小切口面部除皱术联合自体脂肪面部填充在面部年轻化治疗中的应用效果

2024-01-02 21:07袁欣
医学美学美容 2023年23期

袁欣

【摘 要】目的 探討面部年轻化治疗中应用自体脂肪面部填充联合小切口面部除皱术的效果。方法 选取2018年2月-2023年2月于本院行面部年轻化治疗的30例患者为研究对象,依据治疗方法不同分为单独组和联合组,各15例。单独组采用小切口面部除皱术治疗,联合组采用自体脂肪面部填充联合小切口面部除皱术治疗,比较两组面部定量指标、下颌缘、鼻唇沟形态评分、面部皮肤检测指标、临床疗效、美容满意度及并发症发生情况。结果 联合组治疗后双侧颧点间距、瞳孔垂线和鼻唇沟交点到瞳孔点距离、瞳孔垂线与口裂线和鼻底线在下颌轮廓交点弧度均小于单独组(P<0.05);联合组治疗后下颌缘形态、鼻唇沟形态评分均低于单独组(P<0.05);联合组治疗后弹性、水分评分高于单独组,斑点、油脂评分低于单独组(P<0.05);联合组治疗优良率为93.33%,高于单独组的80.00%(P<0.05);联合组美容满意度评分均高于单独组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 小切口面部除皱术联合自体脂肪面部填充的面部年轻化治疗效果优于单独小切口面部除皱术,可改善面部定量指标和面部皮肤检测指标,优化下颌缘、鼻唇沟形态,且不会增加不良反应发生风险,患者满意度较高。

【关键词】面部年轻化手术;自体脂肪面部填充;小切口面部除皱术

中图分类号:R622 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-4949(2023)23-0057-04

Application Effect of Small Incision Facial Rhytidectomy Combined with Autologous Fat Facial Filling in Facial Rejuvenation Treatment

YUAN Xin

(Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Guangzhou Yuandong Aesthetic Hospital, Guangzhou 510403, Guangdong, China)

【Abstract】Objective To explore the effect of autologous fat facial filling combined with small incision facial rhytidectomy in facial rejuvenation surgery. Methods From February 2018 to February 2023, 30 patients who underwent facial rejuvenation treatment in our hospital were selected as the research objects. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into single group and combined group, with 15 patients in each group. The single group was treated with small incision facial rhytidectomy, and the combined group was treated with autologous fat facial filling combined with small incision facial rhytidectomy. The facial quantitative indexes, mandibular margin, nasolabial sulcus morphological scores, facial skin detection indexes, clinical efficacy, cosmetic satisfaction and complications were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the distance between bilateral zygomatic points, the distance from the intersection of the pupil vertical line and the nasolabial groove to the pupil point, and the radian of the intersection of the pupil vertical line and the mouth fissure line and the nasal bottom line in the mandibular contour were smaller than those in the single group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of mandibular margin morphology and nasolabial groove morphology in the combined group were lower than those in the single group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of elasticity and moisture in the combined group were higher than those in the single group, and the scores of spots and oil were lower than those in the single group (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of treatment in the combined group was 93.33%, which was higher than 80.00% in the single group (P<0.05). The cosmetic satisfaction score of the combined group was higher than that of the single group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The facial rejuvenation treatment effect of small incision facial rhytidectomy combined with autologous fat facial filling is better than that of single small incision facial rhytidectomy, which can improve the facial quantitative index and facial skin detection index, optimize the morphology of mandibular margin and nasolabial groove, and will not increase the risk of adverse reactions. Meanwhile, the patient satisfaction is high.

【Key words】Facial rejuvenation surgery; Autologous fat facial filling; Small incision facial rhytidectomy

临床上,面部年轻化手术类型较多,不同术式的近远期效果也存在一定差异[1,2]。面部除皱术是一种无创伤的除皱方法,不会留下任何痕迹,无需开刀、注射,效果确切,但由于个体情况不同,效果呈现上也会存在一定差异。自体脂肪面部填充(autologous fat facial filling)是将自身其他部位的脂肪填充到面部,达到面部年轻化的效果,是目前应用较为广泛的医美术式。脂肪注射到面部后,可改善面部皮肤质地,进一步提升皮肤的白皙度与光泽度。本研究对小切口面部除皱术联合自体脂肪面部填充在面部年轻化治疗中的应用效果进行探究,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2018年2月-2023年2月于广州远东美容医院行面部年轻化治疗的30例患者为研究对象,依据治疗方法不同分为单独组和联合组,各15例。联合组男5例,女10例;年龄33~62岁,平均年龄(47.25±5.16)岁。单独组男4例,女11例;年龄34~63岁,平均年龄(47.74±5.25)岁。两组性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究可比。

