引导学生通过分析语篇解答“七选五”阅读题的几个方法

芮芳

“七选五”阅读题主要考查学生理解语篇的能力。“七选五”阅读题要求学生有较强的语篇意识，能够把握语篇的整体结构和内在衔接。

根据系统功能语言学理论，语篇从三个维度存在相互的内在关联。一是概念，语篇题材、体裁相同，讲述的事情相同，从而体现其语篇概念上的连贯。二是交际，其语气和态度的和谐统一，就可以实现交际的预设目标。三是语篇结构上的内在衔接关系。在“七选五”阅读题中，常见的衔接手段有结构衔接、逻辑衔接和词汇衔接。

一、结构衔接

1.设空在标题，所选标题要与其它標题保持结构和风格上的一致。小标题一般短小精悍，多为祈使句或名词短语。

●__________

Do not follow the people who make you feel notgood enough.Why do you follow them？ Are you hop-ing that eventually you will feel empowered becauseyour life is better than theirs？ Know that your life isyour own; you are the only you in this world.

●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you havemade...

●Recognize all of your strengths...（2020年全国卷I）

D. Remember， you are only human.

E. Set an intention for self- acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

解析：根据祈使句的标题句式特点，先筛选出选项DEF，然后根据语篇的概念意义连贯中的表述同一个话题，选出答案F。

2.设空在段首，段首句通常是该段的中心句/主题句。

Before there was the written word， there was thelanguage of dance. Dance expresses love and hate， joyand sorrow ，life and death， and everything else in be-tween.

__1

We dance from Florida to Alaska， from northto south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings， birth-days， office parties and just to fill the time.（ 2018年全国卷in）

A. So why do we dance？

B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.

C. If you like dancing outdoors， come to America.

D. My older students say it makes them feel young.

解析：根据段落中两个“from.….to”跟选项中“ev-erywhere”相呼应。正确答案是B项。

3.设空在段尾，段尾句一般是总结归纳、呼应首句或是引出下文

Like any other skills， develop your attention skill.38 Start creating the conditions for uninterruptedwork by noticing everything that distracts you. You canalso start tracking your attention to get a better insightinto how you are currently using your time.一39 （南京市2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题）

A. We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：根据同一话题，呼应首句，39空选出答案G。

二、逻辑衔接

1.转折关系

55 However， anger can easily tum violent， andit is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in or-der to prevent its presence. With these main reasons inmind， we can evaluate our level of anger throughout theday and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehendingthe reasons for our feelings. （2018年北京卷）

D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybepeople think that they have reasons to feel angry.

解析：根据表转折的逻辑关系词“however”，答案选D。

2.顺承关系

Like any other skills， develop your attention skill.38 Start creating the conditions for uninterruptedwork by noticing everything that distracts you. You canalso start tracking your attention to get a better insightinto how you are currently using your time. _39（南京市2021-2022學年高二上学期期中考试英语试题）

A.We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：38空，根据“develop your attention skill"和选项F中“train your attention by practicing…”是顺承关系。

3.因果关系

Attention， like time， is limited._40 Am I spend-ing my time on things that add value to my life？ Are myactions moving me toward or away from what mattersmost in my life？ Managing your attention is managingyour life.（南京市2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题）

A. We lose focus easily.

B. So keep asking yourself every day.

C. Attention is how you get things done.

D. Our attention is a precious resource.

E. We should make the most of the limited time.

F. Train your attention by practising demandingtasks often.

G. Then take a step back， and assess how youspend your attention.

解析：40空与前一句是因果关系，与后一句是顺承关系，所以答案选B项。

三、词汇衔接

1.同范畴词

37 If the air you' re breathing is clean ——which it would be if you' re away from the smog of cit-ies ——then the air is filled with life-giving， energizingoxygen. If you exercise out of doors， your body willleam to breathe more deeply， allowing even more oxy-gen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.（ 2019全国卷I）

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

解析：此段落中的“body， muscle， brain”与选项中“lungs”属于同范畴词。

2.同义复现

Your productivity is improved. Exercismg makesyou more awake and ready to handle whatever is aheadof you for the day._37（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）

E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours af-ter exercise.

解析：这句话中的“make you more awake"及E选项中的“keep your head clear”属于同义复现。

综上所述，分析语篇中的衔接手段，更有助于解答“七选五”阅读题，教师要引导学生在日常的学习中总结方法，攻克这种题型。

本文系江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划立项课题“指向逻辑思维的高中英语语篇连贯教学研究”（批准号D/2020/02/90）的阶段性研究成果。

（作者单位：江苏省江浦高级中学）