英文摘要

Abstracts

Sino-Russian Arctic Security Cooperation from the Perspective of Defensive Realism (5)

Xie Xiaoguang Du Dongguang

【Abstract】Security cooperation in the Arctic region is a milestone in the relations between China and Russia.As a classical theory that influences a country’s foreign policy decisions, defensive realism may be used to interpret the structure and course of China-Russia cooperation in Arctic security affairs.On the one hand, the current Arctic governance is moving towards the pattern of “multipolar competition” under the leadership of the Arctic Council; On the other hand, driven by economic complementarity, a shared perception to external threat, power balance and so on, China and Russia have developed a closer security cooperation partnership, which to a certain extent has enhanced their security cooperation in the Arctic region, such as joint exploitation of resources, construction of airline infrastructure and heightened awareness of security cooperation.China and Russia are facing many challenges due to their differences in perception, the uncertainty of global climate change, and the danger of militarization of Arctic security by the United States.Therefore, identifying the core interests and demands of China and Russia in the Arctic region, acknowledging their differences, strengthening their strategic cooperation in the emerging technology sector, creating a new model of China-Russia Arctic +X cooperation,and jointly establishing the Arctic Science and Sustainable Development Fund are some of the options for the two countries to deal with the challenges.

【Key Words】Defensive realism, Arctic region, security cooperation, Sino-Russian cooperation, Militarization of Arctic

【Authors】Xie Xiaoguang, Professor of the School of International Economic and International Relations, and Research Fellow of the Center for Comparative Economic System Research, Liaoning University, whose research fields are comparative politics,international relations in the Asia Pacific region and international political economy; Du Dongguang, MA Student of the School of International Economics and Politics, Liaoning University, whose research focuses on international order, Arctic governance and ocean order and so on.

COVID-19 Aid of the US to Pacific Island Countries: Causes,Paths and Implications for China (22)

Li Huping

【Abstract】The Pacific island countries are an important part of the global COVID-19 aid initiative of the US.Since the outbreak of the pandemic, the US, which identifies itself as the global health leader and recognizes the important geostrategic position of Pacific island countries in its Indo-Pacific strategy, has increased its efforts to provide COVID-19 aid to Pacific island countries and built an cooperation system led by the US with the participation of countries in the region and international and regional organizations,enhancing the pandemic response capacity of the Pacific Island countries.Such aid has a strong geopolitical overtone of containing China, which damages China’s international antipandemic image and has a negative impact on the anti-pandemic cooperation between China and the Pacific island countries and even the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

【Key Words】COVID-19, Pacific island countries, Trump administration, 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

【Author】Li Huping, Doctoral Student of the School of Politics and International Relations, East China Normal University, whose research focuses on international security theory.

Belt and Road Health Governance Mechanism: Status Quo,Challenges and Solutions (38)

An Dewan Zhang Jianhong

【Abstract】The current Belt and Road health governance mechanism includes a global health governance mechanism, a health governance mechanism embedded in a regional security mechanism, and some specialized mechanisms that focus on specific aspects of health governance.These different mechanisms are not sufficiently integrated; there is no clearly defined common goal; the overall governance is ineffective.The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a normative goal for the Belt and Road health governance mechanism.The 2030 SDGs could not only help coordinate the health governance mechanisms and improve their effectiveness, but also create an opportunity for the transformation of global health governance.In the process of improving the Belt and Road health governance mechanism, in addition to providing health public goods and sharing best practice in building domestic health systems, China may also play a leading role in the transformation of the global health governance system.

【Key Words】Belt and Road Initiative, health governance mechanism, international mechanisms, integration of international mechanisms, 2030 SDGs

【Authors】An Dewan, Ph.D.in international relations, Lecturer at the School of Marxism,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, whose research interests include global governance and international relations theory; Zhang Jianhong, Ph.D.in international relations, Lecturer at the School of Marxism, Guilin Medical University, whose research focuses on global governance and international security.

International Cooperation on COVID-19 Vaccines from the Perspective of Collective Action: Logic, Dilemma, and Solutions (58)

Wang Zhao Cui Lijie

【Abstract】International cooperation on the supply side of COVID-19 vaccine products is a key and typical collective action in the global fight against the pandemic.Existing studies have shown that based on the uniqueness of COVID-19 vaccine products, state behaviors in international cooperation tend to follow the logic of rational choice.It reflects the dilemma of international cooperation, but national rationalism can not fully explain the dilemma.From the perspective of collective action, state behavior in international cooperation is defined by rationalism alone, but is shaped by both individual rationality and collective irrationality.Individual rationality leads to collective irrationality, which is not only the logical starting point of national behavior in international cooperation on COVID-19 vaccines, but also the underlying mechanism of the cooperation dilemma.To analyze how to break the dilemma, we should not only heed and understand the logic of the national interest and the positions of individual countries, but also fully consider the irrational role affecting collective actions, identify challenges and seek solutions.

【Key Words】collective action dilemma, international cooperation on COVID-19 vaccines,rationalism

【Authors】Wang Zhao, MA Student of the College of Politics and Public Administration,Qingdao University, whose research focuses on international relations and international law; Cui Lijie, MA Student of the College of Politics and Public Administration, Qingdao University, whose research focuses on international relations and international law.

