王江涌 曹慧杰 范海梅
“諸城模式”是中国农业农村发展的优秀代表,是改革开放发展历程的缩影,也是在商品经济大合唱、贸工农一体化、农业产业化等不同阶段创新探索成果的总成。诸城的探索,引领着新时代农村发展的方向。作为潍坊国家农业开放发展综合实验区的辐射区,近年来,诸城市以习近平总书记肯定“诸城模式”为动力,借鉴自身历史上中小企业产权制度改革经验,通过“股份合作改革”,把碎片化的资源要素整合起来,推进“资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东”,实现 “确权确股不确地”“离乡离土不离权”。同时,诸城坚持以工兴农、以城带乡、县域统筹、城乡融合,唱响了支部建在网格上、党组织引领合作社、千企兴千社“股份合作三部曲”。
共同富裕,关键在党,核心在人。诸城市紧紧抓住人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题,健全“一五七三”机制,实现发展和服务向社区聚集、治理向网格聚焦。
“一”是强化党的领导这一核心。牢固树立“大抓基层、大抓支部、大抓书记”的导向,抓党建促乡村振兴,以党建引领基层治理,推进社区网格党支部实体化标准化规范化运行,构建一贯到底的治理服务体系。
“五”是坚持“五有标准”。按照有人管事、有钱办事、有地议事、有权定事、有章理事的“五有标准”,建好社区网格党支部。
“七”是履行“七项职责”。在引领股份合作社、引领红色物业等七个领域下功夫,实现上级推动事项落实顺、群众反映问题即时处理顺,信访、舆情、12345热线问题量“三个下降”。
“三”是三个统筹。统筹党建资源,健全城乡党组织联建机制,打造“永不走的乡村服务队”。统筹行政资源,健全“网格呼叫、部门报到”机制,解决“看得见的管不了、管得了的看不见”问题。统筹公检法资源,健全纠纷化解机制,构建“分类处置—调解优先—司法终结—信访兜底”闭环机制,全面提升基层法治化治理水平。
农村生产力发展到什么程度,就要有什么样的生产经营方式与之相适应。诸城市根据农村发展实际,深入推进农村社区化管理,创新农村经营组织形式,把“党组织引领合作社”打造为联结农户集体、对接市场的市场化主体。
推进土地股份合作。在推进土地股份合作过程中,鼓励引导农户以土地经营权入股,村集体以村庄整治、宅基地复垦等新增土地和“四荒”地入股,确权确股不确地,统一对外招租、托管给各类市场主体,获取稳定收益。
探索资产整合股份合作。引导村集体以基础设施、山林资源、经营性建设用地等入股,农民以土地经营权、闲置房屋等入股,建设生态观光、农事体验、餐饮民宿等,打包对外出租,丰富农村业态、推动融合发展。
瞄准劳务服务股份合作。组织农村闲散劳动力开展专业技术培训,承接田间耕种、农资购销、物业管理等劳务服务,补充农业农村社会化服务供给。支持发展农业和农村经济的建设项目,优先委托有条件的合作社实施,政府或国有公司主导的高标准农田建设、小型水利设施建设等,优先考虑与有施工实力的合作社合作。
稳妥推进生产经营股份合作。合作社通过独立经营、入股各类市场主体等方式,开展粮食种植、畜禽养殖、农产品加工等经营项目。原则上,村集体持股比例不得低于20%,达不到占股比例或者村集体入股资产资源较少的,可考虑以资金入股。
诸城市通过市场化组建运营股份合作社172家,入股土地4.9万亩,带动入社农户和集体增收4588万元。其中,相州镇小梧村股份合作社将1700余亩土地整合成“一块田”,种植的“济麦22”以807.03公斤创造了潍坊市小麦单产最高纪录,“种粮能挣钱”的梦想照进了现实;常山片区因地制宜成立16家股份合作社,建成苹果乐园、华迈仓储物流等项目,被评为首批乡村振兴齐鲁样板省级示范区。“股份+合作”的改革东风全面激活了诸城市农村资源要素,吹活了农村集体经济增收这一池春水。
推动农民共同致富必须充分挖掘农村各类资源要素,诸城市积极引导企业与党组织引领合作社的对接合作,形成“党组织+股份合作社+农业龙头企业”利益共同体,高效盘活农村资产资源,实现“乘数效应”,被评为全省“万企兴万村”行动典型县。
突破传统种养瓶颈。以抓工业招商的理念抓农业招商,紧盯国企央企、涉农龙头企业,组织合作社,大力开展产业链招商、园区招商。开展“吨半粮”产能建设,社企合作繁育小麦、玉米,创潍坊单产最高纪录。推广“零增地”扩产,推行“拎包入园”“合同代养”等模式,减少2/3的人工成本,节约土地1.7万亩,连续17年被评为全国生猪调出大县,入选全国生猪全产业链典型县、全省现代农业强县、全省畜牧业稳产保供优秀市县。山东为全国贡献10头猪,就有1头出自诸城,贡献20只鸡,就有1只出自诸城。
锻造特色产业链条。引导涉农龙头企业完善联农带农机制,组建农业产业化联合体,发展订单农业、有机农业,建设农综区农产品加工示范区。因地制宜发展果茶、榛子等特色产业,打造“产加销一体化”产业链。“诸城绿茶”等4个产品入选2023年第二批全国“名特优新”农产品名录。“鸿雨抹茶”入选首批中国农耕农品记忆索引名录。甘泉岭绿茶“中白一号”获评中国茶叶科技年会五星名茶。
打造百亿产业集群。抢抓预制菜发展机遇,建设“大国味道”全国预制菜产業生态平台,打通可追溯供应链、拓展全场景消费链、提高全产业价值链。参与制修订预制菜国家标准。目前,诸城拥有省级以上农业龙头企业18家,其中国家级5家,90%农产品就地转化增值,位列2023年全国预制菜产业基地百强榜第二,入选省第三批农产品出口产业集聚区、省胶东肉鸡优势特色产业集群核心区。
诸业农为本,农兴诸业成。随着“诸城模式”不断被赋予新内涵,这座物阜民丰的古邑名城,正以崭新的姿态屹立于潍坊大地,踏踏实实走好“农业路”,勤勤恳恳书写“农字书”,在时光的奔流中勇立潮头、在新时代的激流中奋楫扬帆、在乡村振兴的希望田野上尽情挥写,呈现出一幅诸城式农业现代化的满意答卷。
编辑/郭晓娟
