刘林 王玲 汤善宏
摘要:目的探讨单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)对HBV相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者短期预后的预测价值。方法纳入西部战区总医院消化内科2015年1月1日—2021年12月31日住院HBV-ACLF患者131例,根据入院后90 d预后分为生存组(n=87)与死亡组(n=44)。回顾性分析患者的年龄、性别、BMI及入院后24 h内患者血常规、生化及凝血功能,并计算单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(MLR)、MHR及MELD评分。正态分布的计量资料2组间比较使用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。采用二元Logistic回歸分析各因素与HBV-ACLF短期预后的关系,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价 MHR对于 HBV-ACLF 患者短期预后的预测价值;通过Kaplan-Meier法分析高MHR 组与低 MHR 组患者短期死亡情况。结果两组患者在年龄、BMI、WBC、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、AFP、Na+、TBil、INR、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD评分之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、BMI、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR、MELD评分为HBV-ACLF短期预后的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。MHR预测HBV-ACLF患者90 d生存率的曲线下面积为0.627(95%CI:0.522~0.732,P=0.018),MHR最佳截断值为2.472,其敏感度为0.591,特异度为0.690。Kaplan-Meier生存分析发现,高MHR组(MHR≥2.472)90 d生存率明显低于对应的低MHR组(MHR<2.472)(P=0.001)。结论在排除严重心血管疾病情况下,MHR可作为HBV-ACLF短期预后的临床预测指标,需扩大样本量进一步评估其预测价值。
关键词:单核细胞; 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇; 乙型肝炎病毒; 慢加急性肝衰竭; 预后
基金项目:四川省卫生健康委员会科研课题(20PJ180)
Value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting the short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
LIU Lin WANG Ling TANG Shanhong(1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610083, China)
Corresponding author:TANG Shanhong, shanhongtang@163.com (ORCID:0000-0001-6652-2942)Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). MethodsA total of 131 patients with HBV-ACLF who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were enrolled in this study, and according to the prognosis on day 90 after admission, they were divided into survival group with 87 patients and death group with 44 patients. A retrospective analysis was performed for the data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the results of blood routine test, biochemical parameters, and coagulation function within 24 hours after admission, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), MHR, and MELD score were calculated. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between each factor and the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to analyze the value of MHR in predicting short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the short-term death of patients in the high MHR group and the low MHR group. ResultsThere were significant differences between the two groups in age, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, alpha-fetoprotein, Na+, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, triglyceride (TG), MLR, MHR, and MELD score (all P<0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, Na+, TG, MLR, MHR, and MELD score were independent risk factors for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF (all P<0.05). MHR had an area under the ROC curve of 0.627 (95% confidence interval: 0.522-0.732, P=0.018) in predicting the 90-day survival rate of HBV-ACLF patients, with a sensitivity of 0.591 and a specificity of 0.690 at the optimal cut-off value of 2.472. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the high MHR group (MHR≥2.472) had a significantly lower 90-day survival rate than the low MHR group (MHR<2.472)(P=0.001). ConclusionAfter severe cardiovascular disease is excluded, MHR can be used as a clinical predictive factor for the short-term prognosis of HBV-ACLF, and studies with a larger sample size are needed to further investigate its predictive value.
