例析阅读理解题中词义猜测题的解答技巧

卢卫平

正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。但英語单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。我们能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。在高考阅读理解题中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：①推测划线单词或短语的含义；②推测划线代词的指代含义；③推测划线句子的含义。

技巧一：对于推测划线单词或短语的含义的题目，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题。

【典题例析1】（苏州市2022学年第二学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷） For Amazon and Netflix，adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leav- ing. After a jump caused by pandemic in users，Netflix dropped 430，000 subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third quarter. Netflix hassaid in the past that in the“attention economy”，it com- petes against video games just as much as video stream- ing services.

What does the underlined word“dissuade ”in Para- graph 3 mean？

A. Forbid.        B. Discourage.

C. Release.       D. Protect.

【解析】答案B 。词义猜测题。该题可根据原文中的“对比关系”来解题，本段中的“For Amazon and Net- flix adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers （对于亚马逊和 Netflix在他们的平台上增加游戏可以吸引更多的用户）”可知，平台加入电子游戏元素，可以吸引一些新的订阅用户。由此推测划线单词意思与“吸引”相近，但下文表达乃正话反说，译为，“或者（这样做）至少劝阻现有的用户离开”，即 dis- suade意为“劝阻”，与 discourage同义。也可以通过构词法来解题，suad词根的英语单词举例：persuade v.劝说；说服，per 彻底+ suad 劝告+ e→彻底的劝告→劝说；说服；dissuade劝阻 v.，dis 表否定+ suad 劝告+ e →劝告不要怎么样→劝阻。故选 B项。

【典题例析2】（北京市海淀区2021-2022学年第一学期期末考试） Dislike can certainly transform into an- ger or hate，but it may also take a more playful form. Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the ob- ject of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism， instead of tuning out and turning off. Why？ Reveling in dislike  can  help  regain  control  in  a  world  that  over- whelms  everyone  with  content. Keeping  the  despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers  speak  up  in  the  court  of public  opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruin- ing certain relationships. Many of us can probably relate to  the  experience  of  having  a  friend  who  insists  we watch something against our will.

What does the underlined phrase“Reveling in ”in the text probably mean？

A.Taking delight in.

B. Showing concern for.

C. Drawing lessons from.

D. Establishing connection to.

【解析】答案A。词义猜测题。该题可以根据划线 词组前的例子“Sometimes we could see people joyfully watch the object of their dislike and offer a commentary of criticism，instead of tuning out and turning off.” （有时我们可以看到人们高兴地看着他们不喜欢的事 物，并给出批评，而不是不予理会）以及划线词的后文 “Keeping the despised shows at hand rather than avoiding them can help the dislikers speak up in the court of public opinion. Or some might enjoy their dislikes as a way to avoid ruining certain relationships. ”（保留那些 受人鄙视的节目，而不是避开它们，可以帮助那些不 喜欢的人在公众舆论的法庭上畅所欲言。或者有些 人可能喜欢他们不喜欢的东西，以此来避免破坏某些 关系。）可知，在一个让每个人都感到满足的世界里， 着迷于不喜欢可以帮助你重新获得控制权。所以 Reveling in为“深爱；酷爱；着迷”之意。故选A项。

技巧二：对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题。

【典题例析】（2022年苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查） Particularly in early times，art also had social and moral functions. The earliest wall paintings referred to in ancient texts often described merciful emperors，offi- cials，and their evil opposites as examples and warnings to the living. Human relationships have always been of great importance in China，and a common theme of fig- ure painting is that of gentlemen enjoying staying to- gether or of the depressing partings and infrequent re- unions. Among the typical themes of traditional Chinese art，there  is  no  place  for  war，violence  or  death. No theme would be accepted in traditional Chinese art that was not inspiring，noble，or refreshing to the spirit.

What  does  the  underlined  word “that ”in  Para-graph 2 refer to？

A. The art.

C. The theme.B. The

D. Thepainting. relationship.

【解析】答案C。词义猜测题。该题通过分析句子 结构，聚焦划线词前并列句中 and 之后的内容“Human relationships have always been of great importance in China，and a common theme of figure painting...”（人 际关系在中国一直是非常重要的，是人物画的一个共 同主题）可知，人物画的一个共同主题是士大夫喜欢 呆在一起，或者是令人沮丧的离别和难得的团聚。代 词that指代前文中的“theme（主题）”。故选C项。

技巧三：关于推测划线句子含义，采用三步法—— 一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二 分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑 关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合 理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义 相似的选项。

【典题例析】（南京市2023届高三年级学情调研）

Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding，but Ive experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.

Last year，after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week，Alicia was frenchfrying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and Iv got myself a partner for life.

What does the farther imply by saying“I ve got myself a partner for life.”？

A. It is rewarding to learn new skills.

B. Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.

C. He will explore more with his daughter.

D. His daughter will accompany him forever.

【解析】答案 C 。句意猜測题。返回原文，该句在 段落的结尾，是对上文的一个简要总结。根据节选部 分第一段中“Watching your kids learn new skills is ex-  traordinarily rewarding，but I ve experienced more per-  sonal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历 的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year，after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week，Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the  mountain  more  times  than  in  the 15 years  com- bined...”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多……）进行概括可推知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C项。

总之，结合语境，理解划线词上下文的关系，辅之以构词法等，是解答词意猜测题的关键。

（作者单位：江苏省东台市三仓中学）