麻琼钒 杜慧慧 郑国君
[摘要] 目的 研究血清miR-95、血清miR-200a-3p在變应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者中的表达及其与病情严重程度相关性分析。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年5月温州市中西医结合医院收治的AR患者90例作为研究组,另收集90例同期在温州市中西医结合医院体检的健康受试者作为对照组。采用鼻部症状总评分(total nasal symptom score,TNSS)和单个鼻部症状评分(individual nasal symptom score,INSS)对AR的严重程度进行评估。对比两组肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平。结果 研究组血清miR-95水平高于对照组,血清miR-200a-3p水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征曲线分析结果显示,血清miR-95的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.857,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.821~0.911,血清miR-200a-3p的AUC为0.861, 95%CI:0.809~0.908。血清miR-95的截断值为1.25,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为69.3%,敏感度为75.4%。血清miR-200a-3p的截断值为1.02,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为71.2%,敏感度为77.9%。两组血清miR-95均与miR-200a-3p呈负相关(P<0.05)。AR患者血清中miR-95m水平与患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05);AR患者血清中miR-200a-3p水平与患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05);血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平与AR患者的喷嚏和流涕评分不具有明显的相关性(P>0.05)。研究组患者血清miR-95水平与TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6、IL-13、IL-17水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与IL-10水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。研究组患者血清miR-200a-3p水平与TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-13、IL-17水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与IL-10呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 变应性鼻炎患者血清中miR-95呈现高表达,miR-200a-3p呈现低表达,miR-95水平与患者病情严重程度呈正相关,miR-200a-3p水平与患者病情严重程度呈负相关。
[关键词] miR-95;miR-200a-3p;变应性鼻炎;病情严重程度;相关性
[中图分类号] R737.33 [文献标识码] A [DOI] 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9701.2023.02.016
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression of serum miR-95 and miR-200a-3p in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and analyze their correlation with the severity of the disease. Methods A total of 90 patients with AR treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from March 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the research group, and another 90 healthy subjects who were examined in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine at the same time were selected as the control group. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and individual nasal symptom score (INSS) were used to evaluate the severity of AR. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, miR-95, miR-200a-3p were compared between the two groups. Results The level of serum miR-95 in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the level of miR-200a-3p was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of serum miR-95 was 0.857, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.821-0.911, and the AUC of serum miR-200a-3p was 0.861, 95%CI: 0.809-0.908. The cut-off value of serum miR-95 was 1.25, with a specificity of 69.3% and a sensitivity of 75.4% for predicting the risk of AR. The cut-off value of serum miR-200a-3p was 1.02, with a specificity of 71.2% and a sensitivity of 77.9% for predicting the risk of AR. Serum miR-95 in the two groups was negatively correlated with miR-200a-3p (P<0.05). The level of miR-95 in serum of patients with AR was positively correlated with nasal congestion, nasal itching and TNSS score (P<0.05). Serum miR-200a-3p level in patients with AR was negatively correlated with nasal congestion, nasal itching and TNSS score (P<0.05). Serum miR-95 and miR-200a-3p levels were not significantly correlated with the sneezing and runny nose scores of AR patients (P>0.05). The level of serum miR-95 in the study group was positively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation with the level of IL-10 (P<0.05). The level of serum miR-200a-3p was negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and IL-17 (P<0.05), but positively correlated with IL-10 (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-95 in the serum of patients with allergic rhinitis is high, but that of miR-200a-3p is low. The level of miR-95 is positively correlated with the severity of the patient's illness, while the level of miR-200a-3p is negatively correlated with the severity of the patient's illness.
