Research on the Construction of Evaluation Model for the Development of Biopharmaceutical Park in China

Zhang Zongjie,Wu Zhiang,

(1.School of Business Administration,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China;2.Yeehong Business School,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Beijing 10055,China)

Abstract Objective To study the influencing factors on the development of biopharmaceutical park,and to construct an evaluation model of the influencing factors for biopharmaceutical park in China.Methods By analyzing various factors affecting biopharmaceutical parks,an evaluation index system of biopharmaceutical parks and an evaluation model of influencing factors of biopharmaceutical park development based on fuzzy group decision making were established.Results and Conclusion Factors such as research and development (R&D) funding investment,incentive for transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and industrial clusters have a greater impact on the development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks in China.Local governments should increase the investment in R&D funding.Besides,they should pay attention to the incentive of transformation of scientific and technological achievements to improve the innovation ability of enterprises.Meanwhile,they should promote the clustering of high-tech enterprises to comprehensively enhance the healthy development of biopharmaceutical parks in China.

Keywords: biopharmaceutical park;evaluation model;fuzzy group decision;evaluation index

Driven by multiple factors such as the progress of biotechnology,the increase of population,the acceleration of aging,the increase of health demand and consumption ability,the biomedicine market in China is developing rapidly,and a number of biopharmaceutical parks have emerged accordingly.Biomedicine industrial park is a form of industrial aggregation,which can provide enterprises with professional research space,complete production facilities and perfect living environment.Besides,it can introduce different types of biomedicine industrial clusters,such as chain,modularization and crossborder integration through industrial screening in the process of attracting investment.Therefore,biomedicine enterprises can quickly acquire talents,capital and research and development (R&D)resources,which is important to cultivate the economy of the biomedicine industry chain and realize the transformation and upgrading of the regional biomedicine industry[1].

Since the R&D of China’s biomedicine industry started late,its hardware and software foundations are relatively weak.However,with the increase of people’s health awareness,the development of China’s biomedicine industry is facing great market opportunities.In recent years,national preferential policies have greatly developed the biomedicine industry.With the development of biomedicine industry,some new requirements are put forward for the construction of biomedicine industry parks.It is particularly important to ensure the healthy development of China’s biomedicine industry parks.At present,there is little research on the evaluation of biopharmaceutical parks in China,few scholars did qualitative research on the development status of enterprises.For example,Xu Kai,et al.[2]systematically summarized the development history of the biopharmaceutical parks in China,analyzing the development status of various national biopharmaceutical parks,and putting forward some suggestions for the government to strengthen the overall planning of the parks and support independent R&D,which aimed to improve the scientific and technological innovation ability of the park.Therefore,this paper constructed the evaluation model of biopharmaceutical parks based on fuzzy group decision-making method.Then,it proved the feasibility of the evaluation model through empirical analysis,which could explore the development strategies of China’s biopharmaceutical parks quantitatively.

1 Establishment of evaluation index system for the development of biopharmaceutical parks

1.1 Basic principles of index system establishment

The establishment of an effective and scientific evaluation index system is a crucial part of the construction of the evaluation model of the development of biopharmaceutical parks.Based on the development of the biomedicine industry park,we should adhere to the following principles to establish the index system.Firstly,the indicators must be reasonable,namely,evaluation index should be established in line with the basic principles of the development requirements of the biomedicine industry park,which can objectively reflect the development status,internal rules,and existing problems of the evaluation of the biomedicine industry park[3].Secondly,the indicators must be independent.Evaluation indexes should be independent and comprehensive,following the principle of rigor.There should be exact boundaries between indicators,and the principle of no contradiction and no overlap should be followed.At the same time,some key indicators should also be emphasized and focused.Thirdly,the indicators should be representative,which requires that the connotation of each indicator included in the index system should be clear,the concept should be complete,and each indicator should be representative and easy to compare[4].Fourthly,we should follow the principle of coordination,not only all aspects of the factors should be considered,but also to avoid the complex and ambiguous index system.Therefore,the index system should be clear,and its later work should be easy to operate[5].

