肯尼迪表演艺术中心The REACH项目，华盛顿，美国

斯蒂文霍尔建筑师事务所

客户：肯尼迪表演艺术中心

建筑师：斯蒂文霍尔建筑师事务所｜Steven Holl,Chris Mcvoy,Garrick Ambrose,Magdalena Naydekova,Bell Ying Yi Cai,Kimberley Chew,J.Leehong Kim,Martin Kropac,Elise Riley,Yun Shi,Dominik Sigg,Jongseo Lee,Alfonso Simelio；皱褶混凝土开发团队｜Garrick Ambrose,Chris Mcvoy,Magdalena Naydekova

助理建筑师：BNIM

施工图设计：BNIM

项目经理：Paratus Group

结构工程师：Silman

MEP工程师：ARUP

土木工程师：Langan

气候工程师：Transsolar

照明顾问：L'Observatoire International

混凝土顾问：Reg Hough Associates

成本估算师：Stuart Lyn公司

规范顾问:Protection Engineering Group

Client:John F.Kennedy Center For The Performing Arts

Architects:Steven Holl Architects | Steven Holl,Chris Mcvoy,Garrick Ambrose,Magdalena Naydekova,Bell Ying Yi Cai,Kimberley Chew,J.Leehong Kim,Martin Kropac,Elise Riley,Yun Shi,Dominik Sigg,Jongseo Lee,Alfonso Simelio;Crinkle Concrete Development Team | Garrick Ambrose,Chris Mcvoy,Magdalena Naydekova

Associate Architects: BNIM

Architect of record:BNIM

Project Manager: Paratus Group

Structural Engineers:Silman

MEP Engineer:ARUP

Civil Engineers:Langan

Climate Engineers:Transsolar

Lighting Consultant:L’Observatoire International

肯尼迪表演艺术中心作为约翰·肯尼迪总统的“在生纪念馆”，矗立在华盛顿特区的大型总统纪念碑之中。通过公共活动和振奋人心的艺术，肯尼迪中心让公众与艺术家在整个创作过程中交流、互动。The REACH 扩建项目由斯蒂文霍尔建筑师事务所设计，增加了临时排练室、教育空间以及一系列灵活的室内和室外空间，进一步巩固了肯尼迪中心在艺术、文化和机遇方面的领导地位。

The REACH 的设计将建筑与景观融为一体，扩展了纪念项目的维度。该景观设计还映射了肯尼迪总统的生平事迹：35 棵银杏树象征着约翰·肯尼迪为美国第 35 任总统，于11 月末落下金黄的秋叶；而倒影池和红木景观台则采用了与肯尼迪的二战鱼雷艇PT109 相同的尺寸与材料。

The REACH 的3 座展馆与周围景观融为一炉，这与爱德华·杜雷尔·斯通早年设计的肯尼迪中心形成了鲜明的对比。展馆之间形成了室外空间，并框出了华盛顿纪念碑、林肯纪念堂和波托马克河沿岸的景致。3 栋建筑在绿色屋顶下相互连接，使得肯尼迪中心的室内空间扩展至6689m2，其中包含开放工作室、排练室和表演空间以及专门的艺术学习空间。大部分扩建区域均嵌于公共景观之下，为游客打造了最大程度的绿色空间，也为室内提供了景观。

开放式景观提供了舒适的大型空间，方便公众随时来此聚会或参观。肯尼迪中心内的现场表演将被同步投影在宽阔草坪前那座最大展馆的北墙上。这片景观区近6410m2——规模为华盛顿特区之最，被设计成下方室内空间的绿色屋顶。各式各样的花园为非正式演出和活动提供了舞台，而其他灵活空间也提高了公众参与度，进一步让该中心成为未来几年内艺术、学习与文化的纽带。

As a "living memorial" for President John F.Kennedy,the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts takes an active position among the great presidential monuments in Washington,D.C.Through public events and stimulating art,the Kennedy Center offers a place where the community can engage and interact with artists across the full spectrum of the creative process.The REACH expansion,designed by Steven Holl Architects,adds much-needed rehearsal,education,and a range of flexible indoor and outdoor spaces to allow the Kennedy Centre to continue to play a leadership role in providing artistic,cultural,and enrichment opportunities.

