自然灾害

第一部分 语言基础（共两节，满分30 分）

第一节 单句语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

1. We measured the_____（long） of the living room and found it was 6.3 metres.

2. Everyone of us was deeply _____ （shock） by the news.

3. This war has caused widespread human _____ （suffer）.

4. We sat in the shade， _____ （shelter） from the sun.

5. With the governments aid， those_____ （affect） by the earthquake have moved to thenew settlements.

6. The flood _____ （destroy） a lot of houses and many people became homeless.

7. Rescue workers are rescuing the_____ （injure） in the earthquake.

8. They dug a hole and _____ （bury） the money.

9. One_____（survive） told the media that their survival was a miracle.

10. They loaded themselves with food， medical _____ （supply） and oxygen equipment.

11. She fell heavily， _____ （strike） her head against the side of the boat.

12. After the _____（die） of his great?grandma， the boy had to live on his own.

13. The plane _____ （crash） into the side of the mountain and burst into flames.

14. The government has made _____big effort to solve the problem of poverty.

15. Carols brother came_____ the rescue and sent her 1，000 dollars to pay for theoperation.

第二节 完成句子（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

1. 干旱对庄稼造成了很大的损伤。（cause的用法）

The drought has______________ the crops.

2. 这个班的学生数量是40。（number的用法）

______________ students in this class is 40.

3. 那一刻，似乎世界末日就要来临了。（as if的用法）

______________ the world were coming to an end at that moment！

4. 昨天早上，我比平时早到教室。（usual的用法）

Yesterday morning I came to my class a little earlier ______________.

5. 最后，真相被揭露出来了。（dig的用法）

At last， the truth ______________.

6. 医生让我吸气，然后慢慢呼出。（breathe的用法）

The doctor told me to breathe in and______________ slowly.

7. 两名被困在山里两天的游客被当地居民成功营救。（trap的搭配）

Two tourists______________ the mountains for twodays were rescued successfully by local residents.

8. 他沉浸在书中，没有听到电话铃声。（bury的用法）

______________， he did not hear the phone ringing.

9. 她冲了出去，没有把门关上。（leave+宾语+宾语补足语）

She rushed out， ______________.

10. 随着时间的推移，我习惯了那里的生活。（with的复合结构）

______________， I got used to the life there.

11. 不是所有的钱都花得很明智。（部分否定）

______________the money has been used wisely.

12. 住在我们隔壁的那位男士是一位医生。（定语从句）

The man______________ is a doctor.

13. 窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。（定语从句）

The room ______________ faces south is mine.

14. 这就是他错过公共汽车的原因。（定语从句）

______________ he missed his bus.

15. 他一直記得他父亲从北京回来的那一天。（定语从句）

He always remembers______________ his father returned from Beijing.

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50 分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Black Blizzard （暴风雪） by Maurine V. Eleder

This suspenseful story follows two young girls， at home alone， when a dust storm arises.

Despite their young age， Betty and Mary Ann quickly take action when the severe duststorm hits. They begin taking measures to block the dust from coming into the house， whichwould make the air unbreathable. Although they are frightened， they take comfort fromthinking they can just wait out the storm inside their home.

Unfortunately， Betty realizes her beloved horse is caught out in the“ black blizzard”.Fancifoot could injure himself—or worse by one wrong move in the blinding storm. Bettyfaces the difficult decision of leaving her younger sister to brave the storm or riskingFancifoot‘s life to remain in safety.

Teachers could use this text to teach the history of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s or toteach the science behind the causes and effects of soil erosion.

Tornado Coming！ by Dick DonleyIf your students love the nail biting tale Black Blizzard， theyll love Tornado Coming！as well. Because this story includes a tornado， a young kid， a small dog， and a strangeneighbor， you might be reminded of another tale you‘ve read before. However， there are notalking scarecrows （稻草人） or flying monkeys in this story.

Matt is home alone with Buster when he hears the siren （警报） warning of a tornado.

Mentally ticking through the safety tips he learned in school， Matt heads for the storm cellar（防风地窖） with the tornado forming at his back. With only moments to spare， Matt realizeshe must leave his little dog in the safety of the storm cellar to run to the aid of his unpleasantneighbor， Mrs Laney. After the storm passes， Matt doesnt wake up to find himself inAustralia. However， he does find himself in a pretty odd place.

This text weaves helpful tornado safety measures throughout a narrative story. For acreative follow up activity， teachers could assign different natural disasters to small groupsfor research. Then， groups could use their research and the model text Tornado Coming！ to incorporate safety tips within their own short stories about their assigned natural disaster.

