先，深入解读文章内容和主题，正确判断故事主人公之间的关系是新朋友、好朋友还是老朋友；然后确定朋友之间是产生误会还是遇到困难或是久别重逢；另外，关注原文对故事主人公的外貌、性格、兴趣爱好、共同经历等的描写；最后，基于对原文的解读构建故事情节，并运用积累的语料写出符合逻辑、与原文协同的故事。

责任编辑 吴昊雷