The design for The REACH merges architecture with the landscape to expand the dimensions of a living memorial.The landscape design includes a narrative reflection on the life of President Kennedy:a grove of 35 gingko trees,which will drop their golden autumn leaves in late November,acknowledges John F.Kennedy’s position as the 35th President of the United States;and a reflecting pool and mahogany landscape deck are built in the same dimensions and mahogany boards of Kennedy's WWII boat,the PT109.

In complementar y/contrast to the monumental original Kennedy Center building by Edward Durell Stone,The REACH's three pavilions are fused with the landscape.They shape outdoor spaces between them,and frame views to the Washington Monument,Lincoln Memorial and Potomac riverfront.The three pavilions are interconnected below green roofs to expand the Kennedy Center's interior space with 72,000 ft2 of open studios,rehearsal and performance spaces,and dedicated arts learning spaces.Embedding much of the expansion under a public landscape offers maximum green space to the community and gives landscape views from the interior spaces.

1 外景Exterior view

2 水彩草图Watercolour sketch

3 轴测图示Axonometric diagram

声学顾问:Harvey Marshall Berling Associates

项目经理：Paratus Group

建筑面积：6689m2

景观区面积：12,077m2有反射池和连接河边的人行桥的花园

施工时间：2015.11-2019.09

绘图：斯蒂文霍尔建筑师事务所

摄影：Richard Barnes,Iwan Baan

Concrete Consultant:Reg Hough Associates

Cost Estimator:Stuart Lynn Company

Code Consultant:Protection Engineering Group

Acoustical Consultants:Harvey Marshall Berling Associates

Project Manager:Paratus Group

Building Area:6689 m2interior space

Landscape Area:12,077 m2of gardens with reflecting pools and pedestrian bridge connection to river front

Construction Period:2015.11–2019.09

Drawings:Steven Holl Architecture

Photos:Richard Barnes,Iwan Baan

4 露台层平面Terrace level plan

5 地上层平面Upper level plan

6 地下层平面Lower level plan

钛白色板构建的混凝土展馆与景观水乳交融，柔美的曲线为室内引入了自然光线。混凝土饰面由10.16cm 的榫槽花旗松板组成，内衬数控胶合板。从远处看，这种混凝土似乎浑然一体，但走近细观，则有如同人体尺度大小的木板，仿佛是建造过程的一种见证。

尽管3 栋展馆的形态各不相同，也没有任何清晰的几何特征，但它们却经由各自的直纹曲面几何相互关联。这样的设计策略创造出了一系列形式语言——从圆锥截面到双曲抛物面，视觉声学在展馆之间回响，交织出室外空间，也让声音在内部均匀分散。在建筑物内部，新研发的褶皱状混凝土纹理被应用在排练及表演空间的墙壁上，将声学效果直接整合进结构性现浇混凝土墙内。自然光线透过半透明的明净弧形玻璃洒进所有空间。发光表面通过蚀刻玻璃以及层与层之间的白色半透明薄膜，将光线散入室内深处，并在夜间向外泛光。开窗的位置让整个室内均享有景观视野，从入口大厅到排练及活动空间，再至河流与远处的景致，激发创作的好奇心和活力互动。

在斯通最初的设计中缺失了50 多年后，肯尼迪中心终于通过The REACH 项目与波托马克河相连了。新建的人行桥仿佛漂浮在公园小路上，方便游客轻松来往于岩溪小径和乔治城的海滨。新扩建的校园将肯尼迪中心定位成21 世纪面向未来的艺术机构，颂扬着肯尼迪总统及其对艺术和美国文化的重大贡献。□（王单单 译）

