刘继华
一英语社纳新启事
【写作任务】
假定你是李华,是校英语社社长。你社打算吸纳更多社员,请你写一份纳新启事,内容包括:(1)介绍社团活动;(2)鼓励大家入社;(3)告知报名时间、方式。注意:(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【学生原文】
Club Members Wanted(1)
Good news for everyone! Our English Club is recruiting for(2) the(3) new members!
Awarded as the best club all over(4) the school, our club never fails to sparkle(5) students enthusiasm about English due to various activities(6) ranging from the annual English Festival to the thrilling Costume Gala(7) themed(8) on British culture. As for those keen Shakespeare lovers, we have plenty of precious collections(9) to offer, which you can not(10) afford(11) to miss.
Anyone interested in English is welcome to sign up for our club. Just call 922154 to register before next Friday.
【刘教授批改】
(1)标题形式不错,符合英语使用习惯,但只说了“Club”,没有点明是“English Club”,读者会感到有些迷惑。
(2)删去“for”。因为“new members”是“recruit”的对象,是它的动作接受者,“recruit”的动作直接作用于“new members”上,是及物动词,不能用“for”。“recruit”当然也可以作不及物动词,但作不及物动词用时,这个动作的直接对象的意义已经包含在“recruit”这个词本身之中。跟“for”是表示目的對象而不是动作对象,如“recruit for the navy”(“为海军招募新兵”——《英汉大词典》),“We are not planning at present to recruit any new members for our club”(《英语搭配大词典》)等。
(3)删去“the”。这是第一次提到“new members”,非特指。
(4)“all over”是一个区域上的概念,含有“到处都”的意思,用在此处不大合适。这个句子实际是说,在学校所有社团中我们这个最好,讲的是数量和集合,以“of”为好。
(5)“sparkle”本义是“冒火花”“闪光”,是不及物动词,后面不跟名词。当然,它也可作及物动词,意思是“使……发光/冒火花”,如“Moonlight sparkled the water”(“月光照得水面闪闪发光。”——《英汉大词典》)。但,“enthusiasm”发光、冒火花的意象在英文中非常别扭,所以它一般是不与“sparkle”搭配的。与“enthusiasm”搭配的词,如果是“激发”,多可用“arouse”“rouse”等。如想用火的意象,则可用“kindle”。此处将“sparkle”换成“arouse”就很好。
(6)“various activities”前缺少限定词,与“due to”的结合不够紧密。用“its various activities”就好了。
(7)这个Gala是每年都有,还是总共只举办过一次?如是前者,应有“annual”或“yearly”等词;如是后者,则与“activities ranging from…to...”配合不够紧密,因为要讲这样类型性的“activities”,一般不会拿只是举办过一次的活动放到“ranging from…to...”中。把“Gala”改为“Galas”也许好一些。但问题又来了:那么多次“Galas”,都是关于英国文化的?这里其实还是一个逻辑问题。建议把“the thrilling Costume Gala themed on British culture”改为“English culture galas”。
(8)“theme”多作名词。作动词的情况有,但一般作及物动词,意为“赋予……主题”,既如此,则其后应该跟具体的主题,但“British culture”更多的是内容范围,而不是主题,因此不是很妥当。
(9)语言上没有错,但是是什么“collections”呢?内容意义上不清楚。要讲清楚,就要有限定和说明,比如,如果是“collections of Shakespeare movies”(最好是“a collection of Shakespeare movies”),就清楚了。
(10)应是“cannot”。意为“不能”时,“can”与“not”的规范写法是不能分开的。
(11)用“afford”,语气好像有点太重了。如把“which you cannot afford to miss”改为“which is a shame/pity to miss”应该会合适得多。
【刘教授总结】
全文(含标题)95词,控制在60 ~ 100词间,符合要求。
这篇作文审题准确,没有偏离题情况,要点齐全,主次分明,较好地完成了写作交际任务。但在表达与目的传达上还需有更多考虑,一定要多站在受众(读者)角度上想想,他们想要什么。如标题没有点明“英语社团”,只是用了“Club Members Wanted”,会给读者留下较多疑惑。应用文的写作一定要明晰,除非是故意设一个悬念,以吸引读者往下读,否则不能让读者去“猜谜”——但这一类应用文,这样的“悬念”并不合适,它反而会让读者觉得写作者没有说清楚。
整篇文章语言对意义的传达还是不错的,基本上都能做到清楚、直接,语法正确性较高,词汇意义的把握也比较准确,从应用文的角度讲还是值得肯定的。但是,在词性以及词汇的用法搭配等方面还存在较多问题,如及物动词和不及物动词的用法区别、介词与动词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等还需要注意准确性与地道性。
在词汇用法上,有想要出新的努力,如用“theme”作动词等。这些努力很好,但一定要注意符合使用规范,要搞清楚词汇最基本、最本原的意义,方能用得妥帖。
建议:1.多注意词汇的本原意义,可多查查词典,尤其是英英词典;2.在词汇的运用方面多下点功夫,可多阅读英文原版书籍和报刊,多参阅搭配词典(如外语教学与研究出版社引进的《英语搭配大词典》《牛津英语搭配词典》等),以确保语言的正确与地道。
二故事续写
【写作任务】