1.2 Establishment of the index system of influencing factors for the development of biopharmaceutical parks

Based on the above principles,the factors affecting the development of the biopharmaceutical park were comprehensively sorted out and analyzed.Industrial factors,policy factors and social factors were put forward as the first level indicators by consulting relevant data and experts,and the second level indicators and third level indicators were extended to facilitate the construction of an evaluation system.The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Evaluation index system of cell therapy product manufacturing enterprises

2 Construction of an evaluation model of influencing factors of the development of biopharmaceutical parks based on fuzzy group decision-making

The multi-index evaluation analysis method and fuzzy group decision making method were used to construct an evaluation model.Firstly,corresponding evaluation natural language variables were set for establishing an evaluation index system,which was convenient for experts to evaluate.In processing the evaluation data,the corresponding triangular fuzzy number was set for different levels of natural evaluation language,the fuzzy set theory was used for data processing,and the multi-index evaluation analysis knowledge was used to construct the model.Based on the evaluation model and the collected evaluation data,the comprehensive evaluation value of the influencing factors of the development of the bio-pharmaceutical park was finally obtained.

2.1 Representation of evaluation index system

Ui(i=1,2,…,m) is set as the evaluation index of influencing factors of the development of the biopharmaceutical park,which is convenient to construct the evaluation model and carry out followup work.

2.2 Determination of evaluation index weight

In order to make a comprehensive,objective and scientific evaluation of the influence factors of the development of the biomedicine industry parks,the system of evaluation indexes was established in this paper.The weight assigned by evaluatork(k=1,2,…,n) to evaluation indexUiis expressed asωki,and the weight vector assigned by evaluators to all indexes can be expressed as:ω=(ωk1,ωk2,…,ωkn),ωki≥ 0,=1,2,...,m).

2.3 Establishment of grading standards for evaluation indexes

It is difficult to measure the indicators in the system with definite values,so it is necessary to digitize the indicators to achieve quantitative effect that can play a role in the model.This paper firstly gave different evaluation grades to each evaluation index with reference to language variables,which should conform to people’s evaluation habits.Then,these evaluation levels were quantified,namely,triangular fuzzy number.The assignment principle is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 The linguistic variables of index weights and the trigonometric fuzzy numbers

2.4 Solution of sample matrix for evaluation of influencing factors in biopharmaceutical parks

According to the set of language comments,evaluatorkwas invited to organize experts to grade the evaluation indexUiof influencing factors of the development of the biopharmaceutical park based on the rating level set in Table 2.The evaluation vectorWk=(,,...,) and evaluation matrix of each evaluation index weight were obtained.The language variable could be transformed according to the corresponding triangular fuzzy function:.

After the experts completed the evaluation and scored every evaluation index,they converted the evaluation data according to a set of evaluation natural language variables and the corresponding triangular fuzzy number.The multiplication and addition of triangular fuzzy numbers were respectively represented by operation “⊗” “⊕”.The calculation formula of weight vector and evaluation matrix of all evaluation indexes made by all evaluatorsk(k=1,2,…,n) were as follows:

Each parameter of the triangular fuzzy number in the above equation could be calculated through the following equation:

2.5 Calculation of comprehensive evaluation value of influencing factors

2.5.1 Calculation of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of the influencing factors of the development of biopharmaceutical parks

Based on the evaluation values of the experts,the weight vector and evaluation matrix of evaluation indexes of various influencing factors affecting the development of the biopharmaceutical park could be obtained.Then,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of evaluation objectives could be further obtained,the calculation formula is as follows:

2.5.2 Calculation of non-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of influencing factors of the development of biopharmaceutical parks

The result calculated above is the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation value of the influencing factors of the development of the bio-pharmaceutical industrial park.However,the result is triangular fuzzy number,which is not convenient for subsequent intuitive comparison.Therefore,this paper needs to“clear” it,the process is as follows.

SupposeFrepresents the non-fuzzy value quantity of fuzzy number,denoted asD(F),and it satisfiesF=(a,b,c,d) andF=D(F)=(a+b+c+d)/4.

The triangular fuzzy numberF(l,m,n) in this study can be regarded as a trapezoidal fuzzy number for special form processing,which can be expressed byF=(l,m,n).Therefore,the quantity of non-fuzzy value can be deduced from the following formulas:

Based on the weight of the evaluation index calculated above,this paper carries out standardization process on it,and the formula is as follows:

According to the calculation,the weights of indicators at all levels of the evaluation system can be obtained,which will tell the weak aspects of the development of the biopharmaceutical park.Then,the weak aspects can be improved to promote the development of the biopharmaceutical park.