The Role and Strategy of G20 in the Transformation of Global Development Governance (79)

Yang Yiwen

【Abstract】The current international development assistance system, built on the post-WWII Bretton Woods system, is an international order with the United Nations system as the core and international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as the support.Thanks to the changes in the global political and economic landscape, the international development assistance system dominated by the developed nations in the West is now challenged by emerging multilateral assistance mechanisms such as the BRICS New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.As emerging economies are rising, they are participating in global development governance in many aspects, such as development assistance and technical cooperation.The G20 mechanism, featuring cooperation between developed countries and emerging economies, has become an important part of global development governance and will make an important contribution to promoting the community of shared future for global development.This paper discusses how the G20 plays an important role in global development governance, analyzes the role of the G20 in its current transformation, and the corresponding strategic choices.

【Key Words】G20, global governance, development issues, a community of shared future for global development

【Author】Yang Yiwen, Doctoral Student of Beijing Foreign Studies University, whose research focuses on international organizations and global governance.

The Trend of Cuban Americans’ Partisanship: A Quantitative Analysis (92)

Cai Hong Chen Zeyu

【Abstract】This study utilizes assimilation theory to explore the dynamics of Cuban Americans’ partisanship.By drawing on data from 2000 to 2020, we adopt non-parametric methods to analyze the changes in the proportions of Republicans, Democrats, and Independents.The trend analysis shows that most Cuban Americans continue to support the Republican Party.However, their support for the Republican Party is declining as the number of Independents is increasing, which corresponds to the overall trend in American politics.This provides evidence for the gradual assimilation of Cuban Americans.The change in Cuban Americans’ reasons for immigrating, from political motives to economic ones, has accelerated the assimilation process although their geographic concentration has tended to reduce the effect of assimilation.

【Key Words】Cuban Americans, partisanship, trend analysis, assimilation

【Authors】Cai Hong, PhD in American Studies, Associate Professor of the School of English for Specific Purposes, Beijing Foreign Studies University, whose research interests are American race/ethnicity, immigration, and gender studies; Chen Zeyu, MA Student of the School of International Organizations, Beijing Foreign Studies University, whose research focuses on diplomacy and international economics.

Economic Development Dilemma and Governance in Nigeria(109)

Piao Yingji

【Abstract】The Nigerian economy fell into recession twice in 2016 and 2020,triggering the worst recession in 25 years.Against this backdrop, Nigeria has been facing serious economic difficulties including sluggish economic growth, rising poverty and unemployment, mounting food insecurity and deteriorating security situation.Although its economic growth resumed in 2021, the pace of economic recovery is slow and unable to make up for the loss caused by the recession.Nigeria is facing a range of structural obstacles hindering economic development, such as backward institutional system and weak governance, sluggish infrastructure and domestic market segmentation, slow structural transformation and unbalanced regional development, non-inclusive growth and high security risks.The Nigerian economy is at a critical stage.It is therefore of vital importance for the government to grapple with these structural obstacles and formulate an effective governance system, so as to lay solid foundation for a sustainable economic development.

【Key Words】Nigeria, economic development, security risk, digital transformation

【Author】Piao Yingji, Associate Research Fellow of the Institute of West-Asian and African Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, whose research focuses on African Economic Development and Regional Economic Integration.

Research on China-Serbia Iron & Steel Cooperation in the Era of Carbon Peaking and Neutrality: Challenges and Suggestions(131)

Wang Bing

【Abstract】The iron and steel cooperation between China and Serbia is an important pillar for the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.In the context of global response to climate change and joint efforts in achieving carbon peaking and neutrality, their iron and steel projects are faced with increasing challenges.This study analyzes the challenges posed by the carbon peaking and neutrality policies of Serbia,the EU and other major trading partners to the cooperation projects.The author has put forward some suggestions for the two governments and companies.The study finds that the production process and product lines and external energy supply structure of the projects make it difficult and costly to comply with relevant policies and targets.It is suggested that the companies should adjust their mix of raw materials, product and energy structure,improve energy efficiency and processes, and make more use of external low-carbon technologies and green finance.It is also suggested that the two governments should strengthen cooperation in building a carbon neutrality mechanism, researching on crossborder carbon transfer and taxation, and play a stronger role in setting the agenda of climate change.This study will contribute to strengthening the steel cooperation between China and Serbia, the low-carbon development of the Belt and Road Initiative and the realization of carbon neutrality in China.

【Key Words】carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, iron and steel, Serbia, 2Cs

【Author】Wang Bing, Lecturer at the School of Foreign Studies, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Research Fellow of the Institute of People-to-people Exchange in Mining and Steel Industry, USTB.His research interests include international energy politics, China-CEEC cooperation, and international political communication.

In-depth Reflections on Regional Democracy and Selfdetermination under the Framework of European Integration——A Review of Catalonia, Scotland and the EU: Visions of Independence and Integration (146)

Sun Fenglan Wang Chun

【Abstract】In the classic works on European state-building, sovereignty refers to the de jure and de facto administration of a state over a delimited geographic territory, and separation is the act of a part of a sovereign state establishing itself as a new state.The two are often seen as two sides of the same coin.Since the end of World War II, with the creation of the United Nations, the principles of state sovereignty and national selfdetermination have been considered cornerstones of international law, although they are not always so easily reconciled in practice.In this context, recent developments in Scotland and Catalonia are typical cases that have sparked discussions on regional democracy and selfdetermination.In 2022, a new book by Niklas Bremberg and Richard Gillespie (Catalonia,Scotland and the EU: Visions of Independence and Integration) offers a new solution to the tensions of regional struggles in the European integration process, which is worth close reading.

【Key Words】area studies, independence, integration, democracy, self-determination

【Authors】Sun Fenglan, Senior Editor, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,Beijing Foreign Studies University, whose research interests include applied linguistics and regional studies; Wang Chun, Undergraduate Student, School of International Relations,Beijing Foreign Studies University, whose research interests include international relations and international politics.