杨眉
阿姆斯特丹位于荷蘭西部的北荷兰省,不仅是荷兰的首都,还是该国最大的城市,是享誉世界的旅游城市。阿姆斯特丹从渔村发展为国际大都市,其间经历过辉煌,也遭遇过世界大战的洗礼。如今这里不仅有着优美的自然风景和厚重的历史文化,还以自由和宽容举世闻名,被认为是世界上最包容、最自由、最开放的城市之一。
阿姆斯特丹号称“北方威尼斯”,河网交错,有大小160多条人工开凿或修整拓宽的运河道。整个城市以中央火车站为圆心,经由弧形的5条运河层层铺开,其主要景点集中在大约1.5公里半径的运河带中。由于城市道路平坦,内城一个点到另一个点之间的距离最多只有5公里,因此,自行车是最实用的交通工具。人们骑着自行车上班、上学、购物、观光,阿姆斯特丹清晨的乐章,就是在车铃声中奏响的。
沿着运河走,就能够领略阿姆斯特丹别样的水城风情。河道两旁是典型的荷兰传统民居,房子正面细长,有的甚至仅容一人通过。这是因为19世纪时,阿姆斯特丹人口增长过快,运河岸的房子越来越多,为了控制人口,政府对新盖的房子进行征税,征税的标准便是门脸的大小。所以居民们只好尽力缩窄房屋正面面积。由于入门太小,家具无法进入,为此房上设有突出的吊钩,便于居民装运家具时,从窗户搬入。
来阿姆斯特丹,怎能不领略郁金香的芬芳和绚烂呢?每年春季的3月底到5月底,在春风的召唤下,成千上万的郁金香竞相绽放,美不胜收。阿姆斯特丹近郊有一个库肯霍夫郁金香公园,郁金香数量达600万株以上。在公园的草坪上,有一架高大而古老的风车,供游客们登高观花。进入风车内,从窗口向外俯瞰,一望无际的郁金香铺满天地之间,不由让人想起梵高笔下的《郁金香花圃》:各色郁金香争奇斗艳,犹如画笔在大地上镌刻下的印记。
如同风车和郁金香,伦勃朗·马尔曼松·里因、文森特·梵高是荷兰的另一张名片,他们也赋予阿姆斯特丹无穷无尽的艺术魅力。在阿姆斯特丹的街头巷尾,各种以伦勃朗、梵高名作为主题的衍生品充斥着人们的眼球,他们的形象也出现在巨幅海报上、画廊橱窗里、购物袋上……在荷兰,这两位艺术家的肖像旁鲜有文字说明,因为他们实在太出名了,根本不需要注释。阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆、梵高博物馆是游客热衷拜访的地方,人们可以在博物馆内领略两位艺术家的作品,从初创的青涩到艺术飞跃的进步,从孤独的疯狂到绮丽的想象,从热情的色泽到欢快的笔触,那些跳跃的艺术“音符”仿佛超越了时空,向观者传递出永恒的感动。
Waterscape of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, located in North Holland—a province in the western Netherlands, is not only the capital of the Netherlands, but also the largest city thereof, and a world-renowned tourist city.
Known as “Venice of the North”, Amsterdam has a network of crisscrossed waterways, including more than 160 artificial or renovated / widened canals, big or small. Its main attractions are distributed in a canal zone with a radius of 1.5 kilometers. The urban roads are smooth, and the distance from one point to another in the inner city is 5 km at most, thus, bicycle is the most practical means of transportation.
There is a tulip park named Keukenhof on the outskirts of Amsterdam, which has more than 6 million tulips. On the lawn of the park, there is an old and tall windmill for visitors to ascend a height and enjoy flowers. Entering the windmill, looking out of the window, you will see a vast expanse of tulip fields stretching to the horizon. They are reminiscent of Vincent van Gogh’s Bulb Fields: all kinds of tulips contend in beauty, like imprints left by crayons on the ground.
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn and Vincent van Gogh became another image icon of the Netherlands. They brought endless artistic charm to this city. On the streets of Amsterdam, various derivatives themed Rembrandt and Van Gogh may come into view. They appear on huge posters, in gallery windows, on shopping bags... The Rijskmusuem Amsterdam and the Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh (Van Gogh Museum) are popular places for tourists to visit, where people can enjoy the two artists’ works. From immaturity in the early stage to artistic leapfrog, from lonely madness to beautiful imagination, from passionate colors to lively strokes, those jumping art “Notes” seem to transcend time, conveying an eternal touching feeling to viewers.