[Key words] MiR-95; MiR-200a-3p; Allergic rhinitis; Severity of illness; Correlation
变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是一种过敏性的炎症性疾病,发病部位在鼻黏膜,亚洲发病率高达30%,会增加患者结膜炎、哮喘等其他黏膜组织炎症性和过敏性疾病的风险[1],对患者的生活和工作造成了严重的影响。近年来,AR的发病率逐年增加,但是目前临床上采用药物治疗并不能完全治愈,因此寻找可靠的早期诊断生物标志物对AR的早期发现具有重要意义[2]。近年来,微小RNA(microRNA,miR)逐渐应用于AR的辅助诊断和治疗[3]。miR-95是近年来发现的一种mRNA,与多种肿瘤疾病有密切关系,文献报道显示miR-95与合并过敏性鼻炎的哮喘疾病有密切关系[4],随着患者炎症反应的加重,miR-95的表达水平增加[5-6],但是其与AR疾病的关系尚未见报道。miR-200a-3p是miR200a家族的成员之一,与癌症的发生、发展具有密切关系,且低表达水平的miR-200a-3p具有抑制炎症反应的作用[7],但是未见其与AR疾病的相关性。本研究将重点研究分析血清miR-95、血清miR-200a-3p在变应性鼻炎患者中的表达及其与病情严重程度相关性分析。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2019年3月至2021年5月温州市中西医结合医院门诊收治的AR患者90例作为研究组,另收集90例同期在温州市中西医结合医院体检的健康受试者作为对照组,对照组均无哮喘史、AR、呼吸道感染等其他严重的感染性疾病及恶性肿瘤病史。纳入标准:①所有患者均符合《变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南(2015)》[8]的AR诊断标准;②患者入组前1个月内未接受糖皮质激素和抗组胺药物治疗;③患者均同意获取鼻黏膜组织。排除标准:①合并哮喘患者;②哺乳期或孕期妇女患者;③患有恶性肿瘤的患者;④伴有上呼吸道感染或其他比较严重的感染患者;⑤患有分泌性中耳炎、支气管哮喘等呼吸系统疾病的患者;⑥其他因素引起的包括鼻窦炎、鼻息肉、鼻中隔偏曲等鼻腔堵塞的患者。对照组中,男43例,女47例;平均年龄(25.1±7.5)岁,血清免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin E,IgE)23.5(15.7,31.9)IU/ml。研究组中,男42例,女48例;平均年龄(24.3±6.8)岁,血清IgE 270.6(164.3,478.4)IU/ml。两组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经温州市中西医结合医院伦理委员会审核批准(伦理审批号:2018-123),两组受试者均在知情的情况下自愿签订知情同意书。
1.2 方法
所有研究对象入组后第2天,采取清晨空腹静脉血,离心后取上清液备用。①血清炎性因子水平测定:采用酶联免疫吸附法测定受试者血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17水平。所有操作均严格按照试剂盒操作说明进行;②血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平测定:入组第2天采取受试者静脉血,离心,取上清液,然后再次离心,35000转/min,取上清液,采用磁珠法循环提取核酸,然后进行反转录,并采用荧光PCR测定血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p的CT值。
1.3 观察指标
对比两组TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、IL-13、IL-17、miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平。对两组研究对象采用鼻部症状总评分(total nasal symptom score,TNSS)和单个鼻部症状评分(individual nasal symptom score,INSS)对AR的严重程度进行评估[9]。INSS为患者针对鼻部症状自评,包括鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏和流涕4种。每种症状的评分如下:0分为无症状,1分为轻度症状,2分为中度症状,3分为重度症状,评分越高表明鼻部症状情况越严重。TNSS为上述4种症状的单个鼻部症状评分之和。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件对数据进行处理分析,计量资料以均数±标准差()表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料采用例数(百分比)[n(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,相关性分析采用Pearson分析;采用ROC曲线评价血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平对AR病情严重程度的预测价值。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平比较
研究组血清miR-95相对表达量显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组血清miR- 200a-3p相对表达量显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 血清miR-95mRNA、miR-200a-3p与AR患病风险的关系
根据ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清miR-95的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)为0.857,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.821~0.911,血清miR-200a-3p的AUC為0.861, 95%CI:0.809~0.908。提示血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p水平对AR患病风险均具有良好的预测价值。血清miR-95的截断值为1.25,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为69.3%,敏感度为75.4%;血清miR-200a-3p的截断值为1.02,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为71.2%,敏感度为77.9%,见图1。
2.3 血清miR-95和miR-200a-3p的相关性