“Zhucheng Model” Composes a New Chapter on Modern Agriculture
In recent years, motivated by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s affirmation of the “Zhucheng Model”, Zhucheng has drawn upon its historical experience in the reform of the SME property right system, and integrated fragmented resource factors by means of the “shareholding cooperation reform” to advance the“conversion of resources into assets, funds into equity capital, and farmers into shareholders”, and to realize the “confirmation of land rights by shares, not by land” and the “departing from farming and hometown without separation from land rights”. Meanwhile, Zhucheng has been insisting on promoting agriculture by industry, developing rural areas through urban development, county-level coordination and urban-rural integration, and launched the “Trilogy of Shareholding Cooperation” with party branches built on grids, cooperatives led by party organizations, and one thousand cooperatives developed by one thousand enterprises.
Efforts have been made to build a strong fighting bastion by strengthening the building of party branches, and laying a solid foundation. Focusing on the most direct and most realistic interests, about which the people are most concerned, Zhucheng has improved the “one-five-seven-three”mechanism, and realized development and services oriented to communities, and governance focused on grids.
Efforts have been made to activate rural assets and resources by shareholding cooperation, and win-win cooperation. According to the practical condition of rural development, Zhucheng has further advanced rural community-based management, made innovations on the forms of rural management and organization, and built the “cooperatives led by party organizations” into the market-oriented main body for uniting the farmers’ collective and interacting with the market.
Efforts have been sped up in allround rural revitalization through the development of cooperatives by one thousand enterprises, and joint building and creation. Zhucheng has actively guided enterprises and party organizations to lead the interaction and cooperation with cooperatives, established a community of “party organizations + share cooperatives+ leading rural enterprises” with shared interests, efficiently revitalized rural assets and resources, and realized the “multiplier effect”. In addition, the city has been rated as a typical county in Shandong’s “development of ten thousand villages by ten thousand enterprises” action.