英文摘要

03TheDevelopmentHistoryandMainAchievementsofHealthCooperationBetweenChinaandSudan

AbstractThe success of health cooperation is directly related to the life safety and health of people in all countries, and is of great significance. Health cooperation is an important part of the friendly relations between China and Sudan and it also sets an example for cooperation among developing countries. Based on archival materials, this paper systematically sorts out the history, scale and content of China-Sudan health cooperation. From the early 1970s to the present for more than 50 years, China has continuously dispatched medical teams, medicines, medical equipment and other materials to Sudan in accordance with the content of the protocol between the two countries. Highly appreciated by the people, it has also made great contributions to the development of Sudan’s health services. In the past 50 years, despite the drastic changes in the international situation, China and Sudan have respected each other and laid a solid foundation for friendly cooperation in the health field between the two countries through sincere exchanges and practical cooperation. Looking forward to the future, China and Sudan will continue to strengthen the health cooperation between the two countries, deepen the exchange of experience, and jointly promote the health cooperation between the two countries to a new level by the outcomes of the relevant meetings of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.

KeyWordsChina; Sudan; Health Cooperation; Chinese Medical Team in Sudan

AuthorsGaafar Karal Ahmed, Ph.D., Visiting Researcher, Shanghai Inter-na-tional Studies University, Former Ambassador of Sudan to China; WANG Guangda, Ph.D., Professor, Shanghai International Studies University and China-Arab Reform and Development Research Center.

18China’sParticipationintheSolutionofHotIssuesinArabCountriesintheNewEra

AbstractChina attaches great importance to the impact of hot issues in Arab countries on Middle East peace and China’s national interests. The general principle of China’s participation in the solution of international hot issues in the new era focuses on maintaining the international system with the United Nations as its core, the international order underpinned by international law, adhering to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and adhering to the correct perspectives on history, the overall situation and China’s role as well as the new vision of security, to fundamentally promote the rationalization, rule of law and democratization of international relations. China has participated in the solution of hot issues in Arab countries, observing Arab regional affairs with the perspective of “great changes that have not been seen in a century”, stressing that the Palestinian issue is the root problem in the Middle East, guiding China-Arab relations with the concept of “a community with a shared future for mankind”, and respecting the positive role of Islamic civilization in history and reality. The mechanisms for China’s participation in the solution of hot issues in Arab countries include participating in peacekeeping activities in the Arab region under the UN framework and adhering to principles in the voting of the UN Security Council; adhering to real multilateralism diplomacy to participate in the solution of hot issues in Arab countries; implementing normalized special envoy diplomacy aimed at hot issues in Arab countries and actively encouraging dialogue and talks for peace; promoting the de-radicalization in Arab countries. China’s participation in the solution of hot issues in Arab countries has played an obvious positive effect, but it is still in the process of dynamic develop-ment and perfection.

KeyWordsChina’s Diplomacy; Arab Countries; Hot Issues; United Nations; Multilateralism

AuthorNIU Song, Ph.D., Professor, Middle East Studies Institute, Shanghai International Studies University.

38TheShapingofIranianNationalIdentitybyPersianLanguageandLitera-tureDuringtheArabEmpire

AbstractLanguage is a window of national cultural identity and a symbol of the affiliation between individuals and groups. It plays an important role in shaping and maintaining cultural identity. During the Arab Empire, the awakening of Iranian national consciousness promoted the revival of the Persian language and literature, and strengthened the cultural identity of Iran. Taking the Shu’ ubiyah, the rebirth of the new Persian language, the Book of Kings and its oral literature as the starting point, this paper aims to explore the historical process of shaping Iranian national cultural identity through Persian language and literature under the Arab rule during the 7th-13th centuries and the constructive role played by Iranian nobility and elites in it.

KeyWordsPersian language and literature; The Arab Empire; Iran; National Identity; Cultural Identity

AuthorsJI Kaiyun, PH.D., Professor, School of History and Culture, Southwest Univer-sity; LIAO Xiwei, Master Candidate, School of History and Culture, Southwest University.

56ThePoliticalParticipationandInfluenceofRussianJewsinIsrael

AbstractIsrael has the largest number of Russian Jews in the country with a large number of immigrants, good educational background, secularized religious attitudes and a close and united social network. These characteristics are of great concern to Israeli society. The political participation of Russian Jews in Israel is the result of joint efforts: Israel’s national policy has laid a policy foundation for Russian Jewish immigrants to participate in political affairs; Israel’s single proportional representation system provides an institutional basis for the political participation of Russian Jewish immigrants; The demographic and cultural advantages of Russian Jewish immigrants provides a social basis for their political development; The fragmentation of Israeli party politics and the increasingly divided social reality provide an environmental basis for the political practice of Russian Jews. In political practice, Russian Jews present the adherence pattern with Israeli parties, individual patterns with the foundation of political community and ethnic parties and the transformation pattern under the fragmentation of party politics. Their different modes of political participation have exerted an influence on Israel’s politics, economy, society and diplomacy.

KeyWordsRussian Jews; Israel; Political Participation; Political Influence

AuthorsTAN Li, Ph.D. Candidate, Institute of Hui Studies, Ningxia Univer-sity; LI Shaoxian, Professor, Arab Institute of Ningxia University.