1.2 纳入与排除标准 纳入标准:凝血功能正常;意识清晰,精神状态良好;符合手术指征;自愿签署知情同意书。排除标准:面部存在重症感染者;合并免疫系统疾病者。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 单独组 采用小切口面部除皱术治疗:局麻后,于两额顶部与颞部做一小切口,沿着帽状腱膜向前、向下向眉弓上、眉间鼻根部位剥离,将患者的额肌、皱眉肌纵横切断。沿着颞浅筋膜深层向前向外眦、颧突部位分离,继续向颈扩肌浅层延伸,沿着胸锁乳突肌切开颈扩肌,向与下颌角相距4 cm位置钝性分离,对颈扩肌内侧4~6 cm左右的部位进行剥离,提紧缝合下颌颈部浅浅表肌腱膜系统筋膜、额颞部筋膜、颊腮腺、眼轮匝肌,操作中应避免损伤面部神经。缝合边缘,加固缝合高位颞深筋膜。上提悬吊患者颈阔肌瓣,切除多于皮肤。术后常规留置引流管,应用抗生素预防感染。

1.3.2联合组 采用自体脂肪面部填充联合小切口面部除皱术治疗:给予患者局部麻醉,抽取患者的脐下褶皱部位或腹股沟脂肪,若所需脂肪填充量较多,则更换部位多次抽取。将上述抽取出来的脂肪沉淀并过滤后,保留脂肪颗粒。标记好需要填充的面部部位,向其均匀推注脂肪颗粒,注射后以轻柔的动作对填充部位进行按摩,均匀填充脂肪颗粒,使患者面部平整、对称得到有效保证。术后冰敷患者填充部位,1周内严格避免按压填充部位的现象。

1.4 观察指标

1.4.1面部定量指标 术后1个月采用比表面积测定仪测量患者的双侧颧点间距、瞳孔垂线和鼻唇沟交点到瞳孔点距离、瞳孔垂线與口裂线和鼻底线在下颌轮廓交点弧度。

1.4.2下颌缘、鼻唇沟形态评分 依据患者不同动作时的下颌缘、鼻唇沟表现评估,好、可、一般、差分别计为0、1、2、3分[3]。

1.4.3面部皮肤检测指标 包括弹性、水分、斑点、油脂4项,分值均为0~30分,评分越高表示弹性越好、水分越充足、斑点越多、油脂越多[4]。

1.4.4临床疗效 优:治疗后面部轮廓流畅,皮肤组织凹陷、松弛或萎缩情况得到显著减轻;良:治疗后面部轮廓基本流畅,皮肤组织凹陷、松弛或萎缩情况得到减轻;中:治疗后面部轮廓流畅度改善一般,皮肤组织凹陷、松弛或萎缩情况减轻不显著;差:治疗后面部轮廓无改善,皮肤组织凹陷、松弛或萎缩情况未减轻或加重[5]。优良率=(优+良)/总例数×100%。

1.4.5美容满意度 采用自制美容满意度量表评估,内容包括皮肤紧致状态、面部饱满度、外观美观度、术后修复时间4项,分值均为0~25分,评分越高表示患者满意度越高。

1.4.6并发症发生情况 包括感染、硬结、钙化、脂肪液化、纤维囊化的发生情况。

1.5 统计学方法 采用SPSS 28.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,行χ2检验;计量资料以(x-±s)表示,行t检验;P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组面部定量指标比较 联合组治疗后双侧颧点间距、瞳孔垂线和鼻唇沟交点到瞳孔点距离、瞳孔垂线与口裂线和鼻底线在下颌轮廓交点弧度均小于单独组(P<0.05),见表1。

2.2 两组下颌缘、鼻唇沟形态评分比较 联合组治疗后下颌缘形态评分、鼻唇沟形态评分均低于单独组(P<0.05),见表2。

2.3 两组面部皮肤检测指标比较 联合组治疗后弹性、水分评分高于单独组,斑点、油脂评分低于单独组(P<0.05),见表3。

2.4 两组临床疗效比较 联合组优6例,良8例,中1例;单独组优5例,良7例,中2例,差1例;联合组优良率为93.33%(14/15),高于单独组的80.00%(12/15)(χ2=7.111,P=0.008)。

2.5 两组美容满意度比较 联合组美容满意度评分均高于单独组(P<0.05),见表4。

2.6 两组并发症发生情况比较 联合组发生感染、硬结、钙化各1例,并发症发生率为20.00%(3/15);单独组发生感染、硬结各1例,并发症发生率为13.33%(2/15);两组并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.071,P=0.790)。