两组血清miR-95均与miR-200a-3p呈负相关(对照组r= 0.764,P<0.001;研究组r= 0.683,P<0.001)。
2.4 AR患者INSS和TNSS评分情况及血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与疾病严重程度的关系
单个鼻症状评分(individual nasal symptom score,INSS)包括鼻塞、鼻痒、喷嚏和流涕。AR组患者的鼻塞评分(1.9±0.6)分,鼻痒评分(1.8±0.7)分,喷嚏评分(2.2±0.8)分,流涕评分(1.8±0.5)分;鼻部症状总评分(total nasalsymptom score,TNSS)评分为(7.8±1.5)分。AR患者血清中miR-95表达水平与患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05);AR患者血清中miR-200a-3p表达水平与患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05);血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与AR患者的喷嚏和流涕评分不具有明显的相关性(P>0.05),见表2。
2.5 血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与炎症因子及IgE的关系
对照组患者血清miR-95表达水平与TNF-9、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-13水平呈正相关(P<0.05);研究组患者血清miR-95表达水平与TNF-9、IL-4、IL-6、IL-13、IL-17、IgE水平呈正相关(P<0.05);与IL-10水平呈负相關(P<0.05)。对照组患者血清miR-200a-3p表达水平与TNF-2、IL-12、IL-4、IL-8、IgE水平呈负相关(P<0.05);研究组患者血清miR-200a-3p表达水平与TNF-2、IL-6、IL-8、IL-13、IL-17水平呈负相关(P<0.05),与IL-10呈正相关(P<0.05),见表3。
3 讨论
AR是一种炎症性、过敏性疾病,其症状严重影响患者的生活质量,目前临床上主要采用药物治疗,但并不能使AR患者痊愈,因此积极寻找早期辅助诊断的生物标志物对AR的早期发现和治疗具有重要意义[10-11]。近年来研究显示,miR在AR辅助诊断中的应用逐渐增多,已有文献报道miR146a、miR181a等的表达水平与AR疾病具有密切关系[12-13],但是血清miR-95、血清miR-200a-3p与AR疾病的关系尚未有报道。
miR95是近年来发现的一类小RNA,研究显示miR95对炎症有重要的参与意义,miR95表达水平可随着炎症反应的加重而增加[14]。miR-200a-3p是miR200家族成员之一,与肿瘤疾病具有密切关系。研究显示miR-200a-3p对神经分化、增殖有至关重要的作用[15]。miR-200a-3p还可以调节表皮生长因子受体信号通路,预防缺血性损伤引起的细胞死亡[16]。另有文献显示,阿尔茨海默病患者呈现低水平的miR-200a-3p,且miR-200a-3p在β淀粉样蛋白的产生中具有一定的参与作用[17],且对炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α等的表达水平具有一定的调节作用[18]。
AR可伴有一定的炎症及免疫失调,Th1/ Th2在免疫平衡的调节中起到关键性作用。Th1可分泌IL-2、IL-12、INF-γ等抑炎因子,进而参与AR炎症反应,同时免疫球蛋白E在AR疾病的发展过程中也是关键环节之一。文献报道显示,过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘患者的炎症加重时,患者血清miR95表达水平显著增加,且哮喘患者的血清miR95表达水平显著高于健康个体,提示miR95可以通过增加炎症反应参与过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘疾病的发生、发展过程[14]。本研究结果显示,研究组血清miR-95表达水平显著高于对照组,血清miR-200a-3p表达水平显著低于对照组,提示miR-95在AR患者血清中呈现高表达,miR-200a-3p在AR患者血清中呈现低表达。相关性分析结果显示,两组血清miR-95均与miR-200a-3p呈负相关。ROC曲线结果显示,血清miR-95的截断值为1.25,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为69.3%,敏感度为75.4%;血清miR-200a-3p的截断值为1.02,对AR患病风险预测的特异性为71.2%,敏感度为77.9%,提示血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平对AR患病风险均具有良好的预测价值。
本研究进一步对血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与AR疾病的严重程度进行了相关性分析,结果显示,血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与AR患者的喷嚏和流涕评分不具有明显的相关性(P>0.05);血清中miR-95m表达水平与AR患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈正相关(P<0.05);血清中miR-200a-3p表达水平与AR患者鼻塞、鼻痒、TNSS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05),提示AR患者血清miR-95、miR-200a-3p表达水平与AR患者疾病的严重程度有密切关系,可以在一定程度上预测AR疾病的严重程度。
AR在发生、发展过程中伴随着炎症。IL-8是一种趋化因子,分泌于单核-巨噬细胞,具有调节炎症及免疫的功能[19]。TNF-α作为一种系统性炎症细胞因子,主要分泌于巨噬细胞,具有调节免疫功能及炎症的作用[20]。炎症因子的表达水平与AR疾病的发生、发展具有密切关系。本研究分析了AR患者和健康受试者血清miR-95、血清miR-200a-3p表达水平与血清炎症因子水平的相关性,结果显示,AR患者血清miR-95表达水平与促炎因子水平呈正相关,与抑炎因子水平呈负相关;血清miR-200a-3p表达水平与促炎因子水平呈负相关,与抑炎因子水平呈正相关。提示AR患者血清miR-95会促进炎症反应,而miR-200a-3p有抑制炎症反应的作用。
综上,AR患者血清中miR-95呈现高表达,miR-200a-3p呈低表达,高表达水平的miR-95及低表达水平的miR-200a-3p均预示着表示患者病情较严重,需要積极采取干预措施,及早进行治疗。
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(收稿日期:2022–07–19)
(修回日期:2022–08–16)