77EvolutionoftheRelationsBetweentheDruzeCommunityandtheStateofIsrael,1918-2018

AbstractAs a minority ethnic group in Israel, the Druze obtained the inde-pendent community status granted by the British Palestine Mandate authority shortly after the British army occupied the whole territory of Palestine in 1918, and maintained friendly relations with the local Jewish Community for a long time. Around the establishment of Israel in 1948, the Druze Community allied with the Jewish Community. The alliance rose to the “Covenant of Blood” in 1956. At the same time, the “Druze Zionist Covenant” was born. Its essence is the special relationship between the Druze Community and the State of Israel. The Nation-State Law issued in 2018 triggered the Druze Community to query the “Druze Zionist covenant” and protest against the Nation-State Law. The special relationship between the Druze Community and the State of Israel can be divided into five different periods from 1918 to 2018: brewing stage (1918-1948), formation stage (1948-1956), developing stage (1956-1976), changing stage (1976-2001) and splitting stage (2001-2018). The cornerstone of the formation and development of this special relationship is the common interests between the Druze Community and the State of Israel. The special relationship has been repeatedly impacted, but it will not be destroyed easily because of its asymmetry and other factors. In addition, its prospect essentially depends on the balance of Jewishness and democracy in Israel.

KeyWordsIsrael; Druze; Jews; Jewish Nation-State Law

AuthorPAN Nan, Ph.D., Lecturer, Institute of Domestic Security, Zhejiang Police College.

98ArabPowerIntegrationUndertheBackgroundofEnergyTransformation:ProgressandHindrance

AbstractRegional power integration means that countries build a shared regional power network to realize the collective security and optimal allocation of power supply. Arab power integration began in the 1950s, and now it has formed three sub-regional systems: Maghreb Power Grid, Eight Countries Power Grid and Gulf Power Grid, but the level of interconnection and power trade is still low. The energy transformation has injected new impetus into the Arab power integration: most Arab countries pursue cleaner power structure; the Arab countries have a complementary relationship between power supply and demand, and there is also a demand for mutual assistance under the condition of a high proportion of clean power; some countries have the potential to export electricity outside the region. At present, Arab power integration is in a critical stage of transition from sub-regional interconnection to regional interconnection. The Arab League actively promotes the construction of the Pan-Arab electricity market and tentatively completes the top-level design and mechanism shaping. Some countries promote the construction of cross-border power grid projects. Meanwhile, regional power integration faces some outstanding obstacles, including the unstable political and security situation, the priority of countries to develop their power systems, the issue of energy subsidies, social opposition and the unfavorable economic situation caused by the COVID-19. China can become an important partner in Arab power integration, especially making use of China’s advanced power transmission and distribution technology to promote the construction of national and transnational power grids.

KeyWordsArab Power Integration; Energy Transformation; Clean Energy; Transnational Power Grid

AuthorsZHANG Rui, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Economic and Technology Institute, Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization; YUE Fengli, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Economic and Techno-logy Institute, GEIDCO.

118Sources,CharacteristicsofTerroristOrganizationFinancingandCounter-measuresintheNetworkandDigitalEra

AbstractMoney is the basis on which terrorist organizations survive. The main sources of financing of the major terrorist groups worldwide are illegal activities, legal activities, donations from charities and non-profit organizations. These sources of funding have both advantages and disadvantages for terrorist organizations. Compared with the security of legal activities, illegal activities take high risks and are prone to losing public support. However, illegal activities do not need skills and are easy to operate and make a profit. Therefore they are the most frequently used method by terrorist groups. With the development of international financial counter-terrorism, terrorist groups frequently change their funding tactics. Their sources of funding are more and more diversified with some new features. The costs of terrorist financing tend to be lower. Internet becomes an important platform for terrorist financing; The use of virtual currency for terrorist financing becomes a trend of concern. The pandemic has seen the revival of IS and other terror groups. Their capabilities to raise funds are increasing. A new type of terror group is more “creative” and more diversified. This poses great challenges for financial counter-terrorism. The erosion of the financial systems by new terror groups harms financial security. To meet the challenges of terrorist financing under a new situation, measures should be taken from the perspective of international and regional cooperation and technology. Governance is needed from the perspective of ideology and society.

KeyWordsNetwork and Digitalization; Terrorist Organization Financing; Virtual Cur-rency; International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism; Social Governance

AuthorZHU Sumei, Professor, Department of International Politics, Univer-sity of International Relations.

139ConstituencyinIstanbul’sGecekonduandtheRiseoftheWelfarePartyinTurkey

AbstractGecekonduemerged as a result of the rapid development of Turkey’s urbanization after the World War II. As Turkey’s largest city and economic center, Istanbul attracted immigrants from villages and small towns across the country, forming Turkey’s largest and most representativegecekondu. In the context of multi-party politics in Turkey, the political choices of thegecekonduwith a large population have become a key factor affecting Turkey’s election results, this made thegecekondupeople a group of voters that political parties actively had been strived for. In the mid-1990s, Turkey’s Welfare Party (RefahPartisi), as an Islamist party, won the post of mayor of Istanbul Metropolitan City in Turkey’s local elections, being a landmark event of the rise of political Islam in Turkey. The victory of the Welfare Party was naturally related to the support of people ofgecekondu. In thegecekondusociety that has been struck by the impact of neoliberalism, the Welfare Party’s advocacy of the political idea of “Just Order” and its political practices full of Islamic charity, constitute the key to gaining support fromgecekondu. Based on the combination of their respective interests, thegecekonduand the Welfare Party drive the development of political Islam in Turkey.

KeyWordsTurkey; Istanbul;Gecekondu; Welfare Party; “Just Order”

AuthorDING Yuting, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of History, Peking Uni-ver-sity.