Journal of Economics of Water Resources Vol.40 No.3May. 30th 2022

Effectsofgreenfinanceonhigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentinYangtzeRiverEconomicBelt/PAN Haiying1,2,3,ZHANG Qian1(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development,Nanjing 211100,China;3.Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development,Nanjing 210098,China)

Abstract:Based on the panel data of 11 provinces (cities) in Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019,the Tobit model and the intermediary effect model are established to test the nonlinear effect and mechanism of green finance on high-quality economic development.It is found that there is a “U” relationship between the green finance and the high-quality economic development,that is,with the improvement of the development level of green finance,the quality of economic development first decreases and then increases.The marketization and government intervention have positive regulatory effects on the nonlinear relationship between the green finance and the high-quality economic development.The results of mechanism analysis show that the green finance helps the high-quality economic development by alleviating the financing constraints of green technological innovation,while the traditional technological innovation shows a masking effect,which masks the real role of the green finance on the high-quality economic development to a certain extent.

Keywords:green finance;high-quality economic development;government intervention;technological innovation:Yangtze River Economic Belt

Couplingcoordinationofcarryingcapacityofresourcesandenvironment,economicdevelopmentandnewurbanizationdevelopmentinNorthwestChina/YUAN Ruhua1,2,LI Yajuan1,2(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.Institute of Water Conservancy Economics,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In order to explore the coupling and coordinated development degree among the three subsystems of carrying capacity of resources and environment,economic development and new urbanization in Northwest China,taking the five provinces and regions in Northwest China from 2005 to 2019 as the research object,an evaluation index system is established from the three dimensions of carrying capacity of resources and environment,economic development and new urbanization.The coupling and coordination relationship and action mechanism among the three subsystems and the temporal and spatial characteristics of system coupling and coordination degree in five provinces and regions are studied by using the coupling coordination degree model and the obstacle degree model,and the relevant influencing factors are further analyzed.The research results show that the comprehensive evaluation index of the coupling coordination of carrying capacity of resources and environment,economic development and new urbanization development in Northwest China has an upward trend during the research period,and it is generally changing to a better state.The increase of the comprehensive evaluation index of economic development subsystem and new urbanization development subsystem during the research period is significantly greater than that of carrying capacity subsystem of resources and environment,and their system coupling degree is at a high level.The degree of coupling and coordination shows a steadily upward trend,and the type of coupling and coordination has completed the transformation from near imbalance to intermediate coupling.In the future,the concept of sustainable development should be established,the level of carrying capacity of resources and environmental should be improved,and the mode of economic development should be changed so as to promote the coordinated development of the three subsystems in Northwest China.

Keywords:carrying capacity of resource and environment;economic development;new urbanization development;coupling coordination;obstacle degree;Northwest China

EvaluationandmultipleimprovementpathsoffiscalexpenditureefficiencyofenvironmentalprotectioninurbanagglomerationinYangtzeRiverDelta/WANG Jigan,CAI Xinqian(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:Based on the super-SBM model,the fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection in 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2007 to 2019 is measured.Furthermore,the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to analyze the influencing factors and the multiple improvement paths of high fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection from the view of configuration.The results show that the overall fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection in the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta exhibits a steadily upward trend,but there are significant differences among cities.The fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection depends on the comprehensive effects of regional economic development,level of opening up,scientific and technological innovation capability,industrial structure and urbanization,and any single conditional factor cannot dominate in the high fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection alone.There are three main formation paths leading to the high fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection,namely “high-quality development driven model”,“innovation driven model” and “characteristic industry-oriented model”.Therefore,the collaborative governance of regional environment in the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta should be further strengthened,and multiple improvement paths for the fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection should be explored.

Keywords:fiscal expenditure efficiency of environmental protection;super-SBM model;fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis;urban agglomeration in Yangtze River Delta

ImprovementpathsforgreenproductionefficiencyofagricultureinYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltbasedonnon-pointsourcepollutionandcarbonemission/ZHANG Yunning,YANG Lin,OUYANG Hongxiang,SONG Liangliang(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:The non-point source pollution and carbon emission hinder the improvement of green production efficiency of agriculture in China,and the promotion and realization of green development of agriculture is related to its high green production efficiency.Based on the non-point source pollution and carbon emission,an index system for economy-energy-environment-society of green production efficiency of agriculture is established.Taking the panel data of agriculture in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019 as the demonstration belt of ecological civilization construction as an example,the improvement paths of efficiency are studied by combining the internal growth and the external drive.The results show that during the study period,the eco-efficiency of agriculture in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits a U-shaped change to the right,and the efficiency improvement should be transformed from the increase mode to the optimization one.The regional differences are characterized by enlargement and convergence,and the high-efficiency areas indicate the effect of point-point-point-piece diffusion,with a certain trickle-down effect.In terms of the internal growth,attention should be paid to the influences of some factors including management and use of water resources,environmental governance,regional drive for scientific and technological progress,and regional cooperation chain.Among the external driving factors,the urbanization degree,industrial structure,scientific research level and efficiency have a positive and significant relationship,while the income level of employees,planting area of food crops and financial support intensity have a negative and significant correlation.The insignificant results of environmental regulation need to be highlighted.

Keywords:green production efficiency of agriculture;non-point source pollution;carbon emission;Super-SBM-undesirable model;Malmquist index;improvement path;Yangtze River Economic Belt

EfficiencyoffiscalexpenditureonenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionintheYellowRiverBasinunderhigh-qualitydevelopment/ZHANG Jie1,2,ZHAI Linying1(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.Collaborative Innovation Center for Coastal Development and Protection,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:As the Chinese government pays great attention to the high-quality development and the restoration of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin as well as under the constraints of financial funds for energy conservation and environmental protection,the efficiency improvement has become an important driving force for the optimization of ecological environment.The efficiency of fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection in 50 cities in the Yellow River basin from 2007 to 2018 is calculated and analyzed by the super-efficient SBM-undesirable model.It is found that during the sample period,the average efficiency of fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection in the Yellow River Basin is 0.67,with improvement of about 30%,and it exhibits three stage characteristics of “steady-downward-up”.In terms of the spatial distribution,the efficiency value at the right tail of “Ji” curve of the Yellow River is higher,and the low-value areas are randomly distributed at the edge of the Yellow River Basin.The efficiency of fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection has not increased in proportion to the local GDP.The comprehensive value characteristics of efficiency of fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection are obviously different between cities,and based on the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency,four types are classified:double high,high and low,low and high,and double low.Therefore,some suggestions are put forward for improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure on energy conservation and environmental protection,including promotion of industrial upgrading,establishment of cooperative watershed management system,optimization of capital allocation capacity according to local conditions,and improvement of budget management level.

Keywords:Yellow River Basin;energy conservation and environmental protection;efficiency of fiscal expenditure;high-quality development

EvaluationoncoordinationdegreeofwaterecologyandeconomycouplinginJiangsuProvince/JIA Qingwen,DONG Zengchuan,ZHU Shengnan,ZHOU Yuejiao,REN Jie,WANG Shiyun(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

Abstract:With the continuous development of economy,there are a series of contradictions between the social economy and the water ecological environment.Therefore,it is particularly important to study the coordination degree between the social economy and the water ecological environment for the realization of sustainable development.The social and economic development levels and water ecological environment conditions of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province are comprehensively evaluated by selecting its social and economic and water ecological environment indexes from 2015 to 2019 using the coupling coordination degree model,and their coordinated development levels are obtained and classified.Furthermore,the spatial analysis on their regional distribution characteristics is carried out.The results show that from 2015 to 2019,the coordination degree of social economy and water ecological environment in Jiangsu Province generally has an increasing trend year by year.In terms of spatial performance,the coordination degree in the southern Jiangsu Province is the highest,followed by the central and northern Jiangsu Province,and the regional coordination degree varies greatly.The coordination degree in the southern and northern Jiangsu Province is greatly improved,while that in the central Jiangsu Province is relatively small.

Keywords:water ecological environment assessment;coupling coordination degree model;entropy value method;Jiangsu Province

Measurementandtemporal-spatialevolutioncharacteristicsofprovincialwater-energy-foodsecurityinChina/HUANG Dechun1,2,3,WU Xiaoqing1,3,LI Jinqiu1,2,3(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.World Water Valley and Water Ecological Civilization Cooperative Innovation Center,Nanjing 211100,China;3.Institute of Industrial Economics,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:Based on the research object of 30 provinces (municipalities and regions) in China,a comprehensive evaluation index system of water-energy-food security including 30 indices is established.The water-energy-food security in 30 provinces (municipalities and regions) from 2003 to 2019 is measured and analyzed.The results show that the overall security of water-energy-food system in 30 provinces (municipalities and regions) gradually increases from 2003 to 2019.The water-energy-food security in the provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significantly increased,exhibiting obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics.The water-energy-food security in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively low due to the higher demands of domestic water and ecological water,while the fluctuation of water-energy-food security in Ningxia and Xinjiang is obvious,which is mainly caused by more application of chemical fertilizer and higher disaster rate of crops.The energy security and food security vary distinctly among provinces (municipalities and regions),which reflects that resource production capacity is generally inconsistent with environmental governance capability.