1. Who are the target readers of this text？

A. Teachers who want to help students learn about natural disasters.

B. Teachers who take an interest in stories related to natural disasters.

C. Teachers who have the need to equip children with safety measures.

D. Teachers who are looking for inviting and inspiring children‘s stories.

2. What can we learn about Betty and Matt from the text？

A. Betty and Mary are too young to fight against the storm alone.

B. Betty is torn between saving Fancifoots life and protecting Mary.

C. Matt offers Mrs Laney timely help at the cost of losing his little dog.

D. Matt adds safety tips for other natural disasters to“ Tornado Coming！”.

3. What do the two books have in common？

A. Both involve a natural disaster， little kids， an animal and a neighbor.

B. Both touch upon the theme of caring for others and self reliance.

C. Helpful safety measures are highlighted in the narratives.

D. The main characters suffer pain and face a dilemma.

B

My family lost everything in the little known flood of Baton Rouge， Louisiana last yearthat the Red Cross called“ the worst US disaster since Hurricane Sandy”.

It began raining in mid August. Then it rained some more， got more powerful， anddidn‘t stop for days. There was talk that the local rivers were going to crest （到達顶点） andcause some pretty serious flooding. We lived somewhat close to the Amite River， but our seniorneighbors told us that our neighborhood hadnt flooded in over 100 years.

Local news said that the nearby high school may get a little bit of water inside fromthe rising river. We thought we had a couple of days to plan on how we were going to shelterin place because of the weather forecast.

On the 13th of August， I woke up， walked outside and headed toward the direction ofthe river. Some of the lower areas were collecting water but there was no standing wateranywhere near my house or even my neighborhood. I went back home and told my wife that we should probably get some supplies in case this got serious and that maybe we shouldeven pack a car in case we needed to leave， though I was fairly certain there was nothing toworry about.

About 30 minutes into slowly packing， there was a loud banging on my front door. Itwas my wife‘s cousin. I opened the door and she said，“ What are you doing？！ Get out of thehouse！” I looked behind her and noticed my entire yard underwater and the waterline onlyabout a half inch from going over my doorstep and into my house.

I was floored. The river wasnt supposed to crest until the next day. I thought we hadmore time.

I yelled at my wife，“ We have to get out of the house. Now！” We packed up both ourcars in about 10 minutes with only our most precious memories. Everything else we hadbuilt during a 10‘year marriage was left behind. We evacuated about 5 miles east awayfrom the river to my wifes grandmother.

After being there for about an hour， someone came to the front door and said，“ Youguys need to get out. The river is coming.” Sure enough， her yard was flooding too.

We evacuated a second time in as many hours to her cousin‘s house even further east.After only an hour， we were told again that the river was on the way and we had to leave.

4. The author realized the arrival of the flood when____________.

A. the rain started to fall heavily and non stop

B. the nearby high school was slightly affected

C. there was standing water in some lower areas

D. he was informed by his wifes cousin at the door

5. What does the author mean by saying“ I was floored” in paragraph 6？

A. He was calm enough to cope with the flood.

B. He became trapped by the rising floodwater.

C. He was shocked by the early arrival of the flood.

D. He lost his temper with his wife for being unprepared.

6. What do we know about the author‘s evacuation？

A. He didnt take action immediately despite his neighbor‘s warning.

B. He trusted the weather forecast so he prepared himself in advance.

C. He and his wife brought some supplies and valuable belongings with them.

D. He had to leave the temporary homes again and again to avoid danger.

7. Which of the following might be the best title of the text？

A. Mutual support in disasters B. Baton Rouge flooding

C. How to survive a flood D. Methods of predicting floods

C

Lightning strikes more than eight million times a day worldwide. Thats about 93 timesper second. What a phenomenon！

How hot is a lightning bolt？ About 50，000 ℉—five times hotter than the surface of thesun. Yes， it really can rain frogs， fish， and other decidedly odd things. It‘s a rare meteorological（氣象学的） event， but scientists say strong winds from a tornado or from a stormcan be powerful enough to drive animals and objects high into the air， and they have tocome down eventually.

It is a bad idea to take a shower during a thunderstorm. If lightning hits your house， itcan travel through your plumbing （管道設备） and shock anyone who comes into contactwith water flowing through it. People have been shocked or killed while bathing， washingdishes and clothes. This is also why indoor pools often close during storms.

Rubber tiresare not what protect you from lightning when youre in your car. You‘re protected becausewhen lightning hits a car， it travels around the outside of the metal structure to get to theground. Just be careful not to touch any metal areas inside.

Lightning can strike the same place twice—and it often does， especially objects thatare tall， pointy， and separated. The Empire State Building， for example， is hit almost 100times a year.