Key words:Monocytes; High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Hepatitis B Virus; Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure; PrognosisResearch funding:Scientific
Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission (20PJ180)
慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)是指在慢性肝病基础上,各种诱因引起以急性黄疸加深、凝血功能障碍为肝衰竭表现的临床综合征,可合并包括多种并发症以及肝外器官功能衰竭[1],在我国ACLF患者多以HBV感染为主[2]。虽然在过去的几十年里,世界不同地区对ACLF提出了不同的定义[3],但ACLF高达73%的病死率仍不容忽视[4]。本课题组[5]总结发现,全身炎症反应在ACLF患者临床预后中发挥重要作用。欧洲的一项前瞻性队列PREDICT研究[6]认为,炎症反应影响ACLF患者临床转归,其中感染是驱动炎症反应的重要因素,约35%的ACLF病例是由感染引起[4,7]。在HBV-ACLF患者中HBV直接破坏肝细胞,合并感染,导致损伤相关分子模式和病原体相关分子模式进一步加重全身炎症反应,肝损伤更重[5,8]。前期研究[9]发现,单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte to lymphocyte ratio,MLR)可作为评估HBV-ACLF患者炎症反应程度及预后的潜在临床指标,MLR越高提示更高的病死率。而单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(monocyte count to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,MHR)作为一项新型炎症标志物,已有较多学者[10]发现其与心血管疾病、肺栓塞、糖尿病等疾病预后密切相关。在肝病领域,我国多位学者[11-12]研究发现,较高的MHR与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生风险增加有关。然而,目前MHR与HBV-ACLF之间的关系却缺乏相关报道。对此,本文就本中心HBV-ACLF患者临床数据展开回顾性研究,旨在探讨MHR对HBV-ACLF短期预后的预测价值。
1资料与方法
1.1研究对象纳入西部战区总医院消化内科2015年1月1日—2021年12月31日住院HBV-ACLF患者共131例。住院期间所有患者均予以抗病毒、保肝、补充白蛋白及血浆等综合治疗。通过门诊、住院病历及电话联系以随访患者入院后90 d的生存情况,分为生存组(n=87)与死亡组(n=44)。
1.2纳入标准慢性乙型肝炎的诊断符合《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南(2019年版)》[13]、肝衰竭的诊断符合《肝衰竭诊治指南(2018年版)》[1]。
1.3排除标准(1)年龄<18岁或>80岁;(2)妊娠或哺乳期妇女;(3)合并遗传代谢性肝病及其他肝病;(4)合并高脂血症、高胆固醇血症、冠心病等严重心血管疾病等;(5)服用他汀类、贝特类、糖皮质激素及胆酸螯合剂等药物者;(6)合并自身免疫性疾病、肝癌或其他恶性肿瘤等;(7)肝移植及肝脏手术病史。
1.4研究方法回顾性分析患者一般资料及实验室检测指标,一般资料包括:年龄、性别、BMI;实验室检测指标包括:入院24 h内患者血常规、生化检验及凝血功能(WBC、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、PLT、AFP、Na+、SCr、ALT、AST、TBil、Alb、INR、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C),并计算MLR、MHR及MELD评分。MELD评分=3.8×ln[TBil (mg/dL)]+11.2×ln(INR)+9.6×ln[肌酐(mg/dL)]+6.4×病因(胆汁淤积性或酒精性肝硬化为0,病毒等其他病因肝硬化为1)。
1.5统计学方法采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行处理。符合正态分布的计量资料用x±s表示,2组间比较采用成组t检验;非正态分布的计量资料以M(P25~P75)表示,2组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。计数资料2组间比较采用χ2检验。采用二元Logistic回归分析各因素与HBV-ACLF短期预后的关系,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价 MHR对于 HBV-ACLF 患者短期预后的预测价值;通过Kaplan-Meier法分析高MHR組与低MHR组患者短期死亡情况。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1一般资料共入组HBV-ACLF患者131例。生存组87例,死亡组44例,两组患者年龄、BMI、WBC、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、AFP、Na+、TBil、INR、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)(表1)。
