鹤舞扎龙

崔玉华

扎龙

——丹顶鹤的故乡

在中国东北的黑龙江省，有一条名为“乌裕尔”的内陆河。乌裕尔河从小兴安岭发源，蜿蜒流转上千里，最终在齐齐哈尔市东部广袤的芦苇沼泽地消失踪影。这片让河流都丧失自我的沼泽地，就是扎龙国家级自然保护区。“扎龙”的意思是“饲养牛羊的圈”。保护区就像大自然的养殖场，是各种鸟兽鱼蛙生存的地方，更是丹顶鹤的天堂。

保护区面积2 100 平方公里，是世界上最大的野生丹顶鹤栖息繁殖地。全世界丹顶鹤不足2 000 只，扎龙有其五分之一。

In Heilongiang Province inNortheast China， there is an inlandriver named “Wuyur”. It originates fromthe Lesser Khingan Range and windsits way for thousands of miles until itdisappears into the vast reed marshesin the eastern part of Qiqihar. Nestledwithin this marshland， a place whereeven rivers seem to lose themselves， liesthe Zhalong National Nature Reserve.The name “Zhalong” translates to“enclosure for raising cattle and sheep”.this reserve serves as a natural breedingground and habitat for various birds，animals， fish， and frogs. Above all， itstands as a sanctuary for red-crownedcranes. Covering an area of 2，100square kilometers， Zhalong holds thetitle of the world’s largest wild habitatand breeding ground for red-crownedcranes. Considering that there arefewer than 2，000 red-crowned cranesworldwide， Zhalong is home to one-fifthh of this precious population.

丹頂鹤

——东方文化的吉祥符号

丹顶鹤也是人们口中常说的“仙鹤”，有“湿地之神”的美誉。它有纤细的长腿、优雅的脖颈、黑白分明的颜色，既亭亭玉立又仙风道骨，走到哪里都构成一幅水墨丹青。

The red-crowned crane， also knownas the fairy crane， is nicknamed the“god of wetland”. Its slender， long legs，graceful neck， and black and whiteplumage create an enchanting andethereal presence， reminiscent of an inkpainting come to life.

人们喜爱丹顶鹤的另一个原因是它们对后代关爱，对伴侣忠诚。雌雄丹顶鹤一旦结伴便不离不弃，相守终生。它们的生育率不高，每次只产蛋两枚。之后一个月，丹顶鹤父母轮流孵化，不敢远离。小鹤出生后，它们也一直带在身边，悉心照料，像极了人间的夫妻。

Another reason why people lovethe red-crowned crane is its care foroffspring and loyalty to its partner. Oncepaired， the red-crowned cranes neverpart ways and stay together for life.Although their reproductive rate is low，with only two eggs laid each time， thecrane parents take turns incubating theeggs for a month without venturing far.They keep the hatchling close by anddiligent care for it， resembling a devotedhuman couple.

丹顶鹤自古就受到文人墨客的青睐。北宋诗人林逋（别名“和靖”），不入仕为官，不结婚生子，终日植梅为妻，养鹤为子，爱鹤之情可见一斑。丹顶鹤也是长寿的象征，“松鹤延年”是古今画家贺寿作品的永恒主题。

Throughout history， the red-crowned crane has been cherishedand celebrated by literati and poets alike. One such poet was Lin Bu，also known as He Jing， from the Northern Song Dynasty. Instead ofpursuing a traditional path of serving as an official， getting married，or having children， Lin Bu dedicated his days to nurturing plum treesas his spouse and raising cranes as his beloved children， showcasinghis profound fondness for these elegant birds. The red-crowned cranehas also long been associated with longevity. Chinese artists from bothancient and modern times often adopt the timeless theme of “Pine andCrane Prolonging Life” in their congratulatory artwork.

徐家兄妹

——丹顶鹤的守护神

“走过那条小河，你可曾听说，有一位女孩，她曾经来过，走过这片芦苇坡，你可曾听说，有一位女孩，她留下一首歌，为何片片白云悄悄落泪，为何阵阵风儿轻声诉说，还有一群丹顶鹤轻轻地、轻轻地飞过。”

“Have you ever heard the tale of the girl who once gracedthat riverbank？ Have you caught wind of the girl who leftbehind a melody while strolling along the reed-covered slope？Why do the ivory clouds weep silent tears？ Why does thetender breeze murmur her name with a flock of red-crownedcranes gliding through the skies？”

这首歌曾经唱遍大江南北，不只因为其旋律优美，更因为其中有护鹤人坚守的灵魂。歌曲中的女孩叫徐秀娟，她出生在黑龙江齐齐哈尔市一个养鹤世家，从小喜爱丹顶鹤，也致力于丹顶鹤的保护和繁殖。不幸的是，她的生命终止在23 岁，1987 年她因寻找走失的丹顶鹤牺牲在沼泽地中。

This song has traveled far and wide， not just for itsenchanting melody but also for the spirit of the craneprotectors it embodies. The girl at the heart of this balladis Xu Xiujuan， born into a family that nurtured cranes inQiqihar. From a tender age， she was captivated bythe red-crowned cranes and dedicated herself totheir preservation and reproduction. Sadly， her lifewas cut short at the age of 23. In 1987， she made theultimate sacrifice in the marshlands while searchingfor a lost crane.