评审评语

该项目关注新老建筑之间的延续和协调，在空间维度上延伸和拓展了肯尼迪中心的纪念意义。扩建部分的3 个构筑物，地面上各自独立，以减小其体量，在绿化地下则是互相联通的各类功能空间，成为华盛顿特区最大的地下景观空间。新老建筑之间一组35 棵银杏组成的小树林景观象征着肯尼迪曾为美国第35任总统。在立面材料的复合运用上，远眺时是整体的混凝土材料，近看则可以感受到人体尺度的饰面木板。在开放草坪前方最大的构筑物的立面上，将艺术中心内部的实时演出呈现给室外的公众。建筑在开放性、公众性、纪念意义的延续性方面给人留下了深刻的印象，与1960 年代建成的肯尼迪表演中心成为波托马克河岸标志，使肯尼迪表演中心更具有国家意义上的魅力。

The open landscape provides both large and intimate spaces to gather and visit at all times of the day.Simulcast projections of live performances from within the Kennedy Center will be projected onto the north wall of the largest pavilion in front of a broad lawn.The landscape serves as a green roof over the interior spaces below,the largest in Washington,D.C.at approximately 69,000 ft2.The varied gardens will provide opportunities for casual performances and events and other flexible locations for enhanced engagement,further positioning the Center as a nexus of arts,learning,and culture in the years ahead.

The titanium white board-formed concrete pavilions engage with the landscape,gently curving to catch natural light for the interior.The concrete finish is made up of 4'' tongue and groove Douglas fir boards that lined CNC plywood forms.From a distance the concrete appears monolithic and seamless but when examined up close has the scale of wooden boards that relate to the body and hand,while simultaneously showing an imprint of the building process.

While all different in form,resisting any defined geometric description,the three pavilions are connected through their ruledsurface geometry.This strategy creates a language of forms,from conical sections to hyperbolic paraboloids,a visual acoustics echoing across the pavilions,cupping space between them,and dispersing sound on the inside.Inside the building,a newly developed crinkled concrete texture lines the walls of rehearsal and performance spaces,integrating acoustical qualities directly within the structural cast-inplace concrete walls.Natural light is given to all spaces via translucent,clear and curved glass.Through etching the glass,and sandwiching translucent white films between layers,luminous surfaces diffuse light deep into the interior,and glow outward at night.Windows are positioned to provide views through the full depth of the interior,from the entry lobby though rehearsal and event spaces to the river and landscape beyond,encouraging creative curiosity and dynamic interaction.

11.12 剖面Sections

13.14 内景Interior views

With The REACH,the Kennedy Center's direct connection to the Potomac River is finally achieved,more than 50 years after it was lost in Stone's initial design.A new pedestrian bridge,which appears to float over the park way,allows easy access to and from the Rock Creek Trail and the Georgetown waterfront.The newly expanded campus positions the Kennedy Center as a 21st century,future-oriented arts institution,and celebrates President Kennedy and his significant contribution to the arts and American culture.□

Jury Statement

The REACH expansion adds new rehearsal rooms,supporting educational spaces,and a range of flexible indoor and outdoor spaces.Its design focuses on the continuity and coordination between the old and new buildings,expanding the memorial significance of the Kennedy Center in terms of its spatial dimensions.The three pavilions of the expansion are separate on the ground to reduce their volume,while serving as interconnected functional spaces under the greenery,making it the largest underground landscape space in Washington,DC.

Between the old and new buildings is a grove of 35 ginkgo trees symbolising Kennedy as the 35th president.In the composite application of façade materials,it seems an integral concrete material from a distance,whilst the size of the wooden boards can be seen when examined up close.Moreover,on the façade of the largest structure in front of the open lawn,live performances from inside the art center are projected and presented to the public outside.

The expansion's openness,public nature,and continuity of monumental significance leaves a deep impression,becoming the landmarks on the Potomac river bank with the famous Kennedy Center built in the 1960s,making the Kennedy Center even more attractive on a national level.