How Did Parkour Start and Evolve跑酷的由来和发展

卢屹/译

You may have witnessed people jumping from wall to wall， scrambling over buildings， springing from poles， and flinging themselves about—thats parkour. Yet， little do you know; parkour is more interesting than you ever know.

也许你曾目睹有人飞檐走壁、攀越楼宇、爬杆跳柱、闪展腾挪——那就是跑酷。不过，你有所不知，跑酷比你想象的更有趣。

Parkours birthplace： where it all began

跑酷发源地：一切开始的地方

Every sport has its roots. For park-our， it began in France， way back in 1988， in the suburbs of Paris.

每种运动都有其渊源。就跑酷而言，它源自法国，可追溯到1988年的巴黎郊区。

It was in France where the man behind the establishment of the sport， David Belle， realized his burning desire to acquire abilities that would be valuable to him in life， rather than merely training to kick a ball or make moves in a cushioned， indoor environment. He had conversations with his father， Raymond Belle， a firefighter. He got the idea of the training called “parcours1，” which his father underwent when he joined a French army unit where they were taught military education and training， first developed by Georges Hébert2.

正是在當时的法国，创造这项运动的幕后功臣大卫·贝尔意识到自己迫切渴望掌握对生活有价值的技能，而不仅仅是练习踢球或在有保护垫的室内环境里活动。他与当消防员的父亲雷蒙·贝尔进行过多次交流，从父亲那里了解到一种叫作parcours的训练方法。他父亲在法国陆军某分队服役期间接受过这种由乔治·埃贝尔首创的军事教育训练。

As you can see， parkour is navigating the environment， which serves as the obstacle course. That is because parkour has its origins in military obstacle course coaching and martial arts. It incorporates sprinting， climbing， swinging， leaping， jumping， plyometrics， spinning， and four-legged movement3—whatever is appropriate for the situation.

正如你所见，跑酷是在环境中探索前进的运动，而这个环境充当了越障训练场的角色。这是因为跑酷起源于军事上的越障训练和武术，包含快跑、攀爬、摆荡、腾跃、跳跃、肌肉增强训练、旋转、四足式运动等任何适应环境特点的动作。

After David Belles self-training， he introduced the sport to his cousins and other young men who eventually became his group. They were named the Yamakasi4 group. These men started training and sharing their creativity through movement. Afterward， they had shows and performances that caught peoples attention， though positive or negative.

大卫·贝尔自己训练过后，又把这项运动介绍给了他的表兄弟和其他几个年轻人。他们最终组成一支队伍，名叫Yamakasi。这群年轻人开始训练，并通过动作分享各自的创意。后来，他们参加的电视节目和演出活动吸引了人们的关注，但反响有好有坏。

Just like how quickly movements are done in parkour， the sport quickly found its way to people in different parts of the world through features in TV programs， advertisements on various platforms， newsreels， feature stories， and electronic games. From France， parkours spirit traveled to the U.S.， Asia， and all parts of the world.

正如跑酷动作完成得飞快，这项运动也通过电视节目、各种平台上的广告、新闻短片、专题报道、电子游戏，迅速传播到世界各地的人群中。跑酷精神从法国传到美国、亚洲，以至世界各地。

The word “parkour”： its evolution over time

跑酷之名：随时间而演变

Before arriving at the term “park-our，” it was derived from different phrases way back at its birth.

在定名为parkour之前，这项运动早在诞生时就有几种不同的叫法。

Georges Hébert brought in the first term “parcours du combattant5.” He called the combat training using the traditional obstacle course approach， which he proposed.

喬治·埃贝尔提出了第一个名称parcours du combattant，以此将自己提出的传统越障训练法称为“作战训练”。

Afterward， “les parcours” was Raymond Belles word for all of his training， which included trekking， jumping， sprinting， stabilizing， and other tactics he utilized to improve his level of fitness.

后来，雷蒙·贝尔用les parcours来称呼他的整套训练方法。这套方法包括徒步、跳跃、快跑、平衡等用来强身健体的技能。

Time passed by， David Belle indulged himself to creatively and excitingly navigate the environment， which led him to be successful in his craft of being a stuntman. There， he showcased his love and passion through the art of movement. On his set one time， Hubert Koundé， a French actor and film director， proposed to make the letter “c” in the term “parcours” to letter “k” and remove the letter “s，” which is silently pronounced， which is done in favor of making it more powerful and vibrant. From then， parkour has been known as parkour.

又过了一段时间，大卫·贝尔沉迷于用创新、刺激的方法在某处环境中穿行，这使得他在特技演员的职业生涯中获得成功。作为特技演员，他通过运动艺术展现自己的热爱与激情。有一次在拍摄现场，法国演员兼电影导演于贝尔·昆代提议将parcours一词中的c改为k，再去掉不发音的s，这样改后的名字听起来更具力度和动感。自那时起，parkour这个名字就叫开了。

Parkour： from poor activity to a world sport

跑酷：从糟糕的活动到世界性运动

For one activity to be called a sport， it should be physically demanding and skill-based， whereby an individual or a team competes against someone else or others for entertainment purposes. An activity that doesnt possess all those requisites cant be a sport. Yet， parkour encompasses it all; thats why it is a sport. From simple leaping， running， and roaming around the city through creative stunts， it is now recognized by different sports councils.

一个活动要想被称为一项体育运动，必须对体力有较高要求并且以技巧为本，参与其中的个人或团体要以娱乐为目的与其他人或其他团体较量。除非具备上述所有必要条件，否则不能算作体育运动。跑酷就包括这一切元素，所以它是一项体育运动。从简单地在城市中四处腾跃、奔跑，到用创新的特技动作漫游城市，跑酷如今还得到了各种体育运动委员会的认可。

Parkour began as a “poor” recreation in the Parisian urban ghettos， but it has since developed enormously， becoming a legitimate sport. Many would take park-our just as a pastime and a poor activity that people dont look up to for reasons—hard to learn， only a few engagements and not worth the risk. Yet， many also do not even know the pleasure and benefits it gives to traceurs alike.

跑酷一开始是巴黎城市贫民区的“穷人”娱乐活动，但之后得以蓬勃发展，成为一项正式的体育运动。许多人可能觉得跑酷只是一种消遣，一种因为难学、活动机会少、不值得冒险等原因而不被看好的糟糕活动。但是，很多人根本不知道它给跑酷者带来的愉悦和好处。

The popularity of the discipline has grown. For David Belle and his friend Charles Perrière， parkour was further developed in order to gain formal recognition as a sport. Since the FIGs executive committee gave the go-ahead for the sports development in February 2017， milestones have been reached at the speed of an athlete tackling an obstacle course.

現在，这项运动越来越受欢迎。对大卫·贝尔和他的朋友夏尔·佩里埃而言，进一步发展跑酷是为了让它被正式认可为一项体育运动。自国际体操联合会执委会在2017年2月批准发展这项运动以来，跑酷者不断以田径运动员完成障碍赛的速度达到一个又一个里程碑。

This development paved the way for the parkour to finally find its way to conduct the World Cup Series.

这一进展为跑酷最终得以举办世界杯系列赛铺平了道路。

You see， parkour isnt just leaping and roaming around the city. Traceurs and the sport parkour itself are globally given recognition and appreciation.

你看，跑酷不单单是在城市中四处腾跃、肆意漫游。跑酷者和跑酷运动本身已经在全世界得到了认可和赞赏。

（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）