You can be struck by lightning even when its not raining. About 10 percent of lightningstrikes take place when there‘s no rainfall. In the 1980s， NASA flew one airplanethrough 1，496 thunderstorms. It was struck by lightning more than 700 times. Today， a commercialairplane is hit by lightning about once a year on average， typically with no ill effects.

It has been decades since a US airliner has crashed as a result of a lightning strike.

To deal with such a frequent phenomenon， every day， twice a day， weather trackers， atthe same time， launch giant balloons from almost 900 locations worldwide. The balloonsmeasure above ground weather data such as temperature， humidity （湿气）， and wind speed，

and they provide vital information that meteorologists use to make forecasts and predictlightning.

8. What can lightning lead to according to the text？

A. Burning everything. B. Raining animals.

C. Shocking everybody outdoors. D. Hitting an object for once.

9. What should people do during a lightning strike？

A. Take a bath at home. B. Swim in a pool.

C. Avoid metal things. D. Stand under a tree.

10. What can be inferred about lightning from the text？

A. No sign of rainfall means no lightning.

B. Commercial planes can escape lightning hits.

C. The Empire State Building faces most lightning strikes.

D. Efforts have been made to keep aircrafts safe from lightning.

11. Which of the following can reduce the damage of a lightning strike？

A. Lightning location. B. Measurement balloons.

C. Changing wind direction. D. Weather forecast and prediction.

D

To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of earlycivilizations. Marco Polos tales inspired European explorers and merchants to search forsea routes from west to east. But merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east towest many years before Columbus first did.

In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， andRome， along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was alsoextended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon （now Sri

Lanka）.Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which alsoled to more awareness of each other‘s cultures. Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west China.

Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleetswere a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command ofZheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth ofthe Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffesas gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices. Although China withdrewfrom further expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels betweenother cultures for centuries.

To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routestravelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， whichis part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperationand trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China andthe rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do soin years to come.

12. How is the text developed？

A. By cause and effect. B. By time.

C. By problem and solution. D. By contrast.

13. Which word can be used to describe Zheng Hes fleets？

A. Impressive. B. Worrisome. C. Aggressive. D. Fearful.

14. Which is one of the purposes of the Belt and Road Initiative？

A. To expand China‘s territorial area on the ocean.

B. To reduce communication with other countries.

C. To reduce further cooperation with other countries.

D. To encourage trade across the historic Silk Road areas.

15. Which is the best title of the text？

A. The Maritime Silk Road B. The great map of the world

C. Reaching out across the sea D. The Belt and Road Initiative

第二節 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Sandstorms are among the most violent natural disasters. High winds lift dirt or sandinto the air， causing damage， injuries， and deaths.__16____ __17___ If you have a mask， put it on immediately. If you dont have one， wrap apiece of cloth tightly around your head to protect your nose and mouth.

Look for a shelter （避难所）. Even a parked car will do， so long as it is off the road andnot in danger of getting hit. Sand will fly around when it hits objects.  __18 __ If you cannotget to a shelter， try to stay low to the ground and protect your head with your arms， abackpack or a pillow.

Protect yourself from flying objects. Look for a large rock to cover as much of yourbody as possible. __19 __ Flying sand can hurt， but a dust storm‘s high winds can alsocarry heavier （more dangerous） objects.

Wait out the storm.  __20 __ Its much too dangerous. Stay where you are and wait forit to pass before you attempt to move to a different location. If you can quickly reach such ashelter before a dust storm reaches you， get there as quickly as possible and stay inside.Close all windows and doors， and wait out the storm.

A. Cover your nose and mouth.

B. Wait for other people to help you.

C. Staying out is a better choice.

D. Don‘t try to move through the storm.

E. This can protect you from flying sand.

F. So you should cover as much of your skin and face as possible.

G. Its good to know what to do if you see a wall of sand.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30 分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I shall never forget the day when the earthquake took place. The time was 5：15 in the afternoon and I was driving along the road to  __21 __ my daughter from school to swim. Ihad finished work at about 4 o‘clock and then stopped off at a shop to get some  __22 __ toeat after our swim.

I was driving along a high road on my way to school. Over my road was another roadfor cars coming to the other way. I was  __23 __ so I put the bag of apples on the seat besideme and started to eat one.

Suddenly， I saw the cars in front of me start to move from side to side. Then my carstarted to  __ 24 __！ I didnt know what was happening.

Perhaps  __25 __ had gone wrong with my car. I drove even slower. Then the roadabove started to fall down. I  __26 __ the car and at the same moment the road fell onto thecars in front of me.

