齐思贤
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》提出了大概念/大观念,即“重视以学科大概念为核心,使课程内容结构化,以主题为引领,使课程情境化,促进学科核心素养的落实”。观念是反映学科本质的核心知识、思想和价值;是联结教学内容的核心概念架构;是统摄教与学过程的原则和方法(王蔷等,2021)。也就是说在英语教学中要发挥学科育人的功能,关注学生核心素养的培养,体现学生主体、单元整体。
一、导向性的学习目标
素养导向的学习目标是核心素养目标在单元的具体化,应从语言能力、学习能力、文化意识、思维品质的角度确立教学目标。本文以人教版(2019)教材选择性必修三Unit 4“Adversity and Courage”为例进行大单元整合教学案例分析。
语言能力:
主题:逆境与勇气
词汇:单词和词块
语法:现在完成进行时
语篇:几则南极探险日记以及“坚韧号”船员的回忆录。
表达:写一篇本次南极探险的故事评论。
学习能力:
根据人物的具体言行分析其情感变化,解读其性格品质;抓住因果关键词,理解人物行动或抉择的意义。
文化意识:
了解20世纪初人类进行南极探险的历史背景、典型人物及故事;培养坚毅的品质和乐观的态度,勇于面对挑战、挫折与逆境。
思维品质:
能够根据不同角度的叙事整理出“坚韧号”南极探险的大致历程;对文本中的细节进行推理分析,判断人物的心理状态和性格品质;基于形势需要对人物的背景进行推理分析,判断人物的心理状态和性格品质;基于故事内容的理解评判人物。
二、引领性的学习主题
主题体现学习内容的价值。确定引领性学习主题有四个依据:学科课程标准、学科教材内容、核心素养的进阶发展以及学生的实际情况。各子主题之间要具有一致性、系统性、进阶性。本单元的主题开展见图1。
三、挑战性的学习任务
挑战性的学习任务由一组彼此关联、结构化的、有逻辑的学习活动构成。由学生完成,有实践性、探索性、开放性等特征。
1. 构建问题链,启发思维
From the title, was the expedition a success or a failure? What did they succeed in doing and what did they fail to do? What figure of speech is it? Is it a good title? Why or why not?
Why did Shackleton throw away all his gold?
Why did he allow Hussey to keep his banjo?
What did the crew members have to do to make sure they could survive?
What do you think would happen next?
Give your overall impressions of the expedition and the men who went on it.
2. 挖掘内涵,深度学习
Task 1: What is the main idea of Perce Blackborows each diary entry? Fill in the blanks.
Task 2:Inferring feelings and emotions.(见下页图2)
Task 3:How to infer character traits and emotions? Fill in the blanks. Pay attention to the characters words and actions & other peoples comments on them.(见下页表1、表2)
3. 建立关联,迁移创新
Events:Has anything similar ever happened to you, or to someone you know? Does anything in the story remind you of events in the real world? For example, events you have read about in newspapers or heard about on television news programmes.
Characters: Do any of them remind you of people you know? How? Why? Have you ever had the same thoughts or feelings as these characters have? Do you know anybody who thinks, feels, behaves like that?
(1)Imagine yourself as one of the crew members who were left on Elephant Island. How would your life be like? What would you do to save yourself?
(2)Imagine we were members of the crew, what can we eat and drink and how? What else can we do on the island? How can we cheer ourselves up?
(3)Imagine yourself to be Shackleton, how would you choose your team members?
4. 画思维导图,形成结构化知识
Task: Based on the memoir, retell the story of Shackletons men who were left on Elephant Island.(见图3)
核心素养的培养是一个复杂的认知和价值判断能力的发展过程,对一个大主题全面、深入的理解,需要多语篇、多视角地对主题意义进行挖掘,需要通過听、说、读、看、写等多种方式开展主题学习,因此要对同一大观念下多个单元进行整合。
同时,笔者对人教版新教材共七册教材的单元话题进行了梳理,从“人与自然”“人与社会”“人与自我”三个大主题出发,归纳各子主题,打破单元顺序,把单课整合到大主题中,把孤立的知识点整合为知识结构框架,从注重知识技能学习到注重学科核心素养的培养,从而提高学习和复习效率。
责任编辑 魏文琦
实习编辑 李惠霞