Abstracts of Main Essays

New Critical Interpretation of Aristotle’s Akrasia Thought

ZHAN Shi-you， SONG Min-ting

It has been controversial among the scholars about how and whether Aristotle explains akrasia successfully. Some scholars pay special attention to the intellectual cause of akrasia， others to the unintellectual cause of akrasia. In fact， Aristotle’s interpretation of the cause of akrasia takes a double-cause reading model that includes both desire and reason. This model distinguishes the thinking process from action process of akrasia. In the thinking process， the desire and reason from the akratic are potential. The desire in him is a potential wish， and the reason(i.e.， knowledge) in him is potential phronesis. In the action process， motivated by appetite， the reason of the weak allows himself to abandon earlier consideration and yield to appetite， while the reason of the impetuous is hidden behind desire. The imputability of the impetuous is confirmed， with reason， by spontaneity of desire.

Analysis on Logic Relation in Subject-predicate Sentence Pattern： Individual and Genre

KONG Hong

Frege discovered the form of atomic sentences in the process of linguistic analysis. He believed that the basic logical relationship in subject-predicate sentences is the relation between an object and a concept， and proposed a new theory of concept. The development of semantics in modern logic shows that the relation between individuals and classes is the basic logical relationship in subject-predicate sentences. There are some problems with Frege’s concept theory that can be solved by reinterpreting the meaning and denoting of conceptual words， and it also proves that the relation between individuals and classes is the basic logical relationship in subject-predicate sentences. The traditional logic directly depends on the surface grammar in natural languages， while the modern logic created by Frege reveals the deep grammatical structure of sentences through the surface grammar of sentences， and makes a more rigorous and accurate treatment of sentence structures. Thus we can see the intrinsic connection between modern logic and linguistic analysis， and the important role Fregean logic syntax plays in philosophical analysis.

Analysis on Social Role of Urban Guild Halls along theHanRiver Belt during the Early-MiddleQingDynasty： Geographical Connection and Local Integration

QIN Zhao-gui， WANG Yao

In the early and middle Qing Dynasty， the Han River trade route was gradually revived as an important trade route connecting business and trade in the east， west， south， and north of the state. With the development of long-distance trade， commerce in the cities along the Han River became increasingly prosperous， and businessmen of different groups took root in the cities and built chambers. Most of the chambers of commerce in the cities along the Han River were magnificent， became important landmark landscapes of the cities， and had important identification significance. Therefore， they affected people’s impression of the cities， and developed into common memories and emotions of out-of-province settlers and locals， thereby forming a collective identity in urban social life and becoming the memory of the city. As a trade and commerce organization dominated by businessmen from another province， the chambers were deeply involved in the urban social grassroots governance， spontaneously maintained the order of the urban market， played the part of the functions of municipal construction， charity， and public welfare， and to a certain extent， realized integration of the local culture.

Study of Modern Chinese Communal Recognition of Sea Power：Chinese Public Policy Adaptation to the New World Trend(1927—1949)

HU Jun-xiu

The foreign aggression of China has frequently derived from the seas since the Opium War. As a result， the issue of maritime rights suddenly has emerged among the Chinese people. Compared with the passivity in Late Qing Dynasty and ignorance in the Beiyang Government Period， the cognition of maritime rights of the Chinese society in the Nanjing National Government Period had a breakthrough in three dimensions. Firstly， coast defense should be based on the imaginary enemy as a reference to guarantee the marine safety， constructing island chains and substituting defensive defense to aggressive defense. Secondly， the maritime rights transcended a single military dimension， linking the marine economy with national forces. People advocated vigorously digging marine resources， improving shipping capacity and marine trade because it would not only prosper the national economy but also help coast defense. Thirdly， as far as the international situation is concerned， China takes a broad view of the competition in the Pacific and China’s strategic position， and maintains that as a Pacific country， China should take the security of the Pacific as its own responsibility and actively seek a say in Pacific issues and world peace. At the same time， the fundamental purpose of the Chinese people’s maritime rights has not changed， and they continue to pursue their pacifist pursuit of self-defense. The change and invariance of the concept of maritime rights in the context of national crisis not only shows the openness of accepting new knowledge， but also continues the goodwill of pursuing peace， both of which show the same glory， and the limitation of The times and history.