I found myself in the __27 __. I could see nothing. The bottom parts of both my legsand my feet were28  badly and I couldn‘t move them. Below me I could hear29 __and a lot of noise. Then I realized what had happened. I had been in a（n）  __30 __.

For about two hours， nobody came.__31__ ， I could reach the bag of apples， so at leastI had plenty to eat. Then I___32 __  someone climbing towards me. I__33 __，

“ Im here！”

“How are you doing？” he asked.“ Not too bad，” I said，“ but my feet and legs feel  __34 __they‘re broken.”

“Well have you out of there just as soon as we can，” he said.

They didn‘t get me out  __35 __ the next morning. I had been in my car for fourteenhours.

21. A. visit B. get C. bring D. find

22. A. fruit B. cakes C. snacks D. bread

23. A. worried B. tired C. excited D. hungry

24. A. burst B. fall C. shake D. burn

25. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing

26. A. stopped B. started C. turned D. moved

27. A. trap B. road C. dark D. hospital

28. A. damaged B. injured C. ruined D. wounded

29. A. sounds B. talks C. shouts D. laughs

30. A. dream B. accident C. flood D. earthquake

31. A. Luckily B. Sadly C. Clearly D. Suddenly

32. A. saw B. heard C. imagined D. recognized

33. A. called on B. called in C. called out D. called up

34. A. if only B. even if C. in that D. as if

35. A. until B. when C. since D. unless

第二節 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

We cannot prevent an earthquake from happening， but we can learn how 36. _____（survive） an earthquake. If you are indoors， dont try to run out of the building during anearthquake. The most important thing 37. _____ （be） to protect yourself as much as youcan. Drop down onto your hands and knees. Cover your head and neck with your hands，arms or hard 38. _____ （object）. If possible， find 39. _____ strong shelter nearbywhich will cover your whole body. Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops.

If you‘re outdoors， move to open areas. Buildings， trees， streetlights and power linescan fall down during an earthquake. Find a shelter 40. _____you can stay. If you arenear objects that can fall， find a shelter to protect 41._____ （you） from them.

Waitbefore moving to another place. Objects may also fall after an earthquake and there arealways strong aftershocks. Observe carefully before you move away.

If you are in a car， stop your car as soon as possible. Avoid 42. _____ （stop） near abuilding or under a tree. Stay 43. _____ （seat） and stay calm in your car. The carsmetal body can protect you 44. _____ falling objects. Drive carefully when the quakestops. Avoid bridges that may 45. _____ （damage） by the aftershocks.

第四部分 寫作（共两节，满分40 分）

第一节 （满分15分）

你校英文报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件，请你写一篇短文并投稿。内容包括：

1. 地震发生前（应该做什么）；

2. 地震发生时（应该做什么和不应该做什么）。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数；

3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

What should we do if an earthquake suddenly strikes when we are in class？

第二节 （满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

As Hurricane Lan bore down on Florida， many residents found themselves unable toleave even if they tried. For hours they were forced to fight heavy winds and attempt to escapeflooding inside long loved homes that had become frightening， deadly traps.

Withindays， around 100 deaths in the state would be attributed to the hurricane， and many ofthem were older residents who drowned.

When the water slipped in under the door of their home， it was just a glimmer on thefloor， a sign that it was time to go. It was Wednesday， Sept. 28， around noon， and Bishopwoke up her two brothers， who had been resting after lunch. She pulled the wheelchair upto the oldest， Russell， 67. Her other brother， Todd， 63， could manage with a walker.

Both men had been born with cerebral palsy （大脑性瘫痪）， and their mental developmentwas like that of a young child. About 10 years ago， they started showing signs ofParkinson‘s disease. But they found joy in their surroundings. Todd liked collecting cans atthe beach. Russell loved riding the bus and going to parks. Bishop， 61， was their lifeline，their little sister who had long felt an obligation to keep them safe.

“Weve got to get going！” she shouted to them. She went to open the front door. It would not move. The weight of the water on the other side had made it shut. She rushed totry the door to the garage. It， too， was stuck. That‘s when the house began to flood. It wentfrom ankle deep to knee deep in less than five minutes. Bishop knew that there was no wayout.

Now Bishop and her brothers were trapped. At 12：34 pm， she called 911 but couldntget through. There was no one she could get in touch with. To try her fortune， she texted aneighbor， Walters， who was always there when neighbors were in need，

“ Water‘s comingin.” Around her， she could hear the dining room hutch （餐具柜） tipping and crashing， thechina breaking， the refrigerator toppling over.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph 1：

The only way to go was up， so Bishop guided her two brothers to the stairs.

Paragraph 2：

Bishop sank into despair， but she noticed it seemed water stopped coming in.