Keywords:natural resource;security evaluation system;temporal-spatial evolution;resource production capacity;environmental governance capability

Efficiencyofagriculturalwateruseanditsinfluencingfactorsinmaingrainproducingareas/LÜ Suyu,CUI Bingyan,LI Yajie(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:Based on the relevant agricultural data of 13 provinces in the main grain producing areas from 2005 to 2019,the SFA model and the Tobit model in the form of Cobb-Douglas function are used for empirical analysis.The results show that the values of agricultural production technical efficiency and agricultural water use efficiency are both less than 1,and the main grain producing areas have great water-saving potential.The regional difference of the agricultural water use efficiency is large,and the value in Anhui Province is the lowest.The increases in the average annual temperature in major cities,the proportion of agricultural water to total water consumption,the surface water resources,the effective irrigation area and the proportion of wheat and corn to crop sowing area have a significant positive impact on the value of the agricultural water efficiency.

Keywords:main grain producing areas;agricultural water use efficiency;technical efficiency of agricultural production;SFA

Progressintheoreticalresearchesandpracticalapplicationsofwaterbanks/LIU Chao1,2,ZHENG Chuiyong3,DING Chenhui3(1.School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.Jiangsu Research Base of Yangtze Institute for Conservation and High-quality Development,Nanjing 211100,China;3.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:As a more flexible allocation and management mode of water resources,the water bank can effectively make up for the operation limitations of water right trading market.How to transform the cognition of the water bank from theoretical level to practical one has become a research hotspot and difficulty in academic circles.Through systematic arrangement of the theoretical and practical application progress in the water bank,the theoretical connotation and operation mechanism of water bank practices are analyzed,and the worldwide practical modes and application experience are summarized.The practical basis of the implementation of the water bank in China is further analyzed.Finally,some suggestions for carrying out the next innovative researches and adaptive practices of the water bank in China are put forward from the viewpoints of operation mode of water bank,supporting mechanism and risk management.

Keywords:water bank;water right trading;water resource management;systematic risk

EarlywarningofcarryingstatusofwaterresourcesinNantongCitybasedoncoordinateddevelopmentdegree/LI Qiyun1,DONG Zengchuan1,YANG Guang2,ZHANG Yujie3,ZHONG Jiaxing1(1.College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;2.Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;3.Jiangsu Provincial Water and Soil Conservation Ecological Environment Monitoring Station,Nanjing 210012,China)

Abstract:In order to effectively ensure the urban water safety and reduce the carrying risk of water resources in the process of economic and social development,based on the dynamic feedback mechanism between the socio-economic system and the water resource system,a dynamic model for “water resources-social economy-ecological environment” system considering the constraints of water supply and sewage discharge is established.By selecting the coordinated development degree as the early warning index,an alarm determination method comprehensively considering the predicted value of the early warning index and the change trend of the index in the next year is proposed.Taking Nantong as the research object,the results show that the current development mode has achieved good results in the early stage.However,with the elapse of time,the carrying status of water resources will be upgraded from level Ⅳ to level Ⅲ,it will be getting worse,and the development direction needs to be adjusted in time.In the future,the water use efficiency should be further improved and the governance of point source pollution and non-point source pollution should be strengthened in Nantong City.

Keywords:carrying status of water resource;coordinated development degree;system dynamics;early warning;Nantong City

Dilemmasandresolutionofinterestexpressionofimmigrantgroupsinwaterconservancyandhydropowerprojects/YE Xin1,2,LI Wenyue1(1.Department of Physical Education,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;2.School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:The migration work of water conservancy and hydropower projects is huge.Because of its long-term and complex relocation process,the whole group inevitably involves the problem of interest expression in the progress of work promotion.The practical dilemmas of the interest expression of migrant groups in water conservancy and hydropower projects include the lack of interest expression ability,the blocked expression channel,the unsystematic expression vectors,the irrational forms of expression,the inconsistent standards and the imperfect management,and they have different degrees of social impact on the government,society,migrant work and migrant groups.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to resolve the dilemmas of interest expression of project immigrants.This study attempts to make a breakthrough from the aspects of the group with the improvement of their interest expression ability,the establishment of expression channels,the construction of expression vectors,the optimization of expression forms and the improvement of guarantee mechanism so as to seek an effective bridging path.

