感 叹 句

◎高 洁

感叹句表示说话人的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，由what 或how 引导，句末用感叹号，朗读时用降调。感叹句是历年中考常考的题型，通常以单项选择的形式呈现。

考查重点：

1. 感叹句的基本用法；

2. 对引导词what 和how 的选择；

3. 陈述句改感叹句。

考向一 感叹句的基本用法

用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句由what 或how 引导，具体用法如下表：

类别 结构 例句What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）______What a kind girl (she is)! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！what 引导What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）What beautiful flowers (they are)!多么漂亮的花！What bad weather (it is)!____________________________多么糟糕的天气！______________How + 主语 + 谓语 How time flies! 时间飞逝！how 引导How brave (the hero is)!（这个英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks!他走得多慢啊！How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 +谓语）How clever a boy (he is)!（他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！

【典例】

1. ___________________ exciting news! We’ve never had ___________________ long vacation before.

A. What；such a B. What an；such a

C. How；such a D. What；so

【答案】A

【解析】句意：多么令人兴奋的消息！以前我们从来没有这么长的假期。此题考查“What +形容词+ 名词”和“such a +形容词+ 名词”结构。故选A。

2. —Look! ___________________ clean the classroom looks!

—Yes. I’m sure somebody ___________________ it up.

A. What; has cleaned B. How; has cleaned

C. What; cleaned D. How; cleaned

【答案】B

【解析】句意：——看！教室看起来多么干净啊！——是啊。我确定有人已经打扫过了。前一句修饰形容词clean，应用how，排除A、C 两项；有人打扫才会干净，侧重对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，故选B。

考向二 陈述句改感叹句

陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一断二加三换位”的方法。

1. “一断”，即在谓语后断开，使句子分为两部分。

She is ‖ a beautiful girl. 她是一个美丽的姑娘。

He works ‖ hard. 他工作努力。

2. “二加”，即如果第二部分是一个名词(词组)，就加上what，如果第二部分为副词或形容词，就加上how。

She is ‖ (what) a beautiful girl.

He works ‖ (how) hard.

3. “三换位”，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。

What a beautiful girl she is!

How hard he works!

【典例】

She is a hard-working student. (改为感叹句)

【答案】What a hard-working student she is! /How hard-working she is!

【解析】感叹句有What... 和How... 两种结构，在该题中，如果用what，感叹部分为What a hard-working student；而如果用How，感叹部分则为How hard-working。

方法技巧

感叹句记忆口诀

感叹句，并不难，what 与how 应在前。

形容词、副词跟着how，what 后面名词连。

名词若是可数单，前带冠词a 或an。

主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。

练习

1. _____________________ beautiful the East Lake is! Last month, he showed us around the beautiful lake.

A. How a B. What C. How D. What a

2. Hainan will become a free trade port. _____________________ exciting news it is!

A. What an B. What C. How D. How an

3. _____________________ big success the charity show was! We have raised a lot of money.

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

4. _____________________ big success Stephen Hawking was! He was one of the bestknown scientists on space and time in the world.

A. How B. What C. How a D. What a

5. —____________ lovely the weather is!—Yes. ____________ good time we are having!

A. How; What B. What a; How

C. How; What a D. What; What

6. _____________________ useful robot it is! It can help with the housework like a human servant.

A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

7. — _____________________ exciting the movieStrangers on a Trainis!

—Sure, I have seen it three times.

A. What B. What an C. How D. How an

8. _____________________ heavily it is raining now!

A. What B. How C. What a D. How a

9. — _____________________ crowded Qingliang East Road is!

—Yes, because the number of cars has kept _____________________ greatly since April.

A. What a; rising B. How a; raising

C. How; rising D. What; raising

10. —Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.

— _____________________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a