常见自然灾害自救方法

涂丽平

在遇到自然災害时，人们应该怎么自救呢？

主题语境：自然灾害篇幅：319词建议用时：6分钟

1 Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike.Neither does anyone know the impact it can haveon life. The following measures can save your lifein an emergency.

2 Typhoons occur frequently in the northwesternPacific Ocean， particularly in exposed regionslike the Caroline Islands， the Philippines， and Japan.The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with nowindows. A must?have device is a battery?powered weather radio， through which you willhear evacuation （撤离） orders or in other cases， instructions on how to survive in your shelterand learn about the weather situation.

3 Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscapedramatically. They are usually caused by intense rainfalls lasting for days. Dont try to bethe bravest person around. Once you hear the evacuation warning， leave for safer andhigher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.

4 An avalanche （雪崩） can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location.It is very fast and disastrous， burying everything in its way under tons of snow.When an avalanche starts， try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can. If you getburied in the snow， dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing. Wait for the rescue team to find you and dont waste your energy shouting or digging crazily. Call out when you hearthe team approaching.

5 Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way. If you arecaught in a wildfire， use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you canbreathe. Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river. Stay lowand cover yourself with wet clothing， a blanket， or soil until the fire passes.

 ReadingCheck

1. Which natural disasters require people to hide indoors？

A. Typhoons. B. Floods. C. Avalanches. D. Wildfires.

2. What should people trapped in floods do when they hear the evacuation orders？

A. Get to a basement or a windowless bathroom.

B. Find something solid to hide under.

C. Leave for safer and higher grounds.

D. Get a torch in case of a blackout.

3. What do we know about the four natural disasters from the text？

A. Typhoons happen only in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

B. Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.

C. People should call out the minute they re trapped in avalanches.

D. Stay downwind when you meet with wildfires.

 LanguageStudy

Ⅰ. 日积月累

impactn. 影响

measuren. 措施

emergencyn. 紧急情况

particularlyadv. 尤其

exposedadj. 无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的

survivev. 存活

disastrous adj. 灾难性的

approach v. 接近；靠近

natural disaster 自然灾害

last for days 持续数天

Ⅱ. 单句填空

1. The program will concentrate on reducing environmental ______（损坏；破坏） andpollution.

2. He left behind instructions saying that if he did not return， no ______（救援） partiesshould be sent as it was clearly too dangerous.

3. At the moment， enough supplies have been sent and people there have______（遮蔽处）， food and water.

4. Some experts say that there may be a rise of several meters in the sea level， or predictsevere storms，______ （洪水）， droughts， famines， the spread of diseases and the disappearanceof species.

5. The war， although successful in military terms， left the country in ______ （廢墟）.

6. Sixty ______ （百分之） of voters said that they would willingly pay higher taxes forbetter health care.

7. Lou lifted the box easily， without using much ______（力气）.

8. To appreciate what these changes will mean， it is necessary to look at them in

（上下文；背景）.