Keywords:water conservancy and hydropower project;immigrant group;interest expression;dilemma and resolution

Reconstructionoflivelihoodspaceandsustainabledevelopmentofhydropowerresettlement/ZHU Yunliang(Shanghai Investigation,Design &Research Institute,Co.,Ltd.,China Three Gorges Corporation,Shanghai 200335,China)

Abstract:During the resettlement,there exist the losses of the original livelihood resources and the reconstruction of livelihood space,and there is also the non-change of livelihood recovery and the change of livelihood transformation.Through arrangement of the change of livelihood space of resettlement,the replacement,extension,optimization and recombination of the livelihood space are analyzed,and the following potential risks are investigated:the losses of livelihood resources caused by the change of industrial structure,the decrease of livelihood level caused by social network disruption,and rejection of livelihood caused by the regime change.It is pointed out that the change status before and after resettlement should be accurately identified,and the sustainable livelihood space should be reconstructed through the means of policy innovation of top-level design,identification of development needs,community building,development of social capital,and balance of urban and rural space,etc.so as to help the hydropower resettlement to move out,to be steady and to be rich as well as to realize the livelihood recovery and to share the benefits of hydropower development.

Keywords:hydropower resettlement;livelihood space;sustainable development;benefit sharing

WillingnesstopayforwaterenvironmentofJiangsuresidentsanditsinfluencingfactorsunderRiverChiefSysteminChina/CHEN Lu1,ZHAO Peipei1,SHEN Xiaomei2,3,CAO Aijia1(1.Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;2.Green Development Research Institute of Yangtze River Delta,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng 224051,China;3.Yancheng Green Low-carbon and Circular Development Research Institute,Yancheng 224051,China)

Abstract:The full implementation of the River Chief System in China needs to pay attention to the guidance of public participation.Based on the survey data of residents in Jiangsu Province,the binary logistic model and the multiple regression model are used to study the influences of publicity effects of policies of the River Chief System on the residents’ willingness to pay for water environment and its heterogeneous effects on different groups.The results show that in general,the public in Jiangsu Province have a high willingness to participate in the governance of rivers and lakes,and about 75.4% of the respondents are willing to pay some fees for water environment governance.The full implementation of the River Chief System can significantly improve the residents’ willingness to pay for water environment,indicating that the “top-down” governance mode also has a good driving effect on the “bottom-up” public participation.The publicity effects of the River Chief System have different influences on the willingness to pay for water environment among different groups.For the groups with higher annual income and lower perception of the importance of water environment,the publicity effects have stronger positive feedback.It is pointed out that the publicity of the River Chief System should be further strengthened,and differentiated education and publicity programs of water environment science popularization should be formulated for different social groups.At the same time,the channel for the public to participate in the River Chief System should be widened,and the residents’ willingness to pay for water environment should be “realized” so as to realize the joint water control between the River Chief and the public.

Keywords:River Chief System;willingness to pay for water environment;policy propaganda;Jiangsu Province

PublicparticipationinRiverChiefSystemofChinafromperspectiveofMOA/FENG Jing,YANG Gaosheng(Business School,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

Abstract:In order to improve its behaviors,a behavior model for public participation in River Chief System of China is established based on the MOA theory,and its influencing factors and action path are analyzed.The research results show that the public participation motivation,including demand of water resources,health demand,sense of ownership responsibility and self-realization demand,positively affects their participation behaviors.The participation opportunities,including legal system,participation mechanism,information disclosure and material rewards,positively affect their participation behaviors.The participation ability,including professional knowledge ability,information acquisition ability and communication ability,positively affects their participation behaviors.In addition,the participation opportunities have an important positive impact on the participation ability,the opportunity of public participation has the greatest impact on the participation behaviors,followed by the participation ability and the participation motivation.Finally,some systematic suggestions are put forward to improve the public participation behavior from three aspects:ensuring public participation opportunities,establishing the promotion mechanism of public participation ability and stimulating public participation motivation.

Keywords:River Chief System;public participation;MOA theory;participation ability