徐秀娟的故事在人們心中留下了一首歌，徐建峰的故事则在人们眼前铺开了一幅画。徐建峰是徐秀娟的弟弟，他1997 年退伍后放弃了稳定的国企工作，回到保护区继续姐姐未竟的事业——守护丹顶鹤。他在2014 年因公殉职时，已坚守扎龙18 个春秋。

Xu Xiujuan’s story has left a song in people’shearts， while Xu Jianfeng’s story has unfoldedbefore people’s eyes. Xu Jianfeng， Xu Xiujuan’syounger brother， gave up his stable job in a stateownedenterprise a er being discharged from thearmy in 1977. He returned to the nature reserveto continue his sister’s unfinished mission —protecting the red-crowned cranes. When he diedin the line of duty in 2014， he had devoted himselfto this cause for 18 long years.

徐家兄妹对丹顶鹤的珍惜和呵护，也代表了所有扎龙守鹤人对丹顶鹤的珍惜和呵护。扎龙人世代辛苦劳作，守护着丹顶鹤的家，也建设着自己的家。

The tenderness and dedication demonstratedby the Xu siblings towards the red-crownedcranes also mirror the love and care shown byall those who protect these birds in Zhalong. Forgenerations， the people here have toiled tirelessly，safeguarding the cranes’ habitat while nurturingtheir own homes.

扎龙探索

——湿地生态的保护

丹顶鹤的保护，单靠个体的力量是远远不够的。野生丹顶鹤在繁殖期非常机警，为了躲避天敌和人类，高高的芦苇是它们产卵、孵化、“带娃”的最佳场所。但受自然和人为因素的影响，扎龙湿地一度出现降水减少、芦苇退化的现象。为了湿地生态系统的持续发展，为了保住丹顶鹤生存的家园，黑龙江省创先实施长效补水机制，每年投入数百万元人民币，引嫩江水入扎龙，这才逐渐使扎龙的鱼类资源回复丰富，并保证了芦苇的产量。

The protection of red-crownedcranes cannot be left solely toindividual efforts. The wild cranesare incredibly cautious during thebreeding season， seeking refugeamidst tall reeds to safeguardthemselves and their young frompredators and human interference.Sadly， Zhalong has experienceda decline in precipitation and adegradation of its reed beds dueto both natural factors and humanimpact. To secure the sustainablehealth of the wetland ecosystem andpreserve the red-crowned crane’shabitat， Heilongjiang Province hastaken the lead in implementingan essential water replenishmentmechanism. Every year， they investmillions of RMB to divert waterfrom the Nen River into Zhalong，gradually restoring abundantfish resources and promoting theregrowth of reeds.

扎龍湿地附近村民的生计就是夏天打渔，冬天收割芦苇。如何解决人鸟争食的矛盾？保护区双管齐下：一方面，实施“湿地修复预留苇带项目”，给农民相应的补偿来保留芦苇资源；另一方面，启动“核心区居民搬迁工程”。善良的扎龙人响应政府号召，陆续移居到附近的市镇小区。他们放下镰刀，收起渔网，或在城市打工，或成为扎龙保护区的巡护员，以新的身份守护这片家园。

The livelihood of villagers nearthe Zhalong wetland revolves aroundfishing in the summer and harvestingreeds in the winter. However， achallenge arises as both humans andbirds compete for the available foodresources. To tackle this issue， thereserve has adopted a two-prongedapproach. Firstly， it implements the“wetland restoration and reservedreed belt project”， which compensatesfarmers for the preservation of vitalreed resources. Secondly， the reservehas initiated the “core area residentrelocation project”. In response to thegovernment’s call， the compassionatepeople of Zhalong have graduallymoved to nearby urban communities.Here， they have willingly set asidetheir sickles and fishing nets，either taking up work in the city ordedicating themselves as guardiansof the Zhalong Nature Reserve.

此外，为了增加丹顶鹤种群的数量，保护区还设立了丹顶鹤人工繁育和野化基地，建立了丹顶鹤物种基因库，并实施天、地、空一体化检测体系，对湿地生态进行全方位管理。

Furthermore， in a concerted effort to bolster the population of red-crowned cranes， the reserve has set upspecialized centers for artificial breeding and reintroduction. Additionally， they’ve established a genetic bankdedicated to preserving the species’ unique traits. To ensure a holistic approach to wetland ecosystem management，an integrated monitoring system has been put in place， spanning the skies， land， and water.

如今，扎龙的各种措施已初见成效：开阔的沼泽滩，丹顶鹤又开始翩翩起舞；茂密的芦苇荡，又传来幼鹤呼唤妈妈的悦耳鸣叫。扎龙自然保护区正焕发着勃勃生机。

Today， the fruits of these endeavors in Zhalong are becoming increasingly evident： the expansive marshes have onceagain come alive with the elegant dance of red-crowned cranes， and the air resonates with the delightful calls of cranechicks as they eagerly seek their mother’s attention. Zhalong Nature Reserve is now teeming with vibrant vitality.