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
I peered over my grandmas shoulder as she sewed pieces of cloth together. The two pieces became one faster than Id imagined. The colours, however, looked ugly when put together and none of the patterns matched. All the patches(补丁)on this blanket seemed to disagree.
“Grandma, thats the ugliest quilt Ive ever seen.”
“Oh, sweetie, its warm and beautiful,” said Grandma, pointing to a pile of crazy patterned shirts and suits. “I can take these old clothes that Grandpa and I will never wear again and turn them into something useful and good. Its not the quilts appearance but the love that sews it together that makes it beautiful. This quilt will keep you warm on a cold night like tonight. And I know that for a fact.” Grandma put her hand on my shoulder, “Not everyone is as lucky as we are. Here, put on your coat. Well get a second opinion about how ugly my quilts are.”
Grandma folded a finished quilt and tucked it into a shopping bag. Afterwards, we got in the car and drove downtown. The white snow turned grayer as we got to the city. Eventually, Grandma pulled up at a dark alley(小巷)and we got out of the car. The terrible smell of rotting garbage made me feel sick and pinch my nose shut. Grandma took my hand and led me to the street lamp. I could see the snow shimmering(發出微光)in the light.
Grandma paused. “Theres usually somebody down this alley. Its quiet and out of the wind—a good place to stay on cold nights. A nice warm quilt might make it even better.”
The dark engulfed(吞没)Grandma and me as we stepped deep into the alley. The pavement was cracked and missing in spots. Chicken bones and stained boxes littered their way. And Grandmas shoes made a loud sound with each step. Feeling frightened, I squeezed Grandmas hand. Grandma squeezed my hand back. “Its OK,” she smiled.
“Whos there?” shouted a voice out of the darkness.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下画线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下画线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1: “I have a nice warm quilt, if you want it,” said Grandma. _________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Back home, I found a worn-out quilt by accident in a cupboard. ________________________________________________
“I have a nice warm quilt, if you want it,” said Grandma. The door(1) creaked open and a shimmer of light filtered out(2). Then out came a skinny figure.(3) It was a pale-faced woman with shabby clothes on. Grandma smiled and pulled out the quilt from the shopping bag, handing(4) it to the woman, who looked puzzled at first but(5) the confusion on her face was soon replaced by a warm beam.(6) Grandma tenderly patted her on the shoulder and squeezed her hands(7). I stood rooted as the woman held the quilt tightly, grateful tears streaming down her cheeks, speechless. The darkness drowned us(8) in(9) this cold night, but I did see(10) something shining in my heart.