Study of Academic Ontology and Realistic Ontology from the Perspective of Philosophical Certainty and Uncertainty

QIANG Yi-hua

If the ontology of traditional Chinese and Western philosophy is placed under the two visions of “interpreting” the world and “constructing” the world， the noumenon has two meanings： academic and realistic. In the study of ontology， philosophers study ontology only from the perspective of interpreting the world， and know the academic meaning of noumenon explained in philosophical theory. Based on this meaning， Western philosophy also regards the metaphysics of ontology as first science， which has led to the “crisis” of Western metaphysics and the trend of rejection of metaphysics. But when people look at ontology from the perspective of constructing the world， they will find that traditional Chinese and Western philosophers have incorporated their own subjective value regulations based on scientific knowledge in interpreting the connotations of noumenon， and tried to give this regulation as a kind of “meaning” to the noumenon or the world. When their actions meet the standards of “reasonableness of facts” and the standard of “reasonableness of value”， and are supported by certain subjective conditions， the meaning of noumenon or world given by philosophers is regarded by the community as the real nature of the world， academic noumenon has become the real noumenon. Based on this real noumenon， the public have formed their worldview on life and values， which are determined through the rules of human nature. When philosophers who only stand “within philosophy”understand the meaning of noumenon as academic meaning from the perspective of “interpreting” the world， they will be arguing what noumenon is and concludes that “philosophy is inconclusive” because they cannot judge right or wrong about “transcendental” ontology by experience. If they stand “outside of philosophy” and find the realistic meaning of noumenon from the perspective of “constructing” the world， then they will be able to discover a definite world constructed by ontology， and affirm that “philosophy has a definite conclusion”，from which they discover the most important world-building role of the philosophical discipline hitherto largely ignored by philosophers.

Analysis on Technological Empowerment on Modernization Construction of Chinese Rural Communities： Significance， Challenge and Solution

WEN Feng-an

With the rapid development of modern digital technology， the application of digital technology in rural construction is one of the key factors to implement the strategy of Rural Revitalization. Digital technology empowering rural construction(DTERC) is an important link to promote rural revitalization， an important means to promote urban-rural integration， and an important support for building a digital China. At present， the DTERC is faced with many difficulties， including the lagging development of rural digital infrastructure construction， the lack of compound talents to promote the digital transformation of rural construction， and the lack of technical support for the digital transformation in the agricultural field. Therefore， we need to strengthen infrastructure construction and realize the digital transformation of rural construction； Strengthen the main capacity of rural construction and realize individual empowerment； Promote digital technology innovation and realize effective empowerment.

Analysis on Smart Media as Power and Public Participation from the Space Theory Perspective

LV Shang-bin， HUANG Hong-ye

From the perspective of the intelligent applications launched by various media in the NPC and CPPCC in the past two years， intelligent technology has constructed a new dimension of network information space， power and knowledge. From the dimension of the change of the relationship between media technology and “space-power”， it is found that intelligent algorithm does not mean the absolute control of power by media or capital. The media driven by intelligent technology empowers the public， and the media partly transfers the power of setting space issues to the public. At the same time， the will of the public seeps into the production mechanism of space issues， and the intelligent technology， as a “symbol” of power， helps the public to realize the transformation of spatial identity. In the language of intelligent media as a “medium of power”， the media share power with the public and build space together. Through the intelligent technology， the media and the public share the power， build the space， the change of the information space communication order is objectively promoting the distribution of the power in the field of communication， which opens up a new possibility for the state to hold and innovate the ideological work.