3 Examples and results

Based on the above evaluation model of the index system of influencing factors of the development of the biopharmaceutical park in China,experts’scoring method is used to evaluate the comprehensive levels of influencing factors.According to the scoring level established above,15 experts and scholars in the pharmaceutical industry are selected to score each evaluation index,which are respectively expressed asK={K1,K2,K3,···,K15}.The values of weight evaluation made by each expert and scholar for each impact assessment indicator is shown in Table 3 to Table 7.Table 8 describes the non-fuzzy value,which is used to represent the weight of the aggregated indicator.

Table 3 Values of natural language variables K1 -K3 and their corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers

Table 4 Values of natural language variables K4 -K6 and their corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers

Table 5 Values of natural language variables K7 -K9 and their corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers

Table 6 Values of natural language variables K10 -K12 and their corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers

Table 7 Values of natural language variables K13 -K15 and their corresponding triangular fuzzy numbers

Table 8 Non-fuzzy values of index weights and evaluation values after assembling

4 Discussion and suggestions

According to the evaluation model of the development of biopharmaceutical parks established above,the comprehensive evaluation values of influencing factors of the development of biopharmaceutical parks can be calculated.They are R&D fund input U113,scientific and technological achievements transformation incentive U221,and industrial cluster U321,whose weight values are 0.118,0.077,and 0.052,respectively.Among industrial factors,R&D expenditure has the largest weight,which indicates that R&D expenditure has the greatest influence among industrial factors.At the same time,the incentive of scientific and technological achievements transformation and industry cluster in policy factors will also influence the development of biomedicine industry parks in China.Accordingly,this paper put forward some suggestions for the influential factors with higher weight.

4.1 Increasing investment in R&D

It takes an average of 8-12 years for a new biological drug to be discovered,researched and then put on the market,costing an average of 0.6-1.2 billion US dollars,which is more financial and time consuming than chemical drugs[6].The investment in R&D for Chinese biomedical enterprises is always at a disadvantage.Due to the lack of R&D funds,some biopharmaceutical enterprises pursue shortterm profits and ignore the investment in the R&D of new drugs,thus their innovation abilities are weak.Therefore,it is suggested that the local government should establish a long-term development strategy based on science instead of pursuing short-term scientific achievements and economic benefits,and provide a large amount of funds steadily in the long term for the development of biopharmaceutical parks.At present,China is vigorously developing biomedicine industry,and many local governments are planning or landing biopharmaceutical parks.These governments should be aware of the particularity of the biomedicine industry,continuously invest in funds and services,cooperate with enterprises,industries,scientific research institutions to have the sound development of the biomedicine industrial park.

4.2 Increasing incentives for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and improving the innovation ability of enterprises

By increasing R&D subsidies,building highlevel scientific research institutions,opening up green channels for registration and application of medical devices,striving for innovation policies and systems,enterprises are guided to attach importance to the R&D of innovative drugs.Firstly,the government should develop incentive policies to raise the added value of enterprise products and technologies and improve the return on capital.Secondly,the protection of intellectual property rights should be strengthened to reduce the negative effect caused by technology spillover and improve the enthusiasm of enterprises for R&D and innovation.At the same time,we can evaluate the future development direction of cuttingedge science and technology projects by formulating technology foresight measures,so that not only the priority funding projects can be identified,but also the resources can be used more effectively.Finally,we should create platforms for scientific research and innovation,achievement transformation,enterprise incubation,absorb scientific and technological innovation resources,accelerate the landing of scientific and technological innovation achievements,and enhance the impetus of industrial independent innovation[7].

4.3 Promoting the agglomeration of high-tech enterprises and building high-quality industrial clusters

The relatively monotone industrial pattern of the park should be adjusted by introducing upstream and downstream enterprises of the industrial chain such as R&D services,medical services,circulation and logistics,which can promote the agglomeration of biomedical enterprises.Besides,we will establish an industrial chain exchange and cooperation mechanism,promote the integrated development of upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain,improve the value chain,integrate the supply chain,and actively build an industrial ecology of mutual prosperity[8].The leading enterprises should be cultivated to promote the development through independent innovation and mergers and acquisitions.In addition,intelligent and modern means should be used to improve production and service efficiency.In the segmented fields such as biological products,chemicals,traditional Chinese medicine,and medical devices,professional planning and design should be carried out to form an industrial aggregation pattern with complementary advantages.The industrial development roadmap and timetable of the park should be formulated to gradually promote the development of the biomedical industry park.