Back home, I found a worn-out quilt by accident in a cupboard. Curiosity drove me to my grandma. At the sight of the quilt.(11) Grandma gazed off, lost in thought. Then her eyes moistened and she began to recount the story between(12) the quilt and her. It was on a cold night many years ago when she was so poor and hardly made ends meet(13) that she received the quilt from a warm-hearted stranger, which made her determined to pass on the love and help those in need through hand-sewn quilt(14).(15) A touching smile crept ever(16) her face as her calloused hands stroking(17) the quilt. At the moment(18), I felt a ripple of warmth spreading over me. Hugging her tightly in my arm(19), I understood Grandmas words. What made the quit(20) beautiful was the love it contained(21). And I knew what I should do to these patched quilts.(22)
【劉教授批改】
(1)“The door”表示从屋子里出来,但从原文交代来看,以给露宿街头的人送被子为合适(详见下文点评中第三个问题)。另,无论是原文还是续写,都还没有提到屋子,因此用定冠词不妥,可改为“A door”。
(2)“creaked open”“a shimmer of light”“filtered out ”这三个词组的使用,使描写很生动,类型上有声音有光影有动作,修辞上有拟声有比喻,尤其是“creaked open”,暗示了房子老旧,很好。
(3)这样的倒装,往往暗示着一种突然的动作。这里因为有前句铺垫,突然性其实并不强,因此以正常语序句子为好。句式的选用应考虑它所传达的思想、意义、情感等(详见下文点评中第一个问题)。另,“figure”乃指身形、身影,与动作“out came”搭配其实不紧密[修改建议见注(6)]。
(4)“hand”这个动作发生在“pulled out”的同时,不太合理。其实,有许多时候,非限定动词的使用并不一定“高级”。这里如用“smiled, pulled out…and handed...”连续性动作,则更加符合动作逻辑,也更加符合英文描写习惯。
(5)本来是有转折意味的,但是转折关系是在“who”引导的从句内部,现在你换了“the confusion”这一新信息为主位,使“but”所引导的分句与主句并列,这个“but”的转折就没来由了。
(6)从“Then out came”开始到这一句结束,如果改成“A woman in shabby clothes came out of the house. She was skinny and pale-faced. Grandma smiled, pulled out the quilt from the shopping bag and handed it to her. The woman looked puzzled at first, but soon the confusion on her face was replaced by a warm beam”,应该更流畅、更自然、更好。这样改:第一,是从描写上注意到了顺序,先看到衣服脏破,再发现她瘦,再注意到她脸色苍白,在这样一个昏暗的环境中,是否更合理些?[另请参见注(4)]第二,是语言上注意到了reference(“A woman…She…her…The woman”等),很顺。第三,是把具有两个中心的长句拆分成了两个句子,更清楚,也更符合地道英语一个句子只能有一个中心的要求。
(7)这个动作写得好,也呼应了原文中对祖孙俩这个动作的描写,很能体现Grandma这个人物的个性,可圈可点。
(8)前面写到“a shimmer of light filtered out”,这里写“The darkness drowned us”,似乎有些矛盾,尤其是“drowned”一词的使用,过重,似乎把前面的光都忘了。如果用简单的“The darkness was thick around us”,可能更好。
(9)此处“in”用“on”可能更合适些,原文中就有“on cold nights”。
(10)没有必要用“did see”来强调(强调什么呢?为什么要强调它呢?),用简单的“saw”更清楚。
(11)此处句号用错了,应改为逗号。
(12)“between”着重强调了“之间”。这里好像不很妥当。用“the story of the quilt”(“and her”也不要了)就很好。
(13)“so poor”与“hardly made ends meet”不搭,而且“hardly made ends meet”还较多含有实际上还是“make ends meet”之意。改为“she was very poor and could hardly made ends meet”就顺多了。
(14)“quilt”应该是复数。另,这里的被子是否是“hand-sewn”其实可能并不重要(除非你想突出她要用手工缝制来体现这种“love”——如果是那样,那么词序上也须重新安排),放在这里反而抢了镜头。
(15)这个句子很长。长句不是不可以——而且,有长句与短句错杂使用非常好——但这个句子用了分裂句式,你是想强调什么呢?我觉得并不合适(详见下文点评部分第一个问题)。如果这个句子改成“It was what she received from a warm-hearted stranger on a cold night many years ago when she could hardly make ends meet, and that was when she determined to...”,应该会好得多。顺便说一下,改后的这个句子中去掉了“poor”。为什么?因为它不就是“could hardly make ends meet”吗?语义重复。何况你的词数已经有242个(不含开头语)了——如果是正式考试,时间也是需要把握的一个要素哦。
(16)应是“over”。大意了?
