Why Do Leaves Change Color in the Fall?树叶为什么在秋天会变色?

2023-12-29 00:00:00LiveScience
疯狂英语·初中版 2023年11期

秋天,道路两旁黄的、红的树叶将街道装点得秋意盎然。然而,树叶为什么会在秋天变黄或者变红,你知道其中的原因吗?

In early fall, the weather conditions start to change: Itgets cooler — with crisp, but not freezing, nights — andthe duration of daylight is reduced. 1)Collectively, there’sless sunlight for plants to 2)harvest using the chlorophyll intheir leaves, so 3)deciduous trees begin to pull back theirinvestment in keeping them alive.

While chlorophyll is the most common 4)pigment thatplants use to harvest light — green leaves look that waybecause chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light and reflectsgreen light — plants often have a variety of secondarypigments, too. As the chlorophyll in a tree’s leaves begins towane, these underlying pigments become visible. This is whatwe’re seeing when fall foliage peaks.

Red and purple hues stem from secondary pigmentscalled anthocyanins, while carotenoids and xanthophylls yieldoranges and yellows, respectively. Within a single group, suchas the maples, different species have evolved their own suiteof pigments. Red maples, for example, turn a bril137OECokLue4fQlpU1CsNQ==liant scarlet inthe fall, while black maples become yellow.

1) collectively adv. 共同地

2) harvest v. 收获

3) deciduous adj. 落叶性的;脱落性的

4) pigment n. 色素;颜料

初秋时节,天气情况开始变化:天气变凉爽,夜晚温度下降,但尚未结冰,白昼缩短。总的来说,植物通过叶绿素从阳光中获取能量的机会减少了,因此落叶树开始减少生产叶绿素,以保持生命力。

绿叶是绿的,因为叶绿素吸收红光和蓝光,反射绿光。虽然叶绿素是植物用来获取光能最常见的色素,但植物通常也有各种辅助色素。随着树叶中的叶绿素开始减少,这些潜在的色素变得可见。这就是我们在秋天落叶季看到的景象。

红色和紫色色调来自花青素等辅助色素,而类胡萝卜素和叶黄素分别产生橙色和黄色。在某个种类的植物中,例如枫树,不同的品种进化出了自己的色素组合。例如,红枫的树叶在秋天变成鲜艳的绯红色,而黑枫变成黄色。