2.2影响HBV-ACLF短期预后的多因素分析单因素分析有统计学意义指标,在排除指标之间共线性及校正其他因素后,筛选出年龄、BMI、中性粒细胞计数、AFP、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR及MELD评分纳入二元Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、BMI、Na+、TG、MLR、MHR、MELD评分为HBV-ACLF短期预后的独立影响因素(P值均<0.05)(表2)。
2.3MHR、MLR及MELD评分对HBV-ACLF患者短期预后的评估价值ROC曲线显示,MHR、MLR以及MELD评分预测HBV-ACLF患者90 d生存率的
3讨论
ACLF是一种严重且复杂的临床综合征,具有严重的肝损伤、较高的发病率及短期病死率的临床特点[14],及时有效预测及治疗对降低ACLF病死率具有重要意义。其中,MELD评分及其相关衍生评分(MELD-Na、iMELD)、CTP评分、慢性肝衰竭联盟-序贯器官衰竭评分(CLIF-SOFA)等,已被广泛用于预测MELD的预后及肝移植的患者选择[14],由于计算这些评分需要大量参数,且计算方法较为复杂,无法提供快速的患者评估[15]。因此,积极探索客观、准确、重复性好的早期预测ACLF患者临床转归的临床指标显得尤为重要。
MHR是一种损伤与保护机制并存的新型炎症标志物,许多研究已将MHR作为评估全身性疾病炎症和氧化应激的预后标志物。首先,单核细胞是免疫细胞的重要组成部分[16],单核细胞及其分化的巨噬细胞通过释放多种细胞因子在炎症和机体免疫反应中发挥促炎作用。ACLF严重的炎症反应可以触发单核细胞从骨髓释放到外周血,并促使外周单核细胞分化为组织巨噬细胞[17],肝内浸润性单核细胞是先天性免疫反应的重要组成部分,而在HBV感染的肝病病理性压力下,血液中单核细胞不断补充肝脏Kupffer细胞,Kupffer细胞通过释放多种炎症因子,包括TNF-α、IL-1b、IL-6和IL-8来维持肝脏及全身炎症[18-19]。再次,HDL-C作为肝脏合成重要脂蛋白,因其能逆向转运胆固醇、抗炎、抗氧化等作用,在心血管疾病中被广泛探讨,同时,HDL-C也具有抑制单核细胞激活与分化,从而抑制炎症反应的作用[20-21]。Trieb等[22]发现,TC及所有与HDL相关的生物标志物 (HDL-C、HDL2-C、HDL3-C、载脂蛋白A~I等)均与WBC、CRP、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α呈显著负相关,具有积极抗炎作用。同时,也发现HDL-C是ACLF患者疾病进展和生存的有力预测指标。肝脏是血脂代谢的重要调节器官,它参与包括脂蛋白在内的合成、运输及代谢功能[23]。研究[24-25]发现,疾病因素(如:HBV感染)可通过影响肝功能来干扰脂质代谢,轻至重度的肝损伤,可能会直接或间接影响血浆中这些脂质的水平。ACLF患者肝损伤严重,影响血浆中HDL-C水平,导致HDL-C水平降低,而HDL-C降低又加重肝损伤[26]。因此,MHR作为结合炎症及抗炎双重机制的临床指标,在评估ACLF患者炎症反应水平及其预后方面具有潜在研究价值。前期本课题组研究[9]发现,MLR作为一种炎症标志物,其对HBV-ACLF短期预后的评估具有重要预测价值。本次研究再次论证发现,较高MLR水平提示较差的临床预后。同时本研究结果发现,MHR、MLR及MELD评分是影响HBV-ACLF短期预后的独立危险因素,能有效预测HBV-ACLF患者短期预后。通过ROC曲线分析发现,MHR(AUC=0.627,P=0.018)、MELD评分(AUC=0.712,P<0.001)和MLR(AUC=0.713,P<0.001)均具有较好的预测效能。同时,相比于MELD评分,MHR计算更加简便,临床易获取。因此,MHR对HBV-ACLF患者的临床转归具有潜在预测价值。
本研究发现,年龄、BMI、血清Na+是影响HBV-ACLF患者临床预后的独立影响因素,这与本课题组前期研究结论一致[9,27-28]。同时,生存组AFP水平相比死亡组高(P=0.010)。本课题组前期研究[29]发现,AFP可作为预测HBV-ACLF短期预后的血清标志物,高AFP水平往往提示更好的预后。同时,对HBV-ACLF患者人工肝血浆置换术后30、90及180 d的预后分析[30]发现,生存组AFP水平显著高于死亡组。因此,本课题组认为在排除肝癌及生殖系肿瘤后,AFP可作为评估肝脏再生能力的血清学指标。对此,本课题组将继续积极探索AFP在肝病中潜在临床价值。
综上所述,MHR可作为HBV-ACLF短期预后判断的潜在临床预测指标。然而,本项研究仍存在一定的局限性。本研究为单中心、回顾性观察性研究,因前期尚有相当部分患者因血脂指标缺失导致入组样本量较少。因此,本中心将积极开展前瞻性、大样本、多中心的临床研究,以期进一步探讨MHR在HBV-ACLF患者临床转归中的预测价值。
伦理学声明:本研究方案于2020年7月9日由西部战区总医院伦理委员会审批,批号:2020ky005。利益冲突声明:本文不存在任何利益冲突。作者贡献声明:刘林负责研究设计、数据收集与论文撰写;王玲参与数据收集及分析;汤善宏负责拟定研究思路及文章关键内容修改。
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收稿日期:2022-11-19;录用日期:2022-12-25
本文编辑:王莹
引证本文:LIU L, WANG L, TANG SH. Value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in predicting the short-term prognosis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure[J]. J Clin Hepatol, 2023, 39(8): 1841-1847.