(17)应是“stroked”,是谓语动词。“as”引导的是从句。
(18)为什么要有“At the moment”?在这个句子中,这个时间不但不重要,而且反而会干扰意义传达(试问:如果不是“at the moment”,那又是何时?为什么“此刻”有那么重要?)去掉这个词组,这个句子反而更加干净利索。
(19)应是“arms”。一条手臂无法拥抱别人(至少一般来说如此)。
(20)应是“quilt”。拼写错误。好像你写到后面这种粗心的错误多了起来,是不是时间来不及了?要注意词数与时间的关系哦。
(21)在我看来,“the love it contained”是Chinglish。我会用“the love in it”。
(22)这个句子是我在这篇文章中唯一没有读明白的句子。什么是“what I should do to these patched quilts”?你想表达什么?也许你是想说“what I could do about my old clothes”?这个句子的初衷当然是想有某一种“升华”,但如果句子意义不明确的话,是要backfire的。所以,一定要记住,写作最最要紧的是意义、思想、情感的传达(如果可能,还有风格的传达)。
【刘教授点评】
總体来说,这篇续写写得非常好,情节设计合理,两段情节有联结、有发展,逻辑合理(第二段解释了第一段中Grandma的行为),尤其是语言通顺流畅,意义传达非常清楚,除最后一个句子有些问题外,基本上没有让人费劲琢磨的语句,有些用词和描写(如“squeezed”和“The door creaked open”)还非常生动。看得出,你有很好的语言功底和很细致的思考,但有以下几个问题以后需要多思考:
1.缺逻辑。这个问题,在我看来,是绝大多数学生的通病。这个逻辑指的是语言逻辑,用简单的话说,就是“为什么要这么说”。也就是说,你写下句子的时候,用某一种形式写出来的时候,有没有问过自己:我为什么要这么写?想要表达什么?想要传达什么思想、意义、情感、风格?所以读起来感觉就是“隔”。你这篇作文里最典型的一个句子就是“It was…that...”这个分裂句。如果我问你,你为什么要强调,你能否回答上来?你是不是只是觉得就是要用一个强调句,因为这显示了你会用这种句式,而且展示了你在作文中有多种句式?可是,你必须问自己一个问题:我想用这个句式传达什么?这一问,也许你就会更精细地思考了。其实,无论是句式还是词汇,任何语言形式,都是有其意义和目的的,我们在选用的时候,一定要问这个问题。
2.落窠臼。所谓落窠臼,就是用了一些现成的、人人都在用的、你信手就可拈来的expressions。写作文,我们经常如此,比如,写学期总结,总是“光阴如箭,日月如梭,一眨眼一个学期……”等等。在英语作文中,我们也经常套用一些现成的,比如,不管是高兴、悲伤还是感激,总是用“tears streamed/rolled down her cheeks/face”等。不是这些expressions不对,也不是它们不能用,问题在于,在那个地方适不适用!在你的第一段,那个女的如小溪般流下了“grateful tears”,用了transferred epithet和